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Does the amount of water effect how many seeds germinate in 48 hours? 

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Does the amount of water effect how many seeds germinate in 48 hours? 

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Null: No, the amount of water does not effect how many seeds germinate in 48 hours.
Alternitive: Yes, the amount of water will effect how many seeds germinate in 48 hours.

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Independant Variable- Amount of water in millimeters
Dependent Variable- The amount of seeds that germinate in 48 hours
Constants- Light, humidity, room temperature, 10 seeds, 5 patrie dishes

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- 5 patrie dishes
- Beak of water
- Seeds
- Water dropper
- Pieces of paper towel
- Sharpie
- Sciccors

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1. Cut papers into circles to match patrie dishes
2. Place two pieces of paper in each patrie dish
3. Measure water out for each patrie dish
4. One at a time, add the correct amount of water in each patrie dish with the water dropper
5. Then, put 10 seeds in each patrie dish
6. Place yours lids on the patrie dishes
7. Lastly, put your patrie dishes on the window sill

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An example of a completely set up patrie dish, before placing the lid on it and putting it on the window sill. 

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An example of a completely set up patrie dish, before placing the lid on it and putting it on the window sill. 

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The amount of water did not affect the amount of seeds that germinated in 48 hours. For example, the range of the error bars were not large, showing that the average data for each petrie dish in the class were not statistacally signficant. The error bars on average had an 2 SEM of 1, because one was 0.55, and another was 0.89, and another was 1.1. The odd one out being the 2 SEM that equaled 3.74. But still, they overlapped at 10ml, 15ml, and 20ml. This overlap shows that the difference is not even statistically that different. This evidence proves that the amount of water played no part in how many seeds germinated because there was no drastic difference in the classes data. If the water did effect the amount, there'd be longer error bars that did not overlap so much, showing there was statistically a significant difference in data.

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Does moisture affect the number of ispods in choice chamber?

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Does moisture affect the number of ispods in choice chamber?

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Null: No, moisture will have no affect on the number of isopod.
Alternitive: Yes, moisture will increase the amount of ispods.

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Independant Variable- Moisture
Dependent Variable- Number of ispods
Constants- Number of bugs, space, sunlight/light, temperature ...

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Moisture did infact affect how many ispods there were in a petrie dish. One way this is shown is through the error bars. Both the wet and dry petrie dish had 0.37 as there 2 SEM. They did not overlap on the graph, which means that statistically there was a difference. Also, in the end there were 7 ispods inside of the petrie dish with moisture, where as there was only 3 ispods in the dry petrie dish. This all shows that moisture affected the location of the ispods in the end, and that they prefered the side with moisture. Because ispods have gills, they need to keep them moist. If they dry out, the ispod will die. Meaning they gravitated towards the moisture because it's how they survive.

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Does the color in the petrie dish affect the amount of isopods? 

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Does the color in the petrie dish affect the amount of isopods? 

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Null: No, the color does not affect the amount of ispods in the petrie dish.
Alternitive: Yes, the color does affect the amount of ispods in the petrie dish.

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Independent Variable- Color
Dependent Variable- Amount of ispods
Constants: Temperatue, light, number of ispods, space in petrie dish

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- 1 choice chamber
- 1 orange piece of paper
- 10 isopods
- Data table
- Tweezers

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1. Cut two circles from orange paper that fit into the petrie dish
2. Put the paper inside one side on the choice chamber
3. Place 5 isopods into each side of the choice chamber
4. Collect data over a 10 minute period of time

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The color in the choice chamber did affect how many isopods were on each side. To prove this, when looking at the error bars one can see that they do not overlap. This showing that there is statistically a difference within the data. To add on, the 2SEM for both black and orange paper data is .82. This shows that the erorr bars were small which is what caused them not to overlap. Also, because .82 is such a small 2SEM, it shows that the data didn't fluctuate and had relatively accurate data. When putting this together, one can see that the reason the isopods preffered the side with the orange paper is because orange is considered a dark color, and isopods like the dark. Although black is obviously darker than orange, the orange simulates the color when sun shines through their enviroments which is more realistic to them.

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Null: No, the amount of Nitrate (NO-2) Ion concentration will not affect the growth of the duckweed.
Alternative: Yes, the amount of Nitrate (NO-2 Ion concentration will affect the growth of the duckweed.

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Independent Variable: Amount of nitrate in g/L
Dependent Variable: The growth in the duckweed
Constants: Light, temperature, placement, miracle growth/same fertalizer

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- Petrie dishes
- Miracle growth
- Duckweed
- Measuring cylinder
- Place to organize data

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- Set up patrie dishes with 20Ml of solution in each seperate one
- Put 10 duckweed in each petrie dish
- Put the petrie dishes up on windowsill
- Set up data table

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How does Nitrate(NO-2) Ion concentration affect the growth of duckweed?

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How does Nitrate(NO-2) Ion concentration affect the growth of duckweed?

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The amount of nitrate(NO-2) Ion concentration did affect the amount of duckweed that grew in the petrie dishes. To prove this, when looking at the averages shown in the bar graph, one can see that the highest average occurs in the petrie dish with 1.5. The average population of the petrie dish being 34. However one can see that the average population in the other petrie dishes did not even ever go over 30. This shows that the amount of nitrate had an affect on the growth of duckweed because the largest amount of nitrate caused the most growth. Another piece of evidence that supports my claim is the error bars. The error bar for the petrie dish with 0 nitrate does not overlap with any of the petrie dishes with nitrates error bars. This piece of evidence shows that the amount of nitrate had an affect on the amount of duckweed growth because error bars overlapping means there is a signifigant amount of difference in the data, meaning that the nitrate had a signifigant difference on the growth of the duckweed.

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Does the amount of light affect the amount of photosynthesis?

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Does the amount of light affect the amount of photosynthesis?

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Null- No, the light does not play any affect on the amount of photosynthesis.
Alternative- Yes, the amount of light does have an affect on the amount of photosynthesis occuring.

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Independent- The amount of light
Dependent- The amount of photosynthesis
Constants- 100ml water, 10 chads, bowl sizes and cup sizes, type of leaf, 12 minutes

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- water
- chads
- syringe
- bowl with water
- cup for chads and water
- light

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1. Place the chads into the syringe with a bit of water
2. Pull the air out of the syringe until the chads sink
3. Place the chads into the bowl of water
4. Place the bowl of chads and water under light source (if using light), and then place the bowl of water over it(or a basket to cover it from light)
5. Start the 12 minutes and record data

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The amount of light increased the amount of photosynthesis that occured. One example is that the classes average for full light was significantly different from the average for no light. There was an average of 3.1 chads that rose when placed under full lght, and an average of 0.1 chads when placed under no light. This shows that the amount of light increased the amount of photosynthesis that happened because the more light that was shined onto the chads resulted in more chads to rise, which means that oxygen was coming back to the chads. This all together means that photosynthesis was occuring. Also, as one can see in the graph the full light line appears to have a larger slope compared to the partial and no light lines. One knows this because the line as steeper, and it ends up at a higher number than the rest at the end of 12 minutes. This shows that there was an increase in photosynthesis when there was more light because the graph is a representation of how more chads rose when given more light. Which all together means that there was more photosynthesis when there was more light present because the chads rose from the oxygen being brought out of them from the photosynthesis.

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How does solute concentration affect water movement in potato cells?

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How does solute concentration affect water movement in potato cells?

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Null: Solute concentration does not affect water movement.
Alternative: Solute concentration affects the direction and rate of the water movement.

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Independent Variable: Solute Concentration
Dependent Variable: % of mass change
Constants: time, potato size+shape, 25ml water

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- mini cups
- potatoes
- water with solute concentration
- scale

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1. weigh potatoes
2. soak in water
3. wait 24 hours
4. weigh potatoes
5. calculate % mass change

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The amount of solute conentration affects the direction and rate of the water movement in potato cells. One piece of evidence for this is in the classes percentage changes. As seen in the table, the change in mass number start decreasing more and more as the solute concentration increases.

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How long does each phase of mitosis take in onion root tip cells?

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How long does each phase of mitosis take in onion root tip cells?

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1. The number of the cells we identify in each phase is proportional to the time it takes to complete that phase.
2. The total time to complete the cell cycle is 1440 minutes.

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Interphase is the longest phase for cells to get through in the proccess of mitosis. As seen in the data collected by the two classes, 490 out of the 887 cells were seen to be in interphase. This is about 55% of all of the cells. This can be seen better in the circular graph, which shows the blue portion, interphase, to be taking up more than half of the circle. The other phases, however, are split almost evenly throughout the rest of this circle. It also shows 55% of mitosis being interphase. Therefore, when taking all of this evidence into consideration one can see that the majority of cells in mitosis are in interphase. This is because interphase is where all the preperation for cell division takes place. It is important for this proccess to run longer so cell division can happen properly to provide more healthy, and functional cells to organisms.