# data[].attributes.body
The physiological processes involved in a stroke is when there is a disturbance of blood flow to the brain which leads negative signals to the brain that turns into an emergency inflammatory response. The severity of the stroke depends on if the stroke is hemorrhagic which is caused by a some sort of brain bleeding.

# data[].attributes.body
People who struggle with obesity and are overweight are a population that are more prone to a stroke. This is because excess weight especially around the waist, increases the chances of conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol.

# data[].attributes.body
We chose this topic because strokes are very common and can be very dangerous. They affect people all over the world and even people we are close to. We are also all very interested in to see how/what causes strokes and other important factors that are crucial to be educated on.

# data[].attributes.body
As the older people get, they're more prone to strokes as their body starts to slow down and not be able to protect itself from something traumatic: like a stroke.

# data[].attributes.headline
RACE: African Americans and Hispanic Americans 

# data[].attributes.subject
RACE: African Americans and Hispanic Americans 

# data[].attributes.body
The higher prevalence of risk factors in certain races, such as African Americans and Hispanic Americans. They are more prone to hypertension and diabetes mellitus, sickle cell anemia, and high cholesterol. Also, those who live in 3rd world countries may not have the immediate opportunity to proper healthcare/education for strokes.

# data[].attributes.body
Cigarettes, cigars, vapes, etc. contains something called tobacco. Breaking it down more, tobacco has harmful chemicals that get transferred from the lungs and into your bloodstream. These chemicals can have dangerous change: such as: affecting your circulatory system with invasive and disruptive chemicals, which increases the risk of stroke.

# data[].attributes.body
The physiological processes involved in a stroke is when there is a disturbance of blood flow to the brain which leads negative signals to the brain that turns into an emergency inflammatory response. If it is ischemic, the stroke is caused by a some sort of blood blockage in the brain.

# data[].attributes.body
The heart being the cardiac structure, is especially the origin for embolic strokes. The left atrium, left ventricle, and heart valves play key roles. Embolus also known as a blood clot, forms in the heart then travels to the aorta. Next, into carotid or cerebral arteries. This blocks blood flow to the brain and eventually causes a stroke. Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a cause of emboli along with damaged or infected heart valves.

# data[].attributes.body
The Circle of Willis is the arterial ring at the base of the brain. It is a ring of blood vessels in the brain that connects the left and right internal carotid arteries and the blood flow from the back of the brain, using small connecting arteries. Its primary function is to work as a backup that reroutes blood flow to protect against ischemic events like strokes and transient ischemic attacks. If interrupted, it can cause an ischemic stroke.

# data[].attributes.body
The MCA is one of the most commonly affected artery. It is part of a major branch of the internal carotid artery which plays a major role in the Circle of Willis. Oxygenated blood flows through the MCA to different regions of the brain like: frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes. The MCA is one of the most commonly affected vessel in strokes; more specifically ischemic strokes.

# data[].attributes.body
Slurred speech (a common symptom of a stroke) is a speech disorder characterized by unclear or muffled articulation due to weakness or poor control of the muscles used for vocalization.

# data[].attributes.body
Many patients feel very weak before and after a stroke. The weakness can be due to brain damage and physical/mental exertion of relearning certain functions.

# data[].attributes.body
Since getting a stroke disrupts normal brain function, it damages certain areas of the brain that affects: thinking, memory, and awareness; hence the confusion.

# data[].attributes.body
facial drooping is a symptom of paralysis that occurs on one side when a stroke is occuring.

# data[].attributes.body
This procedure opens up a blocked or clogged artery, these cause strokes or "mini strokes". A catheter threads the stent through the blood vessel and blockage. The catheter acts as a balloon to keep the artery open. Then the metal mesh tube keeps it from recollapsing. This improves blood flow and is an alternate to to surgery. Recovery is a hospital stay and restricted activity. Blood thinning medication may follow after as well.

# data[].attributes.body
Signs of an ischemic stroke on a CT scan include a darker area of the brain, called hypoattenuation. This dark spot is where blood flow was blocked, swelling of brain tissue, loss of distinction between gray and white matter, and effacement of the sulci (the grooves on the brain's surface).

# data[].attributes.body
Unlike a CT scan, an EKG does not directly show the brain damage from a stroke, but it can detect heart conditions that cause strokes. They can also reveal changes in the heart's electrical activity that may be a result of the stroke itself.

# data[].attributes.body
Coiling is when a catheter is inserted into an artery in the groin which is guided to the brain. the surgeons use the catheter to place small coils into the brains aneurysm. This then will block blood flow to the aneurysm which will clot it.

# data[].attributes.body
After having a stroke, it is common that brain damage occurs. This, typically, affects certain sides of the body with long-term paralysis. It ranges from the partial incapacity to move, full face paralysis, to complete paralysis on a specific side of the body. If paralysis is avoided, weakness is an even more side effect of a stroke. This causes basic motor functions to seem impossible after having a stroke.

# data[].attributes.body
After someone has a stroke, cognitive difficulty is a common long term effect of a stroke. People may develop symptoms such as confusion, poor attention span, and inability to process information. Causing normal daily activities to be increasingly more difficult, and even some causes not possible anymore. This also may cause those who suffered from a stroke to put themselves into danger unknowingly.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What to do about cognitive issues after a Stroke

# data[].attributes.body
After suffering a stroke, many patients suffer emotional trauma. This could look like day-to-day anxiety, or depression from the long term lifestyle changes. Around one in four people will suffer anxiety within the first five year after a stroke happens. Facing the challenges of life after a stroke can lead to a feeling of inferiority, or losing their identity. Overall, the frustrating process of physical recovery can cause long term mental struggles.

# data[].attributes.body
This practice aims to restore any impairments to speech, language, or swallowing after suffering from a stroke. This typically costs around $60-300 dollars per session, or $1,600-3,000 dollars in total. After obtaining a doctors referral, coverage is common depending on the provider. Sometimes there must be dysphasia or aphasia to be covered. There are typically copays, deductibles, or coinsurance involved. Long term issues if the patient can't afford coverage for the treatment could be worsening speech, inability to swallow properly, aspiration pneumonia, or dehydration.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical therapy helps stroke survivors regain strength, mobility, balance, and independence.

1). Cost: Each session typically costs $50–$350, and ongoing therapy can total $5,000–$20,000 per year.

2). Insurance Coverage: Most insurance plans, including Medicare, cover part or all of the cost if therapy is medically necessary (limits or copays may apply).

3). Without Treatment: Skipping/never going to physical therapy can lead to permanent mobility issues, muscle weakness, balance problems, increased fall risk, and greater dependence on others.

# data[].attributes.body
Antiplatelet therapy is used to prevent platelets from sticking together and forming blood clots. Which, in turn, prevents strokes. Costs can range from $ 12 to $657+, depending on the medication you're prescribed. Most of these medications are pretty easy to get covered. But if a patient decides not to take these medications, it could lead to another stroke in the future.

# data[].attributes.body
CPT is a evidence based psychotherapy that is designed to treat post traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). This is a speech therapy that helps people process traumatic events, negative thoughts, and fear. It is conducted by licensed mental health professions like psychologists. Short term, it can help get people through the small difficult bumps along their healing journey. Yet, long term, this can help work out deeper problems, such as anxiety, depression, and trauma/PTSD.

# data[].attributes.body
Melodic intonation therapy is a type of music therapy that stroke patients may undergo. This method trains stroke survivors to communicate rhythmically, which builds stronger connections between brain regions. This can help stroke survivors improve cognitive decline that may have occurred, and provides brain development in stroke patients, such as improved memory and mood. Speech-language pathologists are often responsible for providing this treatment to the patients.

# data[].attributes.body
Dysphagia Therapy is a type of Physical therapy that utilizes a combination of compensatory techniques and direct treatment strategies to improve the safety of oral intake. This treatment is used to help prevent aspiration in patients struggling with dysphagia. This therapy is often administered by a Speech Language Pathologist.

# data[].attributes.body
This exercise is a type of physical therapy, this works to improve motor function by watching their reflection during movement. The brain receives visual feedback that the affected limb is moving even though it's not. Then this tricks the brain to send signals to that limb, which ultimately helps it regain function. This helps coordination and balance, as well as flexion and extension. The session typically last around 20-30 minutes and done multiple times a week. A professional for this would be occupational or physical therapists.

# data[].attributes.body
Cognitive rehabilitation is an important therapy in stroke recovery because it focuses on restoring the thinking and communication skills that are often affected. Especially when a stroke impacts the right side of the brain. This type of therapy helps individuals strengthen important abilities such as attention, memory, problem-solving, and decision-making. By improving these skills, cognitive rehabilitation supports clearer communication, greater independence, and a better overall quality of life!

# data[].attributes.body
A high cholesterol increases the risk of blood clots. Therefore eating healthy and less fatty foods can help reduce the chances of getting a stroke. If you eat unhealthy, greasy, fast food every day; starting a better diet would be extremely beneficial, even if it's hard at first. It will take time but incorporating fruits and vegetables into your diet will help. Going to a dietician also can make this process easier/more personal as they help with staying on track of being healthy, and also helps keep a good relationship with food.

# data[].attributes.body
Getting routine physical exams, including getting your blood pressure checked and getting routine blood tests, can help prevent strokes. These exams do this by helping identify any unusual test results that might arise. This lifestyle change would be ranked at a "3" since all you really need to do is show up to the appointments and schedule them annually. The doctor who can help you with this lifestyle change is your primary healthcare provider, who can order the necessary labs for you if any unusual warning signs appear during your physical examination. Aswell as check in with you and your past results to help you better prevent a stroke.

# data[].attributes.body
Men are more likely then woman to have a stroke. This is because testosterone plays a role my promoting blood clots and inflammation. Some particular challenges could be stubbornness; because men are less likely to ask for medical help. Another challenge is diet and alcohol consumption. Males tend to consume a greater diet of saturated fats and high cholesterol which can increase blood pressure and increase the risks of strokes. Excessive alcohol consumption can also increase blood pressure.

# data[].attributes.body
Pregnant/Postpartum women are at a higher risk of strokes due to hyper coagulable state, higher blood pressure, and conditions like preeclampsia or eclampsia. The challenges in diagnosis is that the symptoms can match typical prenatal symptoms. Treatment is also difficult due to having to keep the fetus safe as well, limiting options. The same issue goes for prevention, they have to watch for the care of the fetus as well.

# data[].attributes.body
Stroke patients can utilize wearable sensors to track arm movement, arm usage ratio, step count, and stance symmetry, generating personalized movement reports with visual displays. This device can help improve function and motion ability in those who have suffered from a stroke. The main risks associated with electromyography are collapsed lungs, nerve damage, and pain and discomfort at the site of needle insertion.

# data[].attributes.body
AI systems quickly scan CT images and detect stroke signs within minutes, alerting the care team so treatment can start sooner. Biplane imaging uses two cameras to create real-time views of brain blood vessels, helping doctors see blockages clearly and guide fast, precise procedures during an acute stroke. This is extremely important, as AI can detect extremely dangerous issues faster and more effectively than past methods. Yet, some problems may be error in the coding and unable to properly think about if something may or may not be a different problem.

# data[].attributes.body
Regular screenings and early detection for blood pressure can help eliminate one of the major risk factors of a stroke. Blood pressure control and lowered blood pressure help take that risk factor down. Awareness and easily accessed care to treat this risk factor will greatly lower stroke rates for the public. A challenge in implementing this measure would be those who live in rural areas not being able to get to where this is offered. Another challenge is finding the funding to get people who can facilitate these programs.

# data[].attributes.body
Encouraging lifestyle changes to the public, such as adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular exercise, and quitting smoking, can encourage people to take action. This, in turn, helps lower blood pressure and cholesterol, which are two of the leading causes of strokes. Some challenges that people may face when attempting to implement these changes include a lack of willpower and motivation to get started or to continue maintaining these lifestyle changes.