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In april 2012 it went loose and knocked off 3 cars. You can see this accident in the video.

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8 Канал.Новосибирск

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22 seconds · Clipped by Евгения · Original video ”Новосибирск.НОВОСТЬ ДНЯ.13 Трамвай-28.08.2015″ by 8 Канал.Новосибирск

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Crazy street dancer - local urban legend

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Crazy street dancer - local urban legend

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НГС - новости Новосибирска

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Александр Ощепков

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«Мне хорошо, я же танцую». Журналист НГС зажгла с уличным танцором — раскрываем тайну городской легенды

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Мужчина рассказал, как его зовут, почему он танцует и что в его жизни самое главное

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The legend of unwary travellers drugged and used as unwilling kidney donors by bands of organ thieves.

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The legend of unwary travellers drugged and used as unwilling kidney donors by bands of organ thieves.

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Drugged travelers awaken in ice-filled bathtubs only to discover one of their kidneys has been harvested by organ thieves.

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Late January 1997 saw the e-mailed warning "Travellers Beware!!" take the Internet by storm. The story went that a well-financed, highly organized gang operating in various major U.S. cities was drugging business travelers and making off with their kidneys to sell on the organ transplant black market. Very scary stuff indeed. Added to the bottom of what appeared to be the original e-mail were further testimonials from others claiming it was also happening in their part of the country.

Breathtakingly frightening, eh? And not a word of truth to it.

The majority of people who had this pass through their hands failed to realize this was but an urban legend, an apocryphal tale told and re-told. Moreover, it was an urban legend that had been around at least since 1991.

As part of the effort to dispel belief in this nonsense, the National Kidney Foundation has asked any individual who claims to have had his or her kidneys illegally removed to step forward and contact them. So far no one's showed up.

Folklorist Jan Harold Brunvand mentions in The Baby Train that he first heard this horrific story in early 1991. Very shortly thereafter he was swamped by it coming in from every direction, told as happening in various large cities. In this earlier incarnation, friends discover the victim either in his blood-soaked hotel bed, on the floor, or propped up against the side of a building. It's only at the hospital that the grim "truth" of the missing organ becomes known.

By 1995-96 a couple of interesting little twists were added to the basic story - the victim was now being left in a bathtub full of ice, the "friends" seemingly disappeared, and the "If you want to live, call 911" message became firmly woven into the fabric of this tale. The traveler was now clearly on his own, his fate solely in his own hands. (A much scarier story that way, don't you think?)

Yet another noteworthy change saw the businessman version of the legend seemingly localize to Las Vegas. No longer told as happening in Your Town, USA, this flavor of the myth appeared to have taken up permanent residence in Sin City, the place where Bad Things Happen To The Unwary (especially "the unwary" who were seen as having deservedly brought it upon themselves, married men intent upon getting up to some play-for-pay hanky-panky). In this "Las Vegas" version, the man was drugged in his hotel room by the very woman he'd brought up there with him, the ubiquitous Vegas hooker.

(A "college student" version appeared on the Internet in May 1996. By the fall of that year it had became tangled around both the University of Texas at Austin's newspaper, the Daily Texan and someone who worked there as an administrative assistant who came to be misidentified as the editor of that paper in this much-forwarded e-mail. See our Organ Nicked: Vegetable page for more about this version and how it came to be associated with Kimm Antell. Or click through the denial from the Daily Texan about its ever having run this story.)

1997 saw the "New Orleans" version kick-start what had previously been stuck in Las Vegas and re-attribute it to a handful of large cities, New Orleans and Houston among them. Changes to the storyline made the victim more sympathetic by casting him as a weary business traveler who'd paused for a well-earned drink at the end of the day only to be slipped a mickey in the hotel bar. No longer furtively bringing a hooker back to his room for extramarital hijinks but instead sitting peaceably in a public place, his fate becomes that much more terrifying in that by implication we can now see this happening to us.

There is no 100% reliable way to pinpoint where an urban legend comes from, what (if any) "true life" event kicks it off. Birth records aren't kept for urban legends, and the pursuit of the debunker boils down to working backwards in an attempt to trace the oft-times tenuous, oft-times non-existent, thread from where it now is back to where it once was.

All of this is by way of introduction to my theory on the origins of this legend. The plot of the 2 April 1991 episode of the TV show Law and Order (titled "Sonata for Solo Organ") featured the theft of a kidney. Law and Order is a story-driven hour-long drama that prides itself in taking its script ideas from real-life contemporary news. In this case, the writer said he'd heard this tale from a friend, and the friend had assured him it came from the pages of a newspaper. Yet no one could find that article.

And then I found the following. These horrific claims made by a Turkish man who'd been brought to Britain to sell a kidney were excerpted from a 8 December 1989 Reuters wire report:

Kurdish Moslem Ahmet Koc, 34, said through an interpreter he had been lured to Britain last year with the promise of a job by Turkish businessmen who told him he would need a medical check.He went to a hospital which he thought was a hotel and allowed himself to be given an injection which he believed was a blood test. When he came round he was told his appendix had been taken out. It was only three days later that he was told his kidney had been removed and transplanted into another patient in the hospital but that he would be paid a lot of money for it.

Well, there's news and there's news.

Far from being a victim, Koc was one of a willing consignment of four Turks who sold a kidney that day. The removals/transplants took place in Britain in 1988, and in January 1989 Koc went on record in Turkey with his tale of organ abduction, likely in an effort to get the organ brokers who'd handled his case into trouble with Turkish authorities. (Which he succeeded in doing - one of the two brothers who'd arranged the sale was charged in January 1989 and sentenced to two years in jail in May of that year as a result of Koc's testimony. Koc received a two-year suspended sentence for his part in the illegal sale.)

Yet it was not until December 1989 that Koc's concocted story about being an unwitting victim became all the rage in the British press for it was then he was called upon by a General Medical Council's disciplinary hearing to testify in England against the doctors involved. His testimony - which included his horrific tale about waking up dazed and confused in a hospital he thought was a hotel - was widely reported at that time.

Justice was eventually served, and Koc's advertisement in a Turkish newspaper offering to sell one of his kidneys came to light. Even so, his story made quite the splash at the time it hit the papers. Consider how you would react to the following, from the 9 December 1989 Daily Telegraph:

Mr. Koc said he was taken to the hospital by two brothers, Ata Nur and Tunc Kunter, who have been described to the hearing as kidney brokers. He said he did not see any doctors or nurses when he arrived because he was taken straight into a lift and shown to a luxurious room with a couch, television, wardrobe and bed. "They drove me to a building which I thought was a hotel. I now know it as the Humana. I had a meal and they (the Kunters) left and I woke up in the morning." A woman "wearing something white like a nurse" came in and after asking him to sign a document returned with a syringe in her hand. "I was told they were going to take some more blood from me," he said. The next thing he knew was when he awoke in a room with bottles on the wall fixed with cables and he had a very wide bandage around his waist, which was painful.

The residue of this December 1989 media splash might well have been what the Law and Order writer's friend remembered. It might also have been what kicked off the story of the unwary traveler, the one about a fella who was lured back to his hotel room and the next day woke up with one less kidney than when he'd started out. Certainly this media circus would have at least set in place the major themes of the legend: the unknowing victim, the hotel room, the waking up in confusion and pain the next day. It takes but little re-working of the details to turn it into a quite recognizable early form of this legend.

As mentioned earlier, the legend has changed from its early days and now includes such up-to-date frills as instructions to call 911 and e-mail exhortations to immediately pass this warning along. It's the panic nature of scarelore that speeds it along at such a breathtaking rate - though a story about a dog and peanut butter might shock one into wondering what this world is coming to, it just doesn't bring with it the same compelling incentive to protect those you care about by getting this information to them right away. As such, dog-and-peanut-butter stories get told (or e-mailed) when one has the time . . . whereas when it's scarelore one makes the time.

This panic-stricken reaction takes its toll, and the 1997 New Orleans romp through cyberspace well demonstrates it. The New Orleans Police Department received more than a hundred calls about this legend. To combat the misinformation they put up a web page specifically denying this rumor, and fielding calls about the "crisis" became yet another drain upon their manpower.

It's not just the New Orleans Police Department that was driven crazy by the 1997 outbreak. In 11 February 1997 Houston Chronicle article, John Makeig wrote:

This message, signed by an Austin man identified as an "operations engineering manager," evidently has been sent via faxes and Internet messages to numerous corporations and organizations nationwide. But, said police and firefighters in Houston and New Orleans, it is utter nonsense.

The Austin man, whose name and phone numbers are affixed to the bottom of the "Travelers Beware!" message, would certainly agree. Call his number nowadays and you'll get this recorded message: "If you're calling about the story on the Internet, I did not place it."

The best explanation we can offer as to why this bit of scarelore has gained, and kept, its popularity, has to do with the growing familiarity of the general population with organ transplants. As these procedures have become more a part of the world we live in, so has awareness of the problems associated to them. The stark reality is that there are more people in need of transplantable organs than there are organs to go around. Knowing that, it's reasonable to believe wild stories of kidneys being hijacked from the unwary. Standing in the shoes of someone desperate for this procedure, wouldn't you be willing to pay just about anything to secure what you needed to keep on living? And if you were willing to pay whatever it cost, wouldn't it be reasonable to believe that an entire class of criminals exists just to service this lucrative business?

As many urban legends do, this one plays upon our fears. Fear of travelling to distant cities and thus being out of our element. Fear of being ill and desperate. And, most of all, fear of becoming the victim of random crime. We picture that man waking up in a bathtub filled with ice, and we see ourselves in his place.

It's not a nice picture.

In 1995, India's parliament passed a bill limiting organ donations to close relatives and imposing prison terms of up to seven years for selling an organ. But in Uttar Pradesh and a string of other states where the law has not been ratified by state legislatures, middlemen continue to track poor people in need of quick money and coax them to operating tables. In such instances, these paid donors receive about $1,000, more than a year's salary for a rural Indian laborer. Those receiving the stolen kidneys typically pay about $6,000 to $10,000 for the organ and the transplant operation.

Still, news accounts from India occasionally surface reporting claims that doctors have been arrested for stealing kidneys (either through trickery or force) from unsuspecting citizens. Such claims are difficult to evaluate given the typical lack of any follow-ups in the Western press, but other sources suggest the usual result is that charges are dropped or reduced when investigations determine that the claimants entered into voluntary agreements to sell their kidneys (and later leveled criminal accusations because they regretted their decisions or were disgruntled with the size of the payments they had received).

In May 1998 three surgeons and seven others at the Noida Medicare Center in Uttar Pradesh, India were arrested for tricking indigents out of their kidneys. According to charges made against them, members of this group approached various unemployed men, holding out the promise of jobs and offering to connect them with those doing the hiring. Victims were advised that a medical examination was required; they submitted and then were told something correctable by a small operation had turned up in the exam. During the operation and unknown to the patients, one of their kidneys would be removed for resale. Afterwards, nothing further would come of the job offer.

In January 2008, several people were arrested in the Indian city of Gurgaon for allegedly luring hundreds of laborers to an underground medical facility in that area by promising them jobs, then duping or forcing them into "donating" their kidneys for transplant into wealthy clients. However, police later determined that the primary complainant's kidneys were both intact.

In an episode of the television drama Law & Order ("Sonata for Solo Organ," original air date 2 April 1991, police in Central Park discover a man whose kidney had been removed without his knowledge:

In that same episode, a doctor explains to detectives why a purloined kidney is of no use in the United States:

This legend also shows up as the plot of the 1993 movie The Harvest. You'll also find it in the 1998 Will Christopher Baer novel Kiss Me, Judas, and it makes a gruesome appearance in the 1998 slasher classic Urban Legend. The 2001 film Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back includes a sequence during which one of the lead characters dreams he wakes up in a tub of ice after selling one of his kidneys.

The 6 February 2006 episode of the TV series Las Vegas (titled "Urban Legends") references this legend when Danny and Mike enter one of the Montecito's hotel rooms to discover a man missing a kidney lying in a bathtub full of ice.

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Unwary travellers drugged and used as unwilling kidney donors by bands of organ thieves?

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Association for Psychological Science - APS

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This notion seems firmly rooted in popular culture despite many efforts to debunk it (Hughes, Lyddy, & Lamb, 2013). It was the basis of the movie Lucy (2014), which depicted what supposedly would happen if a person actually used all 100% of her brainpower. It has been used to justify belief in pseudoscientific psychic powers and is a tacit assumption in many self-help programs designed to "unleash" untapped human potential.

Hughes, et al. (2013) found that this misconception (hereafter called the 10% Myth) is one of the most prevalent misconceptions among the public. More concerning is the finding by Dekker et al. (2012) that about 50% of primary and secondary teachers across different cultures also endorse the 10% Myth.

There are a plethora of articles and videos debunking this myth both in popular media and from neuroscientists. What's more, neuroscientists now have tools for creating images and tracking the activity of living, functioning brains. The best known of these are PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scans and fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging). These techniques, which have come into common use in the last 25 years or so, have revolutionized our understanding of brain function. In PET scans, a biologically active radioactive tracer is injected into the subject (for the brain, this is usually a form of glucose). The tracer is metabolized by the brain and in doing so, positrons are emitted. The more active the brain structure, the greater the positron emission. Sensors detect the positrons through gamma radiation and then a computer can construct a three dimensional representation of brain activity based on tracer concentrations.

View the full collection: Busting Myths in Psychological Science

If we only use 10% of our brain, then a PET scan should look like Slide 2 in the accompanying PowerPoint slides. The blue outline is the skull, and the circle of color indicates active brain structures. Most of the brain would be dark because of inactivity. (You are looking down on top of this person's head). But that isn't how the PET scan actually looks. Slide 3 shows an actual scan of a healthy person. The entire brain is constantly active, even in periods of sleep: regulating, monitoring, sensing, interpreting, reasoning, planning, and acting. Even people with degenerative neural disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease still use more than 10% of their brains.

For a good video clip of a neuroscientist debunking the myth, as well as a case study of a man who only has 10% of his brain, see McDonald (2016).
Tracing the Myth's Beginnings
The origin of the 10% Myth is unclear, but some people attribute it to a misunderstanding of a statement in an article by William James (1907). The quote is below:

Most of us feel as if we lived habitually with a sort of cloud weighing on us, below our highest notch of clearness in discernment, sureness in reasoning, or firmness in deciding. Compared with what we ought to be, we are only half awake. Our fires are damped, our drafts are checked. We [p. 323] are making use of only a small part of our possible mental and physical resources.

Note that James is saying we often don't feel fully energized, both physically and mentally. He in no way claims that we only use a small portion of our brain. In fact, he was observing how decorum, social norms, and routine fail to engage all of people's resources. His statement is actually consistent with what we now know about attention and flow states, but James clearly was not claiming that most people perpetually use only 10% of their brainpower.
Related Brain Myths
There are numerous other myths about the brain that you may want to address. These include the following:

People are either left-brained or right-brained

Amnesia involves forgetting who you are

Brain development is finished by puberty

When we sleep, the brain is dormant

Brain damage causes permanent loss of function, especially in elderly people

Brain training increases IQ and slows brain deterioration

Brain function declines significantly in old age

Listening to Mozart or to baroque music helps increase IQ or learning

References
Hughes, S., Lyddy, F., & Lambe, S. (2013). Misconceptions about psychological science: A review, Psychology Learning and Teaching, 12, 20-31. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/plat.2013.12.1.20

MacDonald, F. (2016). This man is missing 90% of his brain yet lives a normal, healthy life. Business Insider. Downloaded from http://www.businessinsider.com/missing-90-percent-of-brain-neuroscience-2016-7

William James (1907). The Energies of Men First published in Science, N.S. 25 (No. 635), 321-332. http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/James/energies.htm
DAY 1: Understanding the Relationship between Brain and Behavior
The starting point of the unit is the 10% Myth itself. Consider assigning Assignment 1 below before the first class and centering the class on discussion of that assignment. This will prepare students to understand how all parts of the brain contribute to behavior.

Begin by showing Slide 1 in the accompanying PowerPoint deck and asking who has heard of the 10% brain myth and what they have heard about its validity.

Show Slides 2 and 3 to show how brain scans reveal how all parts of the brain influence behavior. The online article by McDonald (2016) links to a nice accompanying video of a neuroscientist debunking the myth in more detail. This article also discusses a rare case where a man has only 10% of his brain and it's unknown how he manages to live a fairly normal life.

The stage is now set to discuss various brain structures and their contributions to behavior. Have each member of a group explain what their assigned brain structure does and their answers to the assignment. Have the group decide which brain part they would most and least be willing to lose. You can also go over the major brain structures or the gross features of the brain. Slide 4 contains a concept map of the nervous system that can be shared with students and used to organize the presentations.
DAY 2
The second class meeting can take several different directions. A concept map of the entire topic of brain and behavior is included in the PowerPoint slides. One option is to discuss the lobes of the brain and the function of each, then discuss the structure and function of neurons, including axonal and synaptic transmission. This is a chance to talk about important case studies in neuroscience (e.g. Phineas Gage, H.M., and Clive Wearing), single cell recording techniques as well as advancements in brain scans. A second option is to introduce the evolution of the brain across species and comparative psychology. A third option is to discuss how neuroscience relates to the question of whether or not human free will exists. Assignment 2 (below) is designed to spark this discussion. If something goes wrong in someone's brain, are they really responsible for their actions?
DAY 3
The third class meeting can be for special topics. Discussing the brain can easily segue into a variety of discussions including:

sleep and dreaming, a topic that is always of interest to students;

drug effects at the synapse and different kinds of psychoactive drugs (again, always of interest to students);

split brain research and how it is often misunderstood by the general public;

brain plasticity, especially with regard to children or elderly people, and recovery from injury or disease;

brain training programs to enhance brain function and slow intellectual decline, and the lack of evidence of its effectiveness;

recent research on exercise to maintain brain health;

recent developments on deep brain stimulation and other potential neuroscientific treatments for diseases and disorders; and

research on traumatic brain injury, including recent work on contact sports such as football and boxing and the prevalence of brain injury in war veterans.

Concept Checks
The following formative assessment questions allow both you and the students to gauge their level of understanding of the unit. When using these concept checks, be sure have students respond individually so both you and the students can see how well the class understands the concepts. Then they can discuss as pairs or as a class. There are a variety of high tech (clickers) and low tech (fingers) methods that can be used to administer these concept check questions.
I. Which of the following statements is true?
A. When we are sleeping we only use 10% of our brain, but we use more when we are awake

B. All parts of the brain contribute to our mental life and behavior, so we are always using more than 10% of our brain***

C. Babies are born with only 10% of their brain formed, and it grows rapidly until puberty

D. The average person lives a life of unstimulating routine and habit and only uses about 10% of his or her brain on a regular day.

II. Say a person has brain damage to one of the four lobes of the brain (frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal). Fill in the blanks to show which lobe you suspect is damaged if the person:

A. sees bright flashes of light, even with their eyes closed ____

B. can no longer comprehend the meaning of what people say ____

C. moves his or her arms around without being aware of it until seeing it ____

D. has developed paralysis in their leg and has trouble standing ____
Answers: A., occipital; B, temporal; C., parietal; D, frontal III. Damage to the amygdala is mostly likely going to make a person
A. forgetful

B. fearless

C. hungry

D. deaf

E. paralyzed
IV. You meet a man who can no longer learn new facts. He has ____ amnesia which is probably caused by damage to his ____.
A. anterograde; amygdala

B. anterograde; hippocampus

C. retrograde; amygdala

D. retrograde; hippocampus
Assignment 1 Brain and Behavior
Everyone is susceptible to brain damage through head trauma, a cerebrovascular accident such or stroke, a brain tumor, or other conditions. In this assignment, you will consider the behavioral and mental consequences of damage to a major part of your brain.

You are to imagine that you have sustained a serious brain injury to a particular part of your brain. Then, based on your readings and other resources, you should write a short but complete answer to each of the following questions:

1. What behaviors are associated with that part of the brain, and what are the possible consequences of damage or loss of that part?

2. How would the brain damage affect your life - specifically, how would it alter your current life and your life ambitions?

3. How and to what extent could you compensate for the loss?

In summary, you should describe in detail the behavioral consequences that the damage would have for you.

You will be broken up into groups of six. Each of you will be assigned a brain part. Just count off and see which brain part you get to have damaged. Use the table below.

[table id=3 /]

Read the textbook description of these structures and their function. For additional help, here are some video resources from the "2-minute Neuroscience" on the YouTube channel Neuroscientifically Challenged: You are welcome to use other resources, but you are responsible for the credibility of these sources. Be sure to cite any external sources you use.

[table id=4 /]
(Note to teachers: There is nothing sacred about this set of brain structures or this set of video resources. Feel free to alter either.)
Your written responses are due by class time. On that day, you will explain what you have found with the members of your group. Bring copies to share with them in addition to the copy you will turn in to me.

Your answers should be based on information from credible sources. A good answer will reflect a thorough understanding of concepts, critical reflection and clear, coherent, persuasive arguments. Clarity, organization, and writing style count as well as references and content.
Assignment 2 The Brain, Free Will and Personal Responsibility
The assignment consists of three parts. Read and answer each part in order without reading ahead
Part 1
Consider the following scenario:

Taylor is at a party. When distracted, someone puts a psychoactive drug in Taylor's drink. Although normally easy going, the drug causes Taylor to become loud, aggressive, and violent. Taylor gets into an argument with other partygoers and assaults a couple of them before being subdued. Taylor is arrested, but once the drug wears off Taylor is appalled by the violence and deeply remorseful about the incident.

Should Taylor be arrested and tried for the assault? Why or why not? If yes, would you vote to convict if you were on the jury? Would your feelings be different if you were one of Taylor's victims? If Taylor is convicted, should Taylor be incarcerated for the assault and for how long? Explain your reasoning at each step.

Complete Part 1 before moving on to Part 2.
Part 2
Consider this scenario:

Taylor is normally easy going but over a period of months, becomes progressively more violent and aggressive. Finally, Taylor gets into an argument with other people at a party and assaults a couple of them before being subdued. Taylor is arrested, but a brain scan at the hospital reveals a brain tumor pressing on Taylor's hypothalamus. Once this tumor is removed, Taylor's aggressiveness vanishes. Taylor is appalled by the violence and deeply remorseful about the incident.

Should Taylor be arrested and tried for the assault? Why or why not? If yes, would you vote to convict if you were on the jury? Would your feelings be different if you were one of Taylor's victims? If Taylor is convicted, should Taylor be incarcerated for the assault and for how long? Explain your reasoning at each step.
Part 3
Did you react differently to the two scenarios? How is the first scenario different from the second one, or are they fundamentally the same?

Your answers to these questions bear on key questions of human nature. Do people really have free will or are they bound by their brain activity? It bears on how we view the causes of crime and other kinds of antisocial behavior. It has important implications on the question of personal responsibility in society. Do we always hold people personally responsible for their actions? If not, under what conditions do we excuse them? Can society function in a lawful and orderly way if we do not hold people personal responsible for their behavior? Finally, it has implications for society as a whole. What if we could detect brain structures or genes that make it likely a person will develop destructive behaviors. How should we treat that person?

This scenario is not hypothetical. Brain tumors can cause significant changes in mood and behavior. See these two resources:

And here are case studies of how brain tumors can cause aggressive behaviors:

For Part 3, reflect on your answers to Parts 1 and 2. Did you find a difference between the two scenarios? What do these articles say about our free will and choice? If our brain tells us to do something, can we somehow disregard it? What does this mean for our personal responsibility for our actions? Should "My brain made me do it" be a legitimate reason for all our behavior? How can we decide when we have a choice and when we are victims of our brain?

Write a short essay about these questions. Come prepared to discuss your views in class.
Discussion/Writing Assignment Sports, Concussions, and Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury is a risk in many professions, and usually safety precautions - such as wearing helmets - are taken to minimize the risk. In some conditions, such as military combat, the risk of traumatic brain injury is high despite safety gear. Contact sports, such as American football and boxing, also carry the risk of head injury. In sports, however, participation often starts at an early age and people participate in it for enjoyment. Now questions are being raised about the cost of participating in contact sports in terms of concussions and long-term debilitating brain injury. Is the enjoyment worth the risk, especially for youth?

Complete one of these two assignments:

This is a PBS Frontline documentary on CTE, which is common among former professional football players and is now showing up in former collegiate and even some high school players.

Answer the following questions about the first part:

Mike Webster was the football player whose condition initiated the whole issue of concussions, repeated head trauma, and brain damage caused by football. Describe Mike Webster's life, his football career and the aftermath. Do you think he understood the risks and consequences of playing football for his brain health? Do you think the NFL acted appropriately and in the best interests of the players? Do you think the glory he experienced justified his later deterioration? If you had a child who wanted to play football or some similar contact sport, would you let him or her?

Answer the following questions about the first part:

Nick Buoniconti is an NFL Hall of Fame linebacker who played in the 1970's. This story and video describes his life now. Do you think he understood the risks and consequences of playing football for his brain health? Do you think the glory he experienced justified his later deterioration? He clearly has views on this now, but do you think young football players would think the same way? If you had a child who wanted to play football or some similar contact sport, would you let him or her?

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This will prepare students to understand how all parts of the brain contribute to behavior.

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When you hear "Disney on Ice," you may think of the wildly popular ice shows featuring Mickey and Minnie Mouse and others skating in hockey arenas across the nation. But there's also the disturbing urban legend that Walt Disney's corpse was frozen in a cryonic chamber containing liquid nitrogen to be revived at a later date.

This week 52 years ago, television and radio broadcasts shared the news that Walter Elias Disney had died. The cartoon mogul who created Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck had produced some of Hollywood's greatest hits, dreamed up Disneyland and Disney World, and was one of world's most beloved storytellers. He was 65.

It is hard to pin down exactly when the rumors began. In early 1967, a few weeks after Disney's death on Dec. 15, 1966, a reporter for a tabloid newspaper called The National Spotlite claimed he had snuck into St. Joseph's Hospital in Burbank, directly across the street from the Disney studios and where he was treated during his final illness. As the story went, the reporter disguised himself as an orderly, broke into a storage room, and saw the deceased Disney suspended in a cryogenic metal cylinder!

Some went as far as to claim that his burial spot was a freezer stored underneath the "Pirates of the Caribbean" ride at Disneyland.

In 1969, the French magazine Ici Paris and, later still, The National Tattler in the U.S. advanced the rumors by predicting Disney would be thawed out in 1975. Some went as far as to claim that his burial spot was a freezer stored underneath the "Pirates of the Caribbean" ride at Disneyland. (It's not!)

And then there were several former Disney employees who continued to spread false stories about Disney's supposed "big freeze." During the 1990s, these now discredited legends were codified as "expert quotes" in a couple of less than reliable Disney biographies.

To be sure, Disney was a science fiction fan who looked forward to future advances in science, technology and medicine. His creation of EPCOT, "Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow," (which his brother Roy later slashed into a quasi world's fair), was originally designed to demonstrate how Americans would live, work and survive in the future.

And Disney couldn't help but raise some eyebrows with the last film he produced. Sensing his impending demise, he ordered the cameras to roll as he addressed his department heads one last time. Seated at his famous desk, just like he did during his television show that aired each Sunday evening, a smiling Walt appeared to make laser-beam eye contact with each colleague as he told them what he expected of their performance in the future and that he hoped to see them soon.

Some have speculated that he had read, or heard of, Robert C.W. Ettinger's 1964 book, "The Prospect of Immortality," which synthesized both believable and less likely ideas about cryonics.

That book, and many others like it that appeared long after Disney's death, predicted a day when medical science advanced enough to repair the damage to the once disease-riddled person who was frozen, allowing cryonics experts to thaw them out and bring them back to life.

For the record, there is no solid evidence to suggest that Disney was frozen. The website Snopes.com has produced a superb point-by-point analysis refuting virtually every aspect of the cryogenics and Walt Disney legend. Perhaps the most convincing conclusion comes from Disney's daughter Diane, who wrote in 1972, "There is absolutely no truth that my father, Walt Disney, wished to be frozen. I doubt that my father had ever heard of cryonics."

In truth, Walt Disney was cremated two days after his death and an urn containing his ashes were interred at the family mausoleum in the Forrest Lawn Cemetery of Glendale, California. It was a small, private service attended only by his wife, Lillian, his daughters and their husbands and children.

A chronic smoker, Disney's staff always knew when he was coming down the hall because of his hacking, dry cough. He had been in declining health for much of the last year of his life. Fans of the NBC television show "Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color" began to notice how haggard and exhausted he looked on the air and wrote concerned letters to him about how raspy his voice had become. He was a long-time sufferer of chronic-obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema, as well as severe damage to his cervical spine from falling off a horse while playing in a Hollywood polo tournament in the 1930s.

In early November of 1966, Disney began to complain of severe neck and leg pain that interfered with his legendary ability to work and create. A chest X-ray uncovered a tumor the size of a walnut in his left lung and oncological surgeons recommended the immediate removal of a large portion of his left lung.

He cleared the most pressing things on his desk and returned to St. Joseph's for surgery on Nov. 6. The surgeons found the tumor to be consistent with bronchogenic cancer. Disney's concern about this extensive surgery was how short of breath he was, but the real problem was that the lung cancer had already spread widely to his lymph nodes and elsewhere in his body.

Who among us wouldn't want to fantasize about the day he magically came back to life?

The always energetic man struggled to go back to the Disney studios after the operation, but the chemotherapy and cobalt X-ray treatments drained him of both his creative and physical powers. He was rushed back to St. Joseph's Hospital two weeks later and died of "circulatory collapse" on the morning of Dec. 15.

When contemplating his near-Himalayan shadow over popular culture, it's not hard to imagine why a "Disney on Ice" legend is so appealing. Americans never stopped loving good old Uncle Walt and all those wonderful stories, songs, and characters he introduced to the world. Our children and their children continue to thrill to the always familiar yet constantly expanding magical oeuvre that is Disney. Who among us wouldn't want to fantasize about the day he magically came back to life?

Alas, that's the most unlikely event ever to be dreamed up at the Disney dream factories.

Editor's Note: St. Joseph's Hospital was incorrectly listed as being located in Anaheim, California; it is located in Burbank.

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