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https://youtu.be/bZiWZJgJT7I?si=teip5AscbYo_HyXd

Johne Locke believed that a man is born as blank state or tabula rasa, meaning we have no any ideas or knowledge. Our knowledge comes from experience, he said that humans are free, equal, and independent, and we all have rights to live. Locke rejected the idea of kings ruling by divine right and he believe that governments only exist because of people consent. If goverment fails to protect our rights, he said that people have the rights to change and decide for new goverment. He also said that faith should be a choice, not something forced by a state.

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Socrates believed that the essence of a person is not in the body but in the soul. The greatest pursuit in life is to give care to our soul to leads it to true happiness. He prioritized that virtue is knowledge and guiding everyone toward right action, while ignorance leads to wrongdoing. He famously declared, "The unexamined life is not worth living." From what he declared this highlights the importance of self-reflection and questioning one's values to find a life of true purpose. For Socrates, a life of virtue is the path to eudaimonia.

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Rene Descartes believed that man is composed of two substances which is mind and body. According to him, these 2 substances are interacted through pineal gland. Also, he declared "I think before I am" to prove the existence through mind. The mind is the essence of a person while the body operates a machine.

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“The measure of a man is what he does with power.” – Plato ⚖️

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What Lao Tzu Knew About Life That We Forgot

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CH 02: CEC-UGC 02: History, Culture & Philosophy

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Is Human Nature Evil? | David Hume “Of the Dignity or Meanness of Human Nature”

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https://youtu.be/csIW4W_DYX4?si=zGw0RnbaEjX95ROm

Aristotle believed that humans are rational creatures whose purpose is to live with reason and virtue. According to the video, Aristotle says we become good not by thinking alone, but by practicing virtue through action and habit. He believe that living a virtuous life is what leads a man to true happiness (eudaimonia). But a man must actively train himself to choose the balanced virtuous path in all aspects of life.

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Immanuel Kant says that “Act that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in a person of any other, always at the same time as an end and never merely as a means.” Kant believed that rationality, the ability to make decisions and reflect consciously, is uniquely valuable—without it, the universe would be “a waste, in vain, and without purpose.” From these ideas, he concluded that all morality springs from protecting and promoting rational consciousness in each individual.

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The ONE RULE for LIFE - Immanuel Kant's Moral Philosophy - Mark Manson

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What does Friedrich Nietzsche say about man?

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What does Friedrich Nietzsche say about man?

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Friedrich Nietzsche believed that man stands at a crossroads—between the collapse of religious faith and the threat of nihilism, facing a crisis of meaning. He argued that there is no universal, objective truth, stating that “there are no facts, only interpretations,” and saw the pursuit of capital-T truth as misguided. Man, according to Nietzsche, must create his values, and the ideal human—the Übermensch—overcomes suffering through strength, creativity, and self-mastery. He emphasised the process of “self-overcoming” as essential, transforming life's inevitable suffering into personal growth and meaning.

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Becoming Who You Really Are - The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche