# data[].attributes.body
A clipping mask is a group of layers to which a mask is applied. The bottommost layer, or base layer, defines the visible boundaries of the entire group.

# data[].attributes.body
The Transform feature allows users to alter their object or selection in a variety of ways, such as scale, rotate, distort, or flip (mirror).

# data[].attributes.body
Kerning is the spacing between individual letters or characters. Unlike tracking, which adjusts the amount of space between the letters of an entire word in equal increments, kerning is focused on how type looks — creating readable text that's visually pleasing.

# data[].attributes.body
The vertical space between lines of type is called leading. Leading is measured from the baseline of one line of text to the baseline of the line above it. Baseline is the invisible line on which most letters—that is, those without descenders—sit.

# data[].attributes.body
Tracking is the process of loosening or tightening a block of text.

# data[].attributes.body
With the Select and Mask screen open, the toolbar on the left side of the screen changes to a new set of tools. These tools are designed to assist users in defining and refining the selected portion of the canvas.

# data[].attributes.body
The Sharpen tool focuses soft edges in a photo to increase clarity or focus.

# data[].attributes.body
The Blur tool allows you to paint blur effect on specific areas of an image.

# data[].attributes.body
The Burn tool darkens areas of an image. The more you paint over an area with the Burn tool, the darker it becomes.

# data[].attributes.body
The Dodge tool allows you to lighten specific areas of your image without affecting hue or saturation.

# data[].attributes.body
The Sponge tool subtly changes the color saturation of an area.

# data[].attributes.body
The Smudge tool is a Photoshop feature that allows you to mix or blend the content in an area of your image.

# data[].attributes.body
The Crop tool allows you to select an area of a photo and remove or crop everything outside the selected area.

# data[].attributes.body
The Straighten tool is designed for ease of use: You draw it across a line that's supposed to be straight, and then Photoshop will do the actual straightening for you.

# data[].attributes.body
The Paint Bucket tool Mode setting allows you to create more advanced color fills for interesting effects and a higher degree of control. Choose from toolbar options like Darken, Multiple, Color Dodge, and more to create different effects.

# data[].attributes.body
The Gradient tool allows you to create gradual changes of color and light across an image with power and precision.

# data[].attributes.body
The Horizontal Type tool allows you to add horizontal text to your images.

# data[].attributes.body
Click the magnifying glass in the toolbar to access the Zoom tool, and then click on the specific area you want to zoom in on.

# data[].attributes.body
Click the magnifying glass in the toolbar to access the Zoom tool, and then click on the specific area you want to zoom in on.

# data[].attributes.body
The Brush tool allows you to paint on any layer, much like a real paintbrush.

# data[].attributes.body
enables you to create selections of rectangular shapes, but there is a related tool called the elliptical marquee tool, that enables you to create selections that, of course, have elliptical or even circular shapes.

# data[].attributes.body
allows you to quickly and easily select one area or section of an image.

# data[].attributes.body
The Polygonal Lasso Tool creates selections with straight edges. It is perfect for selecting objects like buildings and products.

# data[].attributes.body
The Magic Wand tool automatically selects an object or area of your image, using machine learning to discern what you might be trying to select.

# data[].attributes.body
The Lasso tool is helpful for drawing a free-form border around a selected object within an image. It allows you to soften the edges of your selection or add a feathering effect; it's also useful for anti-aliasing.

# data[].attributes.body
This is the part of the image you want to keep, and paint over Distractions and blemishes. Th

# data[].attributes.body
The Spot Healing Brush tool magically removes unwanted spots, marks, or small objects in your image.

# data[].attributes.body
Similar to the Clone Stamp tool, the Healing Brush tool also allows you to paint a sampled area over another part of an image.

# data[].attributes.body
he Patch Tool is like a giant healing brush, use it to remove large blemishes from photos.

# data[].attributes.body
The move tool allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys.

# data[].attributes.body
Contrast is the range of brightness, from lightest to darkest, in an image.

# data[].attributes.body
Specifically, vibrance boosts colors that are more muted. And it mostly ignores warmer colors (yellows, oranges, and reds), while prioritizing cooler colors (blues and greens).

# data[].attributes.body
Hue refers to the dominant wavelength of light that the human eye interprets as color, but you can think of it as the basic color on the color wheel.

# data[].attributes.body
Color balance changes the overall mixture of colors in an image and is used for color correction.

# data[].attributes.body
Saturation describes the intensity of the color. And lightness refers to how light or dark the color is.

# data[].attributes.body
A scrim is a material placed between your light source and your subject that either reduces light or diffuses (and reduces) light.

# data[].attributes.body
A reflector is a photography tool used to redirect light to a subject or scene. It doesn't create light; rather, it redirects light that is already there. A reflector is good for creating fill light or lessening shadows.

# data[].attributes.body
use a smaller area to form the image than traditional 35 mm cameras,

# data[].attributes.body
A full frame digital camera is one that has an image sensor that is the same size as a standard 35mm film frame.

# data[].attributes.body
he crop factor is sometimes referred to as "magnification factor", "focal length factor" or "focal length multiplier".

# data[].attributes.body
Layer masking is a nondestructive way to hide parts of an image or layer without erasing them.

# data[].attributes.body
every change you make to a video or photo after you download the RAW file to your computer.

# data[].attributes.body
A thumbnail is a small image representation of a larger image, usually intended to make it easier and faster to look at or manage a group of larger images.

# data[].attributes.body
Photo metadata is the information and specific details concerning a particular image file

# data[].attributes.body
is a digital camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a solid-state image sensor and digitally records the images from the sensor.

# data[].attributes.body
Vibration isolation is a commonly used technique for reducing or suppressing unwanted vibrations in structures and machines

# data[].attributes.body
a very wide-angle lens with a field of vision covering up to 180°, the scale being reduced toward the edges.

# data[].attributes.body
a lens with a longer focal length than standard, giving a narrow field of view and a magnified image.

# data[].attributes.body
a lens of fixed focal length.

# data[].attributes.body
a lens suitable for taking photographs unusually close to the subject.

# data[].attributes.body
The last hour before sunset and the first hour after sunrise

# data[].attributes.body
that moment just before sunrise or after sunset when the sun dips below the horizon.

# data[].attributes.body
Triadic color combinations are made from choosing three colors that are equidistant from each other on the color wheel, thereby creating a triangle. A triadic color combination could be the pairing of the primary colors: red, blue, and yellow.

# data[].attributes.body
A double exposure is a photograph composed of two combined and overlaid images.

# data[].attributes.body
(HDR) images enable photographers to record a greater range of tonal detail than a camera could capture in a single photo.

# data[].attributes.body
PSD stands for Photoshop Document, which is an image format that supports layers of graphics in a single file. It is mostly used for working with layers of graphics and saving the projects that can extend up to 2 gigabytes in file size.

# data[].attributes.body
Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) files are one of the most common ways to store digital photos. Many modern cameras use them to shoot and store images. JPEGs go through a compression process to significantly reduce the image file size — making them easier to store and load on webpages.

# data[].attributes.body
PNG is short for Portable Network Graphic, a type of raster image file.

# data[].attributes.body
RAW files contain uncompressed and unprocessed image data, allowing photographers to capture practically every detail they see in their viewfinder. The RAW file format stores the largest amount of detail out of any raster file type, which photographers can then edit, compress, and convert into other formats.

# data[].attributes.body
SD files are the native file format of Adobe Photoshop. You've probably seen files with the . psd extension format, especially if you've been an Adobe Photoshop user. Most commonly used by designers and artists, Photoshop Documents are powerful tools for image data storage and creation.

# data[].attributes.body
SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

# data[].attributes.body
PPI (Pixels per Inch) refers to the number of pixels that make up every inch of a digital image. It's used to describe image resolution on a screen, rather than in print. DPI, meanwhile, refers to number of dots in every inch and is generally used for print purposes.

# data[].attributes.body
Resolution is the number of image pixels assigned to each inch when an image is printed -

# data[].attributes.body
The aspect ratio is the proportional relationship between an image's width and height.

# data[].attributes.body
The Crop tool removes the part of an image surrounding the selection. Crop to remove distractive background elements and create a focus on your desired object in the image. When you crop an image, by default, the resolution remains the same as the original image.

# data[].attributes.body
a horizontal menu at the top of the main Photoshop window that lets you customize a tool

# data[].attributes.body
This is where you'll access different commands to use in Photoshop. For example, from the File menu, you can open and save files. The Image menu allows you to make various adjustments like image size, while the Filter menu gives you access to more advanced tools and effects.

# data[].attributes.body
groups of tools used to edit and manipulate your image

# data[].attributes.body
(in a program with a graphical user interface) a strip of icons used to perform certain functions.

# data[].attributes.body
Workspace Switcher displays a visual representation of your workspaces, as shown in Figure 4–3. Figure 4–3 shows the Workspace Switcher when the Java Desktop System session contains four workspaces.

# data[].attributes.body
It can be used to help achieve accurate colors in photos, regardless of the lighting conditions.

# data[].attributes.body
Exposure compensation basically helps you override automatic exposure adjustments your camera makes in situations with uneven light distribution, filters, non-standard processing, or underexposure or overexposure. It lets you take control of your image's brightness by manually increasing or decreasing exposure.

# data[].attributes.body
the exposure level indicator shows how much your set exposure values deviate from the levels the camera believes are optimal, which always reside at the standard exposure index.

# data[].attributes.body
when you bracket your shots you take exactly the same picture of your subject at several different exposures.

# data[].attributes.body
Autofocus points are what the camera uses to focus on a subject. You'll probably first notice them when you press the shutter halfway. Many cameras will emit a beep, and some of the AF points will light up—often in red or green—in the viewfinder or on the display screen.

# data[].attributes.body
Sepia tone is a form of print toning in photography and the warm colors that are produced by a specific chemical process in developing.

# data[].attributes.body
When adjusting the Midtones you affect the values mid-way between shadow and highlight.

# data[].attributes.body
Highlights consist of the brightest areas, shadows consist of the darkest, and midtones lie in between the two.

# data[].attributes.body
A medium tone, one that is neither very dark nor very light.

# data[].attributes.body
a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

# data[].attributes.body
Centre-weighted average metering concentrates the metering on the central part of the viewfinder but also takes the rest of the frame into consideration.

# data[].attributes.body
the mostly used automatic metering mode in everyday photography and can be applied in most shooting scenarios.

# data[].attributes.body
covers only the centre 6.2% of the frame in the viewfinder, thus providing precise metering only for the subject.

# data[].attributes.body
allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline.

# data[].attributes.body
a shooting mode in still cameras where several photos are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

# data[].attributes.body
Panning is a photographic technique that combines a slow shutter speed with camera motion to create a sense of speed around a moving object.

# data[].attributes.body
Light painting is the art of creating photos by setting long exposure times on a camera and using a moving light source to “paint.”

# data[].attributes.body
time-lapse photography. noun. photographing of a slow and continuous process at regular intervals, for projection at a higher speed

# data[].attributes.body
Long exposure photography is the name given to the technique in which the camera's shutter is left open during a somewhat lengthy period of time

# data[].attributes.body
Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

# data[].attributes.body
Much of the rest of the design is similar across both accessories. Both are height adjustable, for example. And both often use quick-release plates for easily adding and removing your camera.

# data[].attributes.body
In photography, motion blur is the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect.

# data[].attributes.body
Bulb Mode is an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds.

# data[].attributes.body
It's the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure — the amount of light the camera takes in — and a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a longer exposure.

# data[].attributes.body
the photographer selects a specific aperture value and the camera autoselects the proper shutter speed based on how much light it detects.

# data[].attributes.body
a shooting mode whereby the photographer sets the shutter speed, while the camera automatically sets the Aperture.

# data[].attributes.body
Manual mode means you're in charge of adjusting aperture — one of photography's most important elements.

# data[].attributes.body
Program mode is the mode that is almost still like auto, but you can change where the camera sits the two principle settings, aperture and shutter speed.

# data[].attributes.body
Auto mode works exactly the way it sounds: It gives your camera complete control over its various settings, including the ISO, the aperture, the shutter speed, the autofocus mode, and even the flash.

# data[].attributes.body
the effect of a soft out-of-focus background that you get when shooting a subject, using a fast lens, at the widest aperture, such as f/2.8 or wider.”