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In the 1880s, as colonial powers attempted to increase their spheres of influence in Africa, tensions began to grow between European nations including Britain, Belgium and France. In 1884 the German Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, brought together many of Europe's leading statesmen to discuss trade and colonial activities in Africa. Although the original purpose of the summit was to settle the question of territorial rights in West Africa, negotiations eventually dealt with the entire continent. The conference was part of the process known as the Scramble for Africa, and the decisions reached at it had effects which have lasted to the present day. The conference is commonly seen as one of the most significant events of the so-called Scramble for Africa; in the following decades, European nations laid claim to most of the continent.

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Group 1: Africa before and after Berlin Conference - CLASS

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Group 1: Africa before and after Berlin Conference - CLASS

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Which European countries joined the Berlin Conference?

How many Africans were represented in the Berlin Conference?

What motivated Germany to organise the Berlin Conference?

How did European Empires divide Africa among themselves?

Which empire gained which part of Africa?

How did the Europeans justify the Scramble for Africa?

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Which resources were important to European Empires in 1900?

Which regions in Africa do you think Europeans most desired? Why?

Compare this map with the map of Africa in 1913 (from Group 1). Which empire had access to what resources?

How did the Europeans benefit from Africa's resources in their imperial rivalries?

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Answer the following questions for Henry Morton Stanley and David Livingstone.

Where were they from?

What motivated their trip to Africa?

Who sponsored their trip?

Which parts of Africa did they 'explore'?

What did their 'explorations' lead to?

HENRY MORTON STANLEY

ISHAAK

HANEEN

MARY

DAVID LIVINGSTONE

SAMA

SARAH

DIANA

MERYEM

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What is the 'Sleeping Sickness'?

What is the man sleeping under a tree representing about the American perception of Africa?

What is England doing in its African territories?

How is French colonisation of Africa depicted?

What does the tree and the man with the whip represent about Belgium?

Why are Turkey and Italy shooting cannons at each other?

Is the tone of this cartoon imperialist or anti-imperialist? Why?

FARVEZ

DANELLA

JESSICA

JANA

HELEN

BATOUL