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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_RLIzAn3jc

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False Bay Hospital Staff do the Jerusalema Dance Challenge

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‌During the covid pandemic a song was released titled Jerusalema by Master KG. The song became a worldwide hit. Covid was a very depressing and stressful time for everyone but this song and a dance that goes with it lifted the spirits of many people. Such so, that it was a requirement of many South African organisations and companies to do the Jerusalema dance every week during covid. Some people were not happy about this because they were scared of the increased risk of infection when dancing near to so many people as Covid is airborne.

Staff, R. (2020, September 24). South African hit “Jerusalema” inspires people worldwide to shake off COVID-19 blues. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-safrica-heritage-dance-idUKKCN26F2KW

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Master KG - Jerusalema  [Feat. Nomcebo] (Official Music Video)

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Many South Africans come from underprivileged backgrounds.  Soccer is one of the ways that underprivileged South Africans try to keep fit and healthy despite not having appropriate access to basic needs. Soccer can help prevent cardiovascular disease and improve BMI and the respiratory system.

Luo, H., Newton, R. U., Fadi Ma’ayah, Galvão, D. A., & Taaffe, D. R. (2018). Recreational soccer as sport medicine for middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 4(1), e000336–e000336. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000336

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Global Living. (2023). Using soccer to help vulnerable children in Africa.https://www.globalgiving.org/projects/soccer-academy-south-africa-vulnerable-children/

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Igwe, L. (2021). Will South Africans Rally Against Witch Persecution and Muti Murders?. https://www.zammagazine.com/politics-op 

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The photo shows a variety of different types of muti. Muti is very popular South African traditional medicine. To acquire muti, you would usually need to see a sangoma. Muti can consist of animal hides, bones, barks, leaves, vegetables, flowers and a variety of other substances. They can assist with ones spirituals needs or improve ones health such as to ensure that infants maintain health, relieve constipation or aid with hypertension. Over the years there has been a lot of negativity associated with muti especially since people were murdered for their body parts to use as muti.

SABC News. (2023). Traditional healers concerned about muti-linked killings . https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/traditional-healers-concerned-about-muti-linked-killings

Dlisani, P.B; Bhat, R.B (2008).Traditional Health Practices in Transkei with Special Emphasis on Maternal and Child Health. Pharmaceutical Biology. 37: 32–36. doi:10.1076/phbi.37.1.32.6316.

SA History. (2019). Indigenous medicine and traditional healing .https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/indigenous-medicine-and-traditional-healing

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The above cave painting is from the Drakensburg. This this in Kwa-Zulu Natal which is the province I’m from. From my experience, a lot of the cave paintings depict events of that took place for the bushmen. It may include paintings that tell the story of hunting, war, drought or spiritual healing. Many of the paintings include animals such as eland and buck. Both of which are really lean and healthy meats.

Antbear Lodge. (2021). Drakensberg Bushman Rock Art. https://antbear.com/drakensberg-bushman-rock-art/‌

SA History, (2023). Rock art as an expression of hunter-gatherer society and world-view. https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/rock-art-expression-hunter-gatherer-society-and-world-view

My Fitness Pal. (2023). Wild Eland Calories, Carbs & Nutrition Facts. https://www.myfitnesspal.com/food/calories/wild-eland-194180778

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Amarachi Irobi. (2022). Potjiekos (Afrikaans stew on the fire) - African Food Network. African Food Network. https://afrifoodnetwork.com/recipes/main-

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Potjiekos is essentially a stew cooked in a cast iron pot with various meats and vegetables on an open fire. This used to play a major role in my diet in my bodybuilding days as I could lean out quickly without losing any muscle. It contains water, salt, spices, 1-2kgs of a lean meat and 1-2kgs of vegetables. The combination of vegetables and meat makes this a high-protein, high-fiber and high-nutrient meal ideal for maintaining good health.

FitChef. (2023).Ostrich Potjie | Low Carb Meals | High In Fibre. . Fitchef.co.za. https://orders.fitchef.co.za/customer/menu/product/ostrich-potjie-with-mixed-veg/info

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South Africa Tours and Travel. (2023). The Magic of Pot Food “Potjiekos” in South Africa. https://www.south-africa-tours-and-travel.com/pot-food.html

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In South Africa, we have many types of traditional healers. In my city, they are known as Sangomas as most people are of Zulu origin. The above video shows a Sangoma dancing to call their ancestors to help them help the afflicted individual. They may help you with a variety of issues such as illness or other personal concerns. You do not have to be of Zulu descent to visit a Sangoma as a few of my friends have done so in the past. It is unfortunate, though, that many people associate Sangomas with black magic.

BBC New. (2013). Dance of South African traditional healers.  . https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-22312480

SA History. (2019). Indigenous medicine and traditional healing. https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/indigenous-medicine-and-traditional-healing

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Thabiso Siswana, 24, is a traditional healer in South Africa, known as a sangoma.

Sangomas have a profound history in African culture dating back thousands of years; they were seen as custodians and were consulted by villagers to heal the sick, communicate with the gods and their behalf and to protect villages from harm.

Traditional healers believe you are chosen by the ancestors to be their vessel, this is known as ubizo in Zulu which means "the calling".

They believe they are able to access advice and guidance from the ancestors for their patients through possession by an ancestor, or channelling, throwing bones, or by interpreting dreams.

Here, Ms Siswana and another sangoma call out to their ancestors in the form of a dance.

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Dance of South African traditional healers

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Thabiso Siswana, 24, is a traditional healer in South Africa, known as a sangoma.

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Potential Illnesses of Sudanese Refugees

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Potential Illnesses of Sudanese Refugees

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Sudan has a high malaria infection rate. Malaria can be cured by the administration of Artemisinin-based combination therapies(ACT’s) such as Riamet, which destroys the malaria parasite.

There are also a number of refugees who could have AIDS.  Unfortunately, there is no cure, however a variety of antiretroviral medications such as NRTI’s, NNRTI’s, Pl’s and INSTI’s can prevent replication and help the immune system.

Sudanese individuals may also present with tuberculosis. They may be prescribed isoniazid which can cure TB over an extended period, usually close to a year. It works by preventing bacterial growth associated with the illness.

WHO. (2023). UNHCR, WHO warn of deteriorating health conditions as 1200 children die of suspected measles, malnutrition in Sudan. https://www.who.int/news/item/19-09-2023-unhcr--who-warn-of-deteriorating-health-conditions-as-1-200-children-die-of-suspected-measles--malnutrition-in-sudan#:~:text=The%20high%20prevalence%20of%20malnutrition,most%20frequent%20illnesses%20among%20children.

WHO. (2022). Malaria.  https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/malaria?gclid=CjwKCAjw69moBhBgEiwAUFCx2EcOZ9yj5GwA8XmfAxiToxwT9r61kC4tA1_m945Zhi-9VPQL1e1FoRoCLtYQAvD_BwE

Australian Refugee Health. (2015). Malaria. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/malaria/

Community Foundation. (2023).‌ HIV awareness, prevention and care in Yirol, South Sudan. https://communityfoundation.org.au/making-a-difference/projects/hiv-awareness-prevention-and-care-in-yirol-south-sudan

Australian Refugee Health. (2013). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/hiv/

ACT Health. (2020). ACT health community profile: Sudan. https://www.health.act.gov.au/sites/default/files/2018-10/ACTH%20Community%20Profile_Sudan.pdf

Australian Refugee Health. (2013). Tuberculosis Refugeehealthguide.org.au. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/tuberculosis-tb/

MIMS. (2020). Riamet. https://www.nps.org.au/assets/medicines/5574ec8d-13e5-41f1-9ce7-a53300ff0380.pdf

Antiretroviral drugs . (2019). HIV Management Guidelines. https://hivmanagement.ashm.org.au/antiretroviral-drugs/

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MIMS. (2020). Isoniazid. https://www.nps.org.au/assets/medicines/dfd0d41f-3a0e-48a2-ba7a-a53300fece87.pdf

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Impact of social determinants of health on refugees in Australia.

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Impact of social determinants of health on refugees in Australia.

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Education

A number of migrants have low levels of education. This is because some come from underdeveloped countries. The lack of education inhibits their ability to care for themselves and maintain good health because some are incapable of effectively interpreting information on health. This prevents them from making informed decisions about their health.

Unemployment

Employment may be very difficult for refugees to obtain. With little education and low levels of English, the only work that others may see them fit for would be jobs that involve physical labor. With high levels of education, an individual working a job they are overqualified for may develop mental illness due to a decline in self-respect. Another factor to consider is the high level of racism in Australia further decreases the possibility of employment.

Income

As mentioned above, refugees may have minimum education and may be unemployed. These 2 factors will prevent refugees from acquiring an income and remaining in poverty which has its own set of challenges. With no stable form of income, there will be little to no money to set aside for health care. Low levels of income can also lead to depression, distress and other forms of mental illness.

WHO. (2022). Refugee and migrant health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/refugee-and-migrant-health

Hynie, M. (2017). The Social Determinants of Refugee Mental Health in the Post-Migration Context: A Critical Review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 63(5), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743717746666

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AIHW . (2016). https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/11ada76c-0572-4d01-93f4-d96ac6008a95/ah16-4-1-social-determinants-health.pdf.aspx#:~:text=Educational%20attainment%20is%20associated%20with

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Migrant & Refugee.(2019). Culturally responsive clinical practice: Working with people from migrant and refugee backgrounds. 

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An important competency standard for nurses.

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An important competency standard for nurses.

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The most important principle to me was 12.3. I will apply this principle by asking the individual what their preferences are and involving them in the decision-making process. I will provide them with as much information as possible so they can make a well-informed choice. Having experience working with people from diverse backgrounds, I know that everyone should be treated equally which includes providing them with the same level of care as a non-refugee. To ensure I provide a high-quality of care to refugees, I must be an effective communicator. This may require me to educate myself in their basic native tongue. Good communication will also enable me to determine what can be offensive and what they consider good health to be. When providing care to refugees I will gather relevant information on the patient and the procedure to ensure that care received is done in a professional and safe manner.

Migrant & Refugee.(2019). Culturally responsive clinical practice: Working with people from migrant and refugee backgrounds.

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Health to me means being able to live life without any physical or mental issues and not worrying about future health concerns. Good health also means being able to go about my day free of illness and disease without the use of any unnatural substances. I do not need to be scared about contracting any infectious illnesses and even if I do, I know that I will be able to recover quickly which decreases the possibility of anyone else being infected. A high standard of health also means that I can physically achieve what the average person cannot. This means being able to endure longer bouts of physical activity and more vigorous activities while being able to heal much faster than a normal person. In situations where I do not have access to sufficient food, water, shelter and sleep,  I know that my body can withstand theses challenges.