# data[].attributes.headline
THE PAYMENTS SECURITY AND CONVENIENCE ON CONSUMER OF MOBILE PAYMENTS IN BAGUIO CITY, PHILIPPINES.

# data[].attributes.subject
THE PAYMENTS SECURITY AND CONVENIENCE ON CONSUMER OF MOBILE PAYMENTS IN BAGUIO CITY, PHILIPPINES.

# data[].attributes.body
Kate Samantha A. Capanpan

Summary: Based on the abstract, The study investigated the payment security and convenience of consumers of mobile payment applications in Baguio City. Specifically, it assessed the level of acceptance of mobile payment applications, compared the acceptance of GCash with other mobile payment platforms, and identified the challenges faced by users of these applications. (ALI, Amir Omar) (2024)

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-polistico -the parents influence their childrens financial habits by acting as a role model and showing behaviors like responsible spending and use of digital tools such as e-wallets. When parents use e-wallets themselves and discuss finances openly, their children are more likely to adopt the same tools and habits -"Financial Literacy Moderation on the Influence of E-Wallet Usage and Locus of Control on Consumtive Behavior of Generation Z in Denpasar City" https://www.researchgate.net/publication/375414047_Financial_Literacy_Moderation_on_the_Influence_of_E-Wallet_Usage_and_Locus_of_Control_on_Consumtive_Behavior_of_Generation_Z_in_Denpasar_City -2023

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The Graduate Students' E-Wallet Adoption Readiness and Behavioral Intentions

# data[].attributes.subject
The Graduate Students' E-Wallet Adoption Readiness and Behavioral Intentions

# data[].attributes.body
Kate Samantha A. Capanpan

Based on the abstract, increasing integration of digital financial services has prompted interest in understanding the factors that influence e-wallet adoption, especially among students in higher education. This study aimed to assess the readiness of graduate students for e-wallet adoption and behavioral intentions at a local university in the Philippines. Specifically, it examined respondents’ readiness along six key factors: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived security, and perceived trust, and their relationship to behavioral intention toward online payments. Bangguiyac, G. I. (2025)

# data[].attributes.body
Questionnaire Survey Preston, V. (n.d.). Questionnaire Survey. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102295-5.10860-1

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
ERROR: The request could not be satisfied

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Applying Mixed Methods Sequential Explanatory Design to Innovation Management

Wipulanusat, W., Panuwatwanich, K., Stewart, R. A., & Sunkpho, J. (2020). Applying Mixed Methods Sequential Explanatory Design to Innovation Management (pp. 485–495). Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1910-9_40

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ERROR: The request could not be satisfied

# data[].attributes.body
Consumer's Intentions Towards E-Wallets in the Philippines: A Systematic Literature Review

Consumer’s Intentions Towards E-Wallets in the Philippines: A Systematic Literature Review. (2024). Journal of International Business Economics and Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.24191//jibe.v9i1.101

# data[].attributes.headline
Factors influencing the intention to use e-wallet among generation Z and millennials in the Philippines: An extended technology acceptance model (TAM) approach NATIONAL 

# data[].attributes.subject
Factors influencing the intention to use e-wallet among generation Z and millennials in the Philippines: An extended technology acceptance model (TAM) approach NATIONAL 

# data[].attributes.body
Zachariah John A. Belmonte,Yogi Tri Prasetyo,Maela Madel L. Cahigas,Reny Nadlifatin,Ma. Janice J. Gumasing 2024

# data[].attributes.headline
A Comprehensive Analysis of E-Wallet Usage INTERNATIONAL

# data[].attributes.subject
A Comprehensive Analysis of E-Wallet Usage INTERNATIONAL

# data[].attributes.body
A Comprehensive Analysis of E-Wallet Usage Among Youth

March 2025

Navya Vincent, Nazneen Badusha, Neha Nasrin P, Ms Siji K B

https://ijarsct.co.in/Paper23992.pdf

# data[].attributes.headline
Mobile payment: Understanding the determinants of customer adoption and intention to recommend the technology

# data[].attributes.subject
Mobile payment: Understanding the determinants of customer adoption and intention to recommend the technology

# data[].attributes.body
Name: Elisha David Medel Summary: In this comprehensive study, the researchers examined the key factors influencing mobile payment adoption and users’ intention to recommend the technology. They found that perceived usefulness, ease of use, trust, and social influence significantly drive adoption intention. The study also highlighted the importance of user satisfaction and perceived risk in influencing continued usage. This model offers a robust foundation for understanding e‑wallet adoption behavior in present digital contexts. Author and Year: Oliveira, T., Thomas, M., Baptista, G., & Campos Clariant Feijó (2016)

# data[].attributes.headline
Intention to adopt mobile-based online payment platforms in three Asian countries

# data[].attributes.subject
Intention to adopt mobile-based online payment platforms in three Asian countries

# data[].attributes.body
Name: Elisha David Medel Summary: This study applied an extended TAM framework across China, India, and Bangladesh (1,289 respondents) to identify factors influencing adoption of mobile-based online payment platforms. Key constructs Perceived Trust, Social Influence, Perceived Ease of Use, and Perceived Usefulness were found to significantly influence adoption intention, while Perceived Risk had a negligible negative effect Author and Year: Jawad, A. I., Parvin, T., & Hosain, Md. S. (2022)

# data[].attributes.headline
User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View 

# data[].attributes.subject
User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View 

# data[].attributes.body
Name: Elisha David Medel Summary: This seminal study introduces the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), synthesizing eight prominent models of IT adoption. Through analysis of longitudinal data across four organizations, the authors identified four key determinants of behavioral intention and use performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions explaining up to 70% of variance in user intention Author and Year: Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
JSTOR is a digital library of academic journals, books, and primary sources.

# data[].attributes.headline
Drivers of Mobile Payment Acceptance: The Impact of Network Externalities in Nigeria

# data[].attributes.subject
Drivers of Mobile Payment Acceptance: The Impact of Network Externalities in Nigeria

# data[].attributes.body
Name: Elisha David Medel Summary: This paper explores critical drivers of mobile payment acceptance among Nigerian users, highlighting that while traditional TAM variables (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, trust) were influential, network externalities (the effect of seeing others use the technology) carried the strongest impact on adoption intention. The findings suggest the importance of social context and perceived popularity in fostering e-wallet adoption.
Author and year: Ajao, Q., Oludamilare, O., & Sadeeq, L. (2023)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
JSTOR is a digital library of academic journals, books, and primary sources.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Purposive Sampling as a Tool for Informant Selection | Ethnobotany Research and Applications

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Informant selection is highly relevant for ethnobotanical research, as people are constantly looked upon for knowledgeand information. The purposive sampling technique is a type of non-probability sampling that is most effective when one needs to study a certain cultural domain with knowledgeable experts within. Purposive sampling may also be used with both qualitative and quantitative researchtechniques. The inherent bias of the method contributesto its efficiency, and the method stays robust even when tested against random probability sampling. Choosingthe purposive sample is fundamental to the quality of data gathered; thus, reliability and competence of the informantmust be ensured.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
What are the 4 stages of social learning theory?

The social learning theory proposes that individuals learn through observation, imitation, and reinforcement. According to the theory, there are four stages of social learning:

Attention: In this stage, individuals must first pay attention to the behavior they are observing. This requires focus and concentration on the model's behavior.

Retention: In this stage, individuals must remember the behavior they observed. This involves cognitive processing and memory storage.

Reproduction: In this stage, individuals attempt to reproduce the behavior they observe. This may involve practicing and refining the behavior until it can be performed accurately.

Motivation: In this stage, individuals must have a reason or motivation to perform the behavior. This may involve reinforcement, punishment, social approval, disapproval, or other incentives.

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

Social Learning Theory, proposed by Albert Bandura, posits that people learn through observing, imitating, and modeling others' behavior. This theory posits that we can acquire new behaviors and knowledge by watching others, a process known as vicarious learning.

Bandura emphasized the importance of cognitive processes in learning, which set his theory apart from traditional behaviorism.

He proposed that individuals have beliefs and expectations that influence their actions and can think about the links between their behavior and its consequences.

Why is social learning theory important?

Social learning theory helps us understand how our environment and the people around us shape our behavior. It helps explain how individuals develop new skills and behaviors by paying attention to the behavior of others and then trying to reproduce that behavior themselves.

It is an important theory for psychologists, educators, and anyone interested in human behavior and development.

Who is Albert Bandura?

Albert Bandura was a prominent Canadian-American psychologist known for his work in social learning theory and the concept of self-efficacy.

His groundbreaking research on observational learning, through experiments such as the Bobo Doll experiment, shifted the focus of psychological theory from behaviorism to cognitive processes.

Bandura's work significantly influenced the understanding of how individuals learn within social contexts.

Albert Bandura is best known for his contributions to the field of psychology, particularly in the areas of social learning theory, self-efficacy, and aggression. He is considered one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century.

Bandura's work has significantly impacted our understanding of human behavior and has informed fields such as education, psychology, and social work.

References

Ahn, J. N., Hu, D., & Vega, M. (2020). "Do as I do, not as I say": Using social learning theory to unpack the impact of role models on students' outcomes in education. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 14(2), e12517.

Bagès, C., Verniers, C., & Martinot, D. (2016). Virtues of a hardworking role model to improve girls' mathematics performance. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(1), 55-64

Bandura, A. Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through the imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575-582

Bandura, A. (1965). Behavioral modification through modeling procedures. In L. Krasner & L. P. Ullman (Eds.), Research in behavior modification. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behavior modification. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Bandura, A. (1971). Social learning theory. New York: General Learning Press.

Bandura, A. (1972). Modeling theory: Some traditions, trends, and disputes. In R. D. Parke (Ed.), Recent trends in social learning theory (pp. 35-61). New York: Academic Press.

Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Bennett, S., Farrington, D. P., & Huesmann, L. R. (2005). Explaining gender differences in crime and violence: The importance of social cognitive skills. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10(3), 263-288.

Cheryan, S., Siy, J. O., Vichayapai, M., Drury, B. J., & Kim, S. (2011). Do female and male role models who embody STEM stereotypes hinder women's anticipated success in STEM? Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(6), 656-664.

Dasgupta, N. (2011). Ingroup experts and peers as social vaccines who inoculate the self-concept: The stereotype inoculation model. Psychological Inquiry, 22(4), 231-246.

Deaton, S. (2015). Social learning theory in the age of social media: Implications for educational practitioners. Journal of Educational Technology, 12(1), 1-6.

Fryling, M. J., Johnston, C., & Hayes, L. J. (2011). Understanding observational learning: An interbehavioral approach. The Analysis of verbal behavior, 27, 191-203.

Grusec, J. E. (1994). Social learning theory and developmental psychology: The legacies of Robert R. Sears and Albert Bandura.

Huesmann, L. R., & Kirwil, L. (2007). . Cambridge University Press.

Lin-Siegler, X., Ahn, J. N., Chen, J., Fang, F. F. A., & Luna-Lucero, M. (2016). Even Einstein struggled: Effects of learning about great scientists' struggles on high school students' motivation to learn science. Journal of Educational Psychology, 108(3), 314-328.

Lockwood, P., & Kunda, Z. (1997). Superstars and me: Predicting the impact of role models on the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(1), 91-103.

Marx, D. M., & Ko, S. J. (2012). Superstars "like" me: The effect of role model similarity on performance under threat. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42(7), 807-812.

Nabavi, R. T. (2012). Bandura's social learning theory & social cognitive learning theory. Theory of Developmental Psychology, 1(1), 1-24.

Overskeid, G. (2018). Do we need the environment to explain operant behavior?. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 302037.

Rosenthal, L., Levy, S. R., London, B., Lobel, M., & Bazile, C. (2013). In pursuit of the MD: The impact of role models, identity compatibility, and belonging among undergraduate women. Sex Roles, 68(7-8), 464-473.

Schunk, D. H. (2012). Learning theories an educational perspective (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc.

Stout, J. G., Dasgupta, N., Hunsinger, M., & McManus, M. A. (2011). STEMing the tide: Using ingroup experts to inoculate women's self-concept in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(2), 255-270

Weiner, B. (1979). A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71(1), 3-25.

Olivia Guy-Evans, MSc
BSc (Hons) Psychology, MSc Psychology of Education

Associate Editor for Simply Psychology

Olivia Guy-Evans is a writer and associate editor for Simply Psychology. She has previously worked in healthcare and educational sectors.

Saul Mcleod, PhD
Educator, Researcher

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester

Saul Mcleod, Ph.D., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years experience of working in further and higher education. He has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Clinical Psychology.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory In Psychology

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Social Learning Theory, proposed by Albert Bandura, posits that people learn through observing, imitating, and modeling others' behavior. This theory posits that we can acquire new behaviors and knowledge by watching others, a process known as vicarious learning.

# data[].attributes.body
User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View

# data[].attributes.body
tam

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
EBSCO Information Services, Inc. | www.ebsco.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Technology acceptance model (TAM) | EBSCO

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a theoretical framework designed to predict how likely individuals or organizations are to embrace new technology systems. Developed by Fred Davis in the 1980s, the model emerged in response to concerns about people's resistance to technology and the frequent underperformance or outright failure of new systems. TAM posits that the features of a technological system influence potential users' motivation to adopt it.

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The challenges and future of E-wallet

Chiam Chooi Chea (2020)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This article covers the introduction of e-wallet, e-wallet key takeaways, e-wallet features, types of e-wallets and its perks, consumers’ preferred method of payment, worldwide payment platforms, challenges of e-wallets, the annual payment transactions using e-wallet, the intention to accept the dig…

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Conducting Thematic Analysis with Qualitative Data

Lochmiller 2021

# data[].attributes.body
Questionnaires in Research: Their Role, Advantages, and Main Aspects

kuphanga 2024

# data[].attributes.body
Snowball sampling is a non-probability method based on chain referrals where initial participants (seeds) recruit additional individuals who fit the criteria. When combined with purposive sampling, it effectively targets hard-to-reach populations and enhances response rates. However, it can result in sampling bias and has limited ability to generalize findings. To mitigate these problems, researchers should utilize multiple seeds, monitor referral networks, and ensure a diverse group of participants until they reach data saturation or the target sample size (100–200 for surveys; 10–15 for interviews). ting et al., 2025

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Slovin's formula is utilized to calculate the sample size when the total population (N) is known and a specific level of precision is desired.

https://www.scribd.com/presentation/656942237/3-slovin-s-formula-Pr2 Calypse 2023

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
3 - Slovin’s Formula - Pr2 | PDF | Sampling (Statistics) | Research Methods

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This document discusses methods for systematically collecting sample data from a target population, including Slovin’s formula. Slovin’s formula calculates the required sample size (n) given the total population (N) and margin of error (e). It provides an example calculating a sample size of 223 from a population of 500 with a 5% margin of error. The document also provides additional examples of using Slovin’s formula to determine sample sizes for different population sizes and margins of error.

# data[].attributes.body
Snowball sampling is frequently employed in qualitative research within sociology, particularly in examining deviant behavior, and is especially useful in accessing populations that are difficult to reach. Additionally, it outlines various forms of sampling methods.

etikan et. al., 2015

https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/42569290/BBIJ-03-00055-libre.pdf?1455219398=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DComparision_of_Snowball_Sampling_and_Seq.pdf&Expires=1753545021&Signature=H~Z68Y9ZDK-WkPxj~WDcYmzsNz7fTqjoMKLhc1JAJJ1QxVCIJyY2Cvc-ZRkHgs4ASUcfERFviSjx9BDPOykMINChFXm--~IZ0bE5P-2bQvHhYzucQjzBrP79mlS7myPIGmiOMFPMgGlRACcS4mBws8BTGhgQuiSiialKI1e3eoS0-R~OeOi~VZzU1hIsFyZyR01vy7Fkzbne2QRfAA3UdN82IZWJwx2Azp~DzMaRlMqcS43euH7cylQXj4FVdHRX2MXPGKreYqRWtlQjxiFsoO3hEE8eyHt~6qdIr8Tf8oVvXxAMrqMnN9qOBG5wREfBf-5ybHxzRFVn5WBd3pZmEA__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA

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Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling method in which the researcher chooses units based on their assessment of specific characteristics. The benefits of purposive sampling encompass its applicability to a variety of qualitative research designs and its capacity to draw general conclusions from the samples.

Melvin A. Almario 2016 https://www.scribd.com/document/323925580/Purposive-Sampling-Explained

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Purposive Sampling Explained | PDF | Sampling (Statistics) | Research Design

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This document discusses purposive sampling, which is a non-probability sampling technique where the researcher selects units based on their judgment of their characteristics. There are several types of purposive sampling that can be used for different purposes in qualitative research. The document outlines various purposive sampling techniques including maximum variation sampling, homogeneous sampling, typical case sampling, extreme case sampling, critical case sampling, total population sampling, and expert sampling. It explains the goals and uses of each technique. The advantages of purposive sampling include the wide range of qualitative research designs it can be used for and its ability to make generalizations from samples.

# data[].attributes.body
A simple random sample is a randomly selected subset of a population. In this sampling method, each member of the population has an exactly equal chance of being selected.

Thomas, L. (2023, December 18). Simple Random Sampling | Definition, Steps & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved July 23, 2025

https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/simple-random-sampling/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Simple Random Sampling | Definition, Steps & Examples

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A simple random sample is a randomly selected subset of a population. In this sampling method, each member of the population has an exactly equal chance

# data[].attributes.headline
Integrating Conceptual Frameworks in Mixed Methods Research: A Guide to Design and Application

# data[].attributes.subject
Integrating Conceptual Frameworks in Mixed Methods Research: A Guide to Design and Application

# data[].attributes.body
According to the abstract given in addition, the study will be contributing practical tools and design logic to guide researchers in constructing methodologically mixed methods studies

Author and Year: (Gempes, G., Obenza, B.) (2025)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
What are the 4 stages of social learning theory?

The social learning theory proposes that individuals learn through observation, imitation, and reinforcement. According to the theory, there are four stages of social learning:

Attention: In this stage, individuals must first pay attention to the behavior they are observing. This requires focus and concentration on the model's behavior.

Retention: In this stage, individuals must remember the behavior they observed. This involves cognitive processing and memory storage.

Reproduction: In this stage, individuals attempt to reproduce the behavior they observe. This may involve practicing and refining the behavior until it can be performed accurately.

Motivation: In this stage, individuals must have a reason or motivation to perform the behavior. This may involve reinforcement, punishment, social approval, disapproval, or other incentives.

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

Social Learning Theory, proposed by Albert Bandura, posits that people learn through observing, imitating, and modeling others' behavior. This theory posits that we can acquire new behaviors and knowledge by watching others, a process known as vicarious learning.

Bandura emphasized the importance of cognitive processes in learning, which set his theory apart from traditional behaviorism.

He proposed that individuals have beliefs and expectations that influence their actions and can think about the links between their behavior and its consequences.

Why is social learning theory important?

Social learning theory helps us understand how our environment and the people around us shape our behavior. It helps explain how individuals develop new skills and behaviors by paying attention to the behavior of others and then trying to reproduce that behavior themselves.

It is an important theory for psychologists, educators, and anyone interested in human behavior and development.

Who is Albert Bandura?

Albert Bandura was a prominent Canadian-American psychologist known for his work in social learning theory and the concept of self-efficacy.

His groundbreaking research on observational learning, through experiments such as the Bobo Doll experiment, shifted the focus of psychological theory from behaviorism to cognitive processes.

Bandura's work significantly influenced the understanding of how individuals learn within social contexts.

Albert Bandura is best known for his contributions to the field of psychology, particularly in the areas of social learning theory, self-efficacy, and aggression. He is considered one of the most influential psychologists of the 20th century.

Bandura's work has significantly impacted our understanding of human behavior and has informed fields such as education, psychology, and social work.

References

Ahn, J. N., Hu, D., & Vega, M. (2020). "Do as I do, not as I say": Using social learning theory to unpack the impact of role models on students' outcomes in education. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 14(2), e12517.

Bagès, C., Verniers, C., & Martinot, D. (2016). Virtues of a hardworking role model to improve girls' mathematics performance. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40(1), 55-64

Bandura, A. Ross, D., & Ross, S. A. (1961). Transmission of aggression through the imitation of aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63, 575-582

Bandura, A. (1965). Behavioral modification through modeling procedures. In L. Krasner & L. P. Ullman (Eds.), Research in behavior modification. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behavior modification. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Bandura, A. (1971). Social learning theory. New York: General Learning Press.

Bandura, A. (1972). Modeling theory: Some traditions, trends, and disputes. In R. D. Parke (Ed.), Recent trends in social learning theory (pp. 35-61). New York: Academic Press.

Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Bennett, S., Farrington, D. P., & Huesmann, L. R. (2005). Explaining gender differences in crime and violence: The importance of social cognitive skills. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10(3), 263-288.

Cheryan, S., Siy, J. O., Vichayapai, M., Drury, B. J., & Kim, S. (2011). Do female and male role models who embody STEM stereotypes hinder women's anticipated success in STEM? Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(6), 656-664.

Dasgupta, N. (2011). Ingroup experts and peers as social vaccines who inoculate the self-concept: The stereotype inoculation model. Psychological Inquiry, 22(4), 231-246.

Deaton, S. (2015). Social learning theory in the age of social media: Implications for educational practitioners. Journal of Educational Technology, 12(1), 1-6.

Fryling, M. J., Johnston, C., & Hayes, L. J. (2011). Understanding observational learning: An interbehavioral approach. The Analysis of verbal behavior, 27, 191-203.

Grusec, J. E. (1994). Social learning theory and developmental psychology: The legacies of Robert R. Sears and Albert Bandura.

Huesmann, L. R., & Kirwil, L. (2007). . Cambridge University Press.

Lin-Siegler, X., Ahn, J. N., Chen, J., Fang, F. F. A., & Luna-Lucero, M. (2016). Even Einstein struggled: Effects of learning about great scientists' struggles on high school students' motivation to learn science. Journal of Educational Psychology, 108(3), 314-328.

Lockwood, P., & Kunda, Z. (1997). Superstars and me: Predicting the impact of role models on the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(1), 91-103.

Marx, D. M., & Ko, S. J. (2012). Superstars "like" me: The effect of role model similarity on performance under threat. European Journal of Social Psychology, 42(7), 807-812.

Nabavi, R. T. (2012). Bandura's social learning theory & social cognitive learning theory. Theory of Developmental Psychology, 1(1), 1-24.

Overskeid, G. (2018). Do we need the environment to explain operant behavior?. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 302037.

Rosenthal, L., Levy, S. R., London, B., Lobel, M., & Bazile, C. (2013). In pursuit of the MD: The impact of role models, identity compatibility, and belonging among undergraduate women. Sex Roles, 68(7-8), 464-473.

Schunk, D. H. (2012). Learning theories an educational perspective (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc.

Stout, J. G., Dasgupta, N., Hunsinger, M., & McManus, M. A. (2011). STEMing the tide: Using ingroup experts to inoculate women's self-concept in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(2), 255-270

Weiner, B. (1979). A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71(1), 3-25.

Olivia Guy-Evans, MSc
BSc (Hons) Psychology, MSc Psychology of Education

Associate Editor for Simply Psychology

Olivia Guy-Evans is a writer and associate editor for Simply Psychology. She has previously worked in healthcare and educational sectors.

Saul Mcleod, PhD
Educator, Researcher

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester

Saul Mcleod, Ph.D., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years experience of working in further and higher education. He has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Clinical Psychology.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory In Psychology

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Social Learning Theory, proposed by Albert Bandura, posits that people learn through observing, imitating, and modeling others' behavior. This theory posits that we can acquire new behaviors and knowledge by watching others, a process known as vicarious learning.

# data[].attributes.body
TAM

https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/technology/technology-acceptance-model-tam

Technology acceptance model (TAM)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.provider_name
EBSCO Information Services, Inc. | www.ebsco.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Technology acceptance model (TAM) | EBSCO

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a theoretical framework designed to predict how likely individuals or organizations are to embrace new technology systems. Developed by Fred Davis in the 1980s, the model emerged in response to concerns about people's resistance to technology and the frequent underperformance or outright failure of new systems. TAM posits that the features of a technological system influence potential users' motivation to adopt it.

# data[].attributes.headline
UTAUT Model Analysis on E-Wallet Usage of Vocational School Students

# data[].attributes.subject
UTAUT Model Analysis on E-Wallet Usage of Vocational School Students

# data[].attributes.body
Name: Elisha David Medel Summary: This study analyzed how vocational students in Indonesia adopt and use the Dana e-wallet app using the UTAUT model. Data from 140 students was analyzed through SEM-GSCA. Results showed that Performance Expectancy and Social Influence had a significant positive effect on students’ intention to use the app, while Effort Expectancy and Facilitating Conditions did not. Interestingly, students’ behavioral intention didn’t significantly lead to actual use, suggesting that wanting to use the app doesn’t always mean they actually do. The study suggests that making apps more useful and socially encouraged may increase usage among students. Author and Year: (Nuraini Dzakiyyah and Nugraha) (2023)

# data[].attributes.body
Jon Leenard Polstico

This study investigates the many factors that influence their preference for digital wallets over traditional payment methods. Key elements include perceived ease of use, security concerns, trust in technology, and social influence.. Findings suggest that students are increasingly inclined to adopt digital wallets because to their convenience and the growing trend towards cashless transactions.

2019-2021

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Study of Digital Wallet Adoption Among Students Report | PDF | Payments | Financial Technology

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This research was carried out with the aim to identify the various factors leading to the increasing preference of customers on switching from traditional modes of payment to digital payment and identifying the barriers face by student in adoption of Digital wallet in India . This paper also throws light on adjuvant issues like impact of demonetization decision & covid crisis on preference for digital payments.

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This study creates and evaluates a model that combines consumer brand engagement with UTAUT2, a technological acceptance framework, to determine what factors lead individuals to choose contactless payment methods (such as mobile wallets and NFC-enabled purchases). Habit and general contentment were the best indicators of the intention to use and keep using contactless payments, according to the authors' survey of more than 1,100 Finnish customers. The model demonstrated that digital habits and user happiness are more important than novelty or delight, accounting for almost 70% of the variation in usage intention. (Authors, Year) Karjaluoto et al., 2020

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An Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process in the Comparison of the Use of GCash, Paymaya, and Debit Card Applications as a Payment Option in the Philippines

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An Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process in the Comparison of the Use of GCash, Paymaya, and Debit Card Applications as a Payment Option in the Philippines

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Karlene Ro-anie Lee Dagum

The Philippines was considered to be one of the first few countries who have started the use of mobile money or simply digital payments. The country had an inconsistent development as they were starting with the technological field, so the government partnered with its related sectors in order to fully facilitate and promote the use of digital payments. Adjusting to this type of payment system may be difficult from the start, but as progress and development continues, people were able to manage all challenges experienced, which resulted in the sudden increase of usage in digital payments such as GCash, Paymaya, and Debit Card applications as these were considered to be the payment options that are widely used in the country in completing any transaction. In this study, the researchers aim to investigate which of the three (3) payment options are considered to be the most beneficial in terms of the factors of aesthetics, benefits/rewards, ease of use, loading convenience, range of transactions, security, and service fees by conducting an online survey to GCash, Paymaya, and Debit Card users in order to measure their customer satisfaction with the applications. The gathered data was used in the application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process, by using the software Expert Choice. The criteria weights and local weights acquired in using the software were used in calculating the global weight for each of the payment options in order to identify which is the best option among the three. Through the analysis of the related literature and gathered data, under the criteria used by the researchers, the factor of security was highly prioritized and considered by its users. Aside from that, Paymaya obtained the highest number of global weight in the calculations, being the best and most beneficial mobile application as a payment option in completing transactions in the Philippines, considering all factors mentioned, most especially the factor of security.

Gaea Marithe Victor, Julianne Mikhaella Delos Reyes, Louis Miguel Dural, Julia Sofie Mangaoang & Rianina Borres, 2021

https://index.ieomsociety.org/index.cfm/article/view/ID/5557

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An Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process in the Comparison of the Use of GCash, Paymaya, and Debit Card Applications as a Payment Option in the Philippines

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The Philippines was considered to be one of the first few countries who have started the use of mobile money or simply digital payments. The country had an inconsistent development as they were starting with the technological field, so the government partnered with its related sectors in order to fully facilitate and promote the use of digital payments. Adjusting to this type of payment system may be difficult from the start, but as progress and development continues, people were able to manage all challenges experienced, which resulted in the sudden increase of usage in digital payments such as GCash, Paymaya, and Debit Card applications as these were considered to be the payment options that are widely used in the country in completing any transaction. In this study, the researchers aim to investigate which of the three (3) payment options are considered to be the most beneficial in terms of the factors of aesthetics, benefits/rewards, ease of use, loading convenience, range of transactions, security, and service fees by conducting an online survey to GCash, Paymaya, and Debit Card users in order to measure their customer satisfaction with the applications. The gathered data was used in the application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process, by using the software Expert Choice. The criteria weights and local weights acquired in using the software were used in calculating the global weight for each of the payment options in order to identify which is the best option among the three. Through the analysis of the related literature and gathered data, under the criteria used by the researchers, the factor of security was highly prioritized and considered by its users. Aside from that, Paymaya obtained the highest number of global weight in the calculations, being the best and most beneficial mobile application as a payment option in completing transactions in the Philippines, considering all factors mentioned, most especially the factor of security.

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FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION OF MOBILE PAYMENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES 

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FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION OF MOBILE PAYMENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES 

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Karlene Ro-anie Lee Dagum

Mobile payments are increasingly being adopted by organizations as a new way of doing business in the 21st century. During the last few years, the use of mobile payments as a new payment channel has resulted in an increase in the volume of literature dedicated to the topic. For this reason, this study aims to cover the importance and use of mobile payments in the current era. It shall also try to identify issues and risks associated with it. The findings will describe the studies taken to identify and further understand the factors affecting the adoption of mobile payments in the Philippines.

Brenda G. Deloritos, 2021

https://www.globalscientificjournal.com/researchpaper/FACTORS_AFFECTING_THE_ADOPTION_OF_MOBILE_PAYMENTS_IN_THE_PHILIPPINES.pdf

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Reaven Jay A. Sayse

RRL 1

Based on a study conducted by Windasari et al. (2022), the shift toward digital banking has become increasingly evident as traditional banks expand their digital services and governments promote the use of cashless payments, especially during the pandemic when limiting physical interactions became crucial. This environment has paved the way for the emergence of digital-only banks—financial institutions that operate entirely online without physical branches. These banks rely on mobile applications to deliver services, offering customers a fully virtual banking experience. As a result, there has been a noticeable change in how individuals manage their finances, with digital convenience influencing consumption patterns, spending behavior, and overall financial habits. The rise of digital-only banking reflects a broader transformation in how people engage with financial services in a technology-driven society.

REFERENCE :

Windasari, N. A., Kusumawati, N., Larasati, N., & Amelia, R. P. (2022). Digital-only banking experience: Insights from gen Y and gen Z. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(2), 100170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100170

RRL 2

Purohit et al. (2022) emphasize that social influence is the most significant predictor of behavioral intention to adopt mobile banking. From a practical perspective, this finding provides valuable insights for marketers. By leveraging social influence, marketers can design more effective promotional strategies, such as offering incentives to existing users who refer mobile payment services to others. This referral-based approach may prove more cost-effective than general promotional deals targeting all customers. Additionally, the study highlights that effort expectancy and performance expectancy play a crucial role in mobile banking adoption, particularly among young consumers. Given that younger users are often time-conscious and seek convenience, it is essential for banks and financial technology companies to develop mobile payment applications that are fast, efficient, and user-friendly.

REFERENCE:

Purohit, S., Kaur, J., & Chaturvedi, S. (2022). MOBILE PAYMENT ADOPTION AMONG YOUTH: GENERATION Z AND DEVELOPING COUNTRY PERSPECTIVE. Journal of Content Community and Communication, 8, 194–209. https://doi.org/10.31620/jccc.06.22/14

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Adoption of E-Payment Systems in the Philippines

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Adoption of E-Payment Systems in the Philippines

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Karlene Ro-anie Lee Dagum

This study aims to explore factors affecting the Filipino consumers’ adoption of e-payment systems. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze data collected from 83 employees of a company’s Marketing Department who use online shopping payments. The results of the study showed that the significance of the constructs namely perceived risk, trust, security, use of web assurance seals, perceived usefulness, and perceived advantage were inadequate to determine its relationships with the intention to adopt e-payment systems. Therefore, the factors used in this study are not the only drivers that would influence customers’ decisions.

Raon, Camille & De Leon, Myra & Dui, Rayan. (2021).

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354049148_Adoption_of_E-Payment_Systems_in_the_Philippines

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Name: Amman MJ A. Mamalumpong

(summary)

Mobile wallets, or e-wallets, help users do different transactions like sending money, paying bills, and shopping—all through their phones. It was noted that “the pandemic accelerated the growth and adaptation of e-wallets” (Dela Cruz, 2021), showing how many Filipinos turned to digital financial tools for safety and convenience. The shift to mobile payment became more noticeable during lockdowns, as people needed contactless ways to manage their money. ( Author, Year) dela cruz (2021)

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GCash Futurecast 2021: The Country’s Number 1 e-Wallet Shares Its Newest Innovations - ruthdelacruz

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GCash Futurecast 2021: The Country’s Number 1 e-Wallet Shares Its Newest Innovation

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The Mobility and Its Impact on Mobile Payment Adoption

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The Mobility and Its Impact on Mobile Payment Adoption

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Name: Elisha David Medel Summary: This study explored how the mobility of mobile payment apps affects user behavior. Based on data from 290 e-wallet users in Bandung, the results showed that when people feel an app is convenient to use anywhere, it increases their perception of ease of use, which then leads to continued usage. In short, both mobility and user-friendliness matter in keeping people engaged with mobile payment systems. Author and year: (Susanti, L., Alamsyah, D. P., & Setiadi, A.) (2022)

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The Mobility and Its Impact on Mobile Payment Adoption | Semantic Scholar

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Perceived ease of use is stated to have a positive relationship with the continuous usage of mobile payment e-wallet users, and perceived mobility is declared capable of supporting continuous usage. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between mobility, ease of use and continuous usage from the use of mobile payment e-wallet. The research method used is through a survey to mobile payment e-wallet users. Users are selected only who have used the e-wallet application in the city of Bandung. Data from respondents was collected through online quantitative questionnaires. There were 290 respondents who were mobile payment e-wallet users who filled out the questionnaire perfectly. The data from the respondents was processed using path analysis with the SmartPLS analysis tool. The model in path analysis was tested using inner and outer, as well as research hypothesis testing. The test results were conveyed that the mobility considered by students had a positive relationship to the increase in perceived ease of use. Furthermore, perceived ease of use is stated to have a positive relationship with the continuous usage of mobile payment e-wallet users. It is immediately known that perceived mobility is declared capable of supporting continuous usage. It is known that mobility assessed by mobile payment e-wallet users is able to increase mobile payment adoption through continuous usage. The information in this study is useful for e-wallet service providers in evaluating the performance of mobile payments.

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fionn duat

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666143821000223

Mumtaza, et al. (2020) highlight that the ease caused by mobile wallets should be the main reason for implementing this system on to daily basis

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Understanding the Consumer’s Intention to Use the E‑Wallet Services

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Understanding the Consumer’s Intention to Use the E‑Wallet Services

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Name: Elisha David Medel Summary: This study looked into why people choose to keep using e-wallet services. The researchers combined three well-known models (TAM, TPB, and EDM) to get a clearer picture. They found that people are more likely to continue using e-wallets when they believe the service is useful, easy to use, and when they’re personally satisfied with it. Attitudes and social pressure also played a role. Interestingly, offering extra perks like cashback or other rewards didn’t really strengthen the connection between satisfaction and continued use. The main takeaway? If an e-wallet works well and people are happy with it, they’ll likely keep using it even without fancy bonuses. Author and year: (Shaizatulaqma Kamalul Ariffin, Mohamad Fakhrul Reza Abd Rahman, Ali Mughal Muhammad, & Qi Zhang) (2021)

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S. A. Purbondaru, F. E. Saputra, M. Salim, and S. Anggarawati, "Adoption of E-Wallets in Indonesia: Integrating Mindfulness into the Technology Acceptance Model," Journal of Madani Society, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 34-44, 2023.

G. A. N. Ramadhani, M. Astuti, and N. Nasirun, "Examining Factors Influencing Intention to Use E-Wallet in Indonesia," in 7th Sriwijaya Economics, Accounting, and Business Conference (SEABC 2021), Atlantis Press, 2022, pp. 388-393.

U. Rahardja, "Blockchain Education: as a Challenge in the Academic Digitalization of Higher Education," IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation (ITSDI), vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 62-69, 2022.

H. Mansour, "How successful countries are in promoting digital transactions during COVID-19," Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 435-452, 2022.

S. Basuki and R. Anugrah, "Transaction Document Security Protection In The Form Of Image File, Jpg Or Tif Interbank Transfer Using Steganography And Cryptography," IAIC Transactions on Sustainable Digital Innovation, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 42-48, 2019.

Q. Aini, M. Budiarto, P. O. H. Putra, and U. Rahardja, "Exploring E-learning Challenges During the Global COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review," Jurnal Sistem Informasi, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 57-65, 2020.

W. He, Z. J. Zhang, and W. Li, "Information technology solutions, challenges, and suggestions for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic," Int J Inf Manage, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0268401220314869

M. Javaid and I. H. Khan, "Internet of Things (IoT) enabled healthcare helps to take the challenges of COVID-19 Pandemic," J Oral Biol Craniofac Res, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212426821000154

G. Munawar, "Mobile-Based E-Wallet Prototype To Support Electronic Payments In Campus Environment," Jurnal Mantik, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 526-533, 2022.

H. M. Aji, I. Berakon, and M. Md Husin, "COVID-19 and e-wallet usage intention: A multigroup analysis between Indonesia and Malaysia," Cogent Business & Management, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 1804181, 2020.

D. Pertiwi, W. Suprapto, and E. Pratama, "Perceived usage of e-wallet among the Y generation in Surabaya based on technology acceptance model," Jurnal Teknik Industri, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 17-24, 2020.

B. Foster, R. Hurriyati, and M. D. Johansyah, "The Effect of Product Knowledge, Perceived Benefits, and Perceptions of Risk on Indonesian Student Decisions to Use E-Wallets for Warunk Upnormal," Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 11, p. 6475, 2022.

H. T. Sukmana, T. Hariguna, N. Lutfiani, and U. Rahardja, "Exploring the moderating effect of technology readiness of user intention in the context of mobile payment service," International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, vol. 8, no. 1.5 Special Issue, pp. 249-257, 2019, doi: 10.30534/ijatcse/2019/4481.52019.

H. T. Sukmana, T. Hariguna, N. Lutfiani, and U. Rahardja, "Exploring the moderating effect of technology readiness of user intention in the context of mobile payment service," International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, vol. 8, no. 1.5 Special Issue, pp. 249-257, 2019, doi: 10.30534/ijatcse/2019/4481.52019.

T. Nur and D. Noah, "Factors influencing the college students' behavior intention to use e-wallet in Jakarta," in AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing, 2023.

I. Yuliadi and Y. Ariyani, "Non-Cash transaction behavior of people Yogyakarta City: a case from Indonesia," in E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, 2021, p. 02056.

R. H. Sekeh, I. Pangkey, and S. B. Kairupan, "Implementation of the Non-Cash Payment System Policy A Civil Servant in The Pandemic Era at Manado State University," Technium Soc. Sci. J., vol. 33, p. 28, 2022.

J. Wanner, K. Heinrich, C. Janiesch, and P. Zschech, "How Much AI Do You Require? Decision Factors for Adopting AI Technology.," ICIS. researchgate.net, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kai-Heinrich-3/publication/344350604_How_Much_AI_Do_You_Require_Decision_Factors_for_Adopting_AI_Technology/links/5f6b1b5d458515b7cf4701ea/How-Much-AI-Do-You-Require-Decision-Factors-for-Adopting-AI-Technology.pdf

F. Agustin, Q. Aini, A. Khoirunisa, and E. A. Nabila, "Utilization of Blockchain Technology for Management E-Certificate Open Journal System," Aptisi Transactions on Management (ATM), vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 133-138, 2020.

A. G. Pamungkas, A. Suharko, D. Apriani, and E. A. Nabila, "Analysis of the Effect of Quality, Service Price and Satisfaction on Patients and Their Impact on Visits to Exclusive Dental Clinics in South Jakarta," APTISI Transactions on Management (ATM), vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 8-14, 2023.

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Analysis of the Acceptance Level of E-Wallet as a Non-Cash Payment Method among Indonesian Students

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S. A. Purbondaru, F. E. Saputra, M. Salim, and S. Anggarawati, "Adoption of E-Wallets in Indonesia: Integrating Mindfulness into the Technology Acceptance Model," Journal of Madani Society, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 34-44, 2023. G. A. N. Ramadhani, M. Astuti, and N.

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Factors Influencing The Intention to Adopt eWallet among Students of Universiti Putra Malaysia

https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/82174924/factors_influencing_the_intention_to_adopt_ewallet_among_students_of_universiti_putra_malaysia-libre.pdf?1647335669=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DFactors_Influencing_The_Intention_to_Ado.pdf&Expires=1751994681&Signature=fzjHQm5Z74ov1jCapDN5ysjBg3dHuQBpxrr98qZzmRK~z0su9-iStGmw6mvKrpvWXRlMiKCUObc0jhgR1EG-9tze56kkPX0jd3HJi207I~EjPzGnrUotZ3D19v7ffftCDY52vGxWd~1h86-j34zJWYoGcM2I8FPjUBb7kjy8l7b5SCyw3bI~5ckX9SvdmhvCcj0fzeF5H7uBedEkGsxhG-QRNBU4YT9yxtgJ84NXjWSYXiIDGdLWbv6FR~o6af3ibXzxKYzPV02pR7~MFmzy6ASM36yI2ehlhipPltjNJeVEz7OYYDGZh2UxLmU-5wJbH5IBsWJbl3pfJSD5d-qrBg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA

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Name: Amman MJ A. Mamalumpong.

(Summary) This study talks about how people in developing countries are starting to use e-wallets and mobile payments. It checks out some common ideas, like TAM and UTAUT, to figure out what makes people want to use these apps — and what stops them. It also says that we still need more studies to really understand how people’s actions, feelings, and even their environment affect whether or not they use mobile payments. (Authors, Year) Faten Aisyah Ahmad Ramli & Muhammad iskandar Hamzah (2021)

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[PDF] Mobile payment and e-wallet adoption in emerging economies: A systematic literature review | Semantic Scholar

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The main purpose of this paper is to review the growing volume of studies on e-wallet adoption in this region to analyze the potential research gaps, offer a multi-stakeholder eco-system framework and make recommendations for future research. Against the backdrop of greater smartphone and internet penetration across the emerging markets, electronic wallet (e-wallet) has emerged as a reliable and well-known digital payment method. The main purpose of this paper is to review the growing volume of studies on e-wallet adoption in this region. E-wallet is widely used worldwide, but it has yet to become mainstream in developing countries, including Malaysia. Hence, scholars have conducted numerous studies on e-wallet use, but there seems to be a lack of consensus on the predictors influencing its adoption. This study examines these publications to analyze the potential research gaps, offer a multi-stakeholder eco-system framework and make recommendations for future research. We retrieved scholarly articles on E-Wallet adoption published from 2016-2021 through the Google Scholar and Scopus database. After the screening process in which some papers were excluded, 77 previous studies were reviewed regarding the methodology, findings and adaptation of theories/models. Considering that a large portion of the studies are grounded based on the technology acceptance framework and typically involved drivers and enablers, we call for a distinct approach that draws in other factors into the equation. For instance, future research may divulge the inhibitors to E-wallet adoption and incorporate the external environment and consumer psychological factors as potential predictors.

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The broad accessibility of the internet and the growing digitization of payment methods have led to a range of e-payment alternatives, including credit and debit cards, digital and mobile wallets, electronic currencies, and contactless payment options (Hao Sing Cheong & Juzaimi Nasuredi, 2023).

Relationship Between the Factors and Adoption of E-payment Services among UTHM Students

https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/rmtb/article/view/11683

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Keywords:
Adoption, E-Payment, Factors, UTAUT model

Abstract

The widespread availability of the internet and the increasing digitisation of payment processes have given rise to various e-payment options, such as credit and debit cards, digital and mobile wallets, electronic currency, and contactless payment ways. However, the need for awareness, security, risk, and trust are among several issues in the adoption of e-payment services. This study aims to answer the research question, which is to identify the level of factors towards adopting E-payment services among UTHM students, to identify the level of E-payment services adoption among UTHM students, and to identify the relationship between factors and adoption of E-payment services. The Unified Theory of Acceptance Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework was used as the variable factors, which were perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived security, and trust, to measure factors towards adopting E-payment services among UTHM students. This study used an online questionnaire to collect data from respondents. 876 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents, and a total of 275 sets have been returned. Descriptive analysis, central tendencies measurement of the construct, normality test, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis was used and discussed in the quantitative findings. The researcher concluded from the findings that the variables have a significant relationship towards adopting e-payment services. The implications of theoretical and practical of this study found that UTHM students' continuance adopts e-payment services were influenced significantly by all variables from the adoption of e-payment services with using the UTAUT model, and this study may be helpful to cashless service providers as well as entrepreneurs interested in developing e-payment application services in Malaysia.

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Relationship Between the Factors and Adoption of E-payment Services among UTHM Students

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Adoption, E-Payment, Factors, UTAUT model The widespread availability of the internet and the increasing digitisation of payment processes have given rise to various e-payment options, such as credit and debit cards, digital and mobile wallets, electronic currency, and contactless payment ways.

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An e-wallet is a mobile application that allows users to store payment cards on their devices. Consumers are increasingly adopting e-wallet applications as an alternative to conventional payment methods. With an e-wallet, users are not required to carry physical cash or credit cards. It provides a more convenient way for users to complete their purchases (Chelvarayan, Yeo, Yi, et.al., 2022).

E-Wallet: A Study on Cashless Transactions Among University Students

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10719559/#sec2

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E-Wallet: A Study on Cashless Transactions Among University Students

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E-wallet is an application that enable users to download payment cards using a mobile device. It is a new trend for consumers to use an e-wallet application to replace the traditional payment method. With E-wallet, a user does not need to bring cash…

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Name: Amman MJ A. Mamalumpong

(summary) This study examines how users form behavioral intentions and actual usage behaviors, particularly among e-wallet consumers. It highlights that individuals’ willingness to adopt mobile payment systems is influenced by factors such as perceived enjoyment, satisfaction, and mobile self-efficacy. (Authors and year) (Mohamed E. Esawe) (2022)

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Understanding mobile e-wallet consumers’ intentions and user behavior | Emerald Insight

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The study explores the factors influencing Generation Z and Millennials' intention to use E-wallets in the Philippines, using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) framework. It found that perceived ease of use, usefulness, social influence, trust, security, and value significantly influence users' intentions. Perceived trust was found to be a more powerful predictor than perceived value. This research offered valuable insights into the elements influencing user intentions and consumer satisfaction, deepening the understanding of E-wallet adoption within the industry (Belmonte, Prasetyo, Cahigas, et.al., 2024).

Factors influencing the intention to use e-wallet among generation Z and millennials in the Philippines: An extended technology acceptance model (TAM) approach

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691824004049

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The study explores the socio-economic factors, preferred platforms, and factors affecting customer satisfaction among mobile money service users in General Santos City, Philippines. It highlights the diverse user demographic, including gender, age, marital status, education, and income. The findings emphasize the need for providers to prioritize system reliability and customer trust to improve satisfaction. The research contributes to the growing field of mobile money services, emphasizing platform preference and user satisfaction (Diaz, Viray, Cruz, et.al., 2022).

Factors Affecting Customer Satisfaction on Mobile Money Services (Gcash,PayMaya, and CoinsPh) in General Santos City, Philippines

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jayson-Diaz/publication/368904869_Factors_Affecting_Customer_Satisfaction_on_Mobile_Money_Services_GcashPayMaya_and_CoinsPh_in_General_Santos_City_Philippines/links/650951e361f18040c20b79dd/Factors-Affecting-Customer-Satisfaction-on-Mobile-Money-Services-Gcash-PayMaya-and-CoinsPh-in-General-Santos-City-Philippines.pdf

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The worldwide adoption of the internet and mobile devices has fueled the evolution of digital payment systems. Although there is significant potential for growth, there has been insufficient research that offers a thorough synthesis and analysis of the factors influencing the utilization, adoption, and acceptance of digital payment solutions. This research seeks to fill this void by delivering an extensive review of the relevant literature sourced from Scopus and Web of Science databases (Sahi, Khalid, Abbas, et.al, 2021).

The Evolving Research of Customer Adoption of Digital Payment: Learning from Content and Statistical Analysis of the Literature

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2199853122001706

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Mobile payments have become essential for Customer shopping intentions are altered by easy access to the Internet, smartphones, and mobile-based banking. Mobile wallets, a key component of financial technology (Fintech), allow customers to shop through smartphones and offer a cashless transactional method, cost-effective services, and traceable options that improve sustainability in payment services. Over the past ten years, mobile wallet services have developed and drawn significant attention from both consumers and businesses. Given the need for a thorough literature review of mobile wallets, this article attempts to close this research gap (Hopali, Vayvay, Kalender, et.al., 2022).

How Do Mobile Wallets Improve Sustainability in Payment Services? A Comprehensive Literature Review

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/24/16541

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1. Introduction

The speed and diversity of technology-enabled innovations have increased over the last decade. In terms of sustainability, the benefits of green technology are significant for achieving ecological goals. According to the European Commission [ 1], reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 is a target needed to be reached for sustainability.

Traditional checkout payment methods, such as cash and plastic credit cards, emit an average of 3.78 g of CO 2 per transaction [ 2]. Considering this situation, a technology that can provide a cardless, traceable, and green payment service is vital for sustainability. One of the emerging technologies, Fintech, can be defined as technology-enabled innovation in financial services. Fintech is accepted as an alternative to traditional finance and improves sustainability in payment services with its components that offer paperless and traceable payment features. It employs innovative technologies such as data science, artificial intelligence, sensors, mobile technology infrastructure, advanced business operations, Internet-based platforms, and big data analysis applications, which propel Fintech services [ 3, 4]. A few trends empower its progression. Firstly, customers and merchants search for alternatives because of a lack of trust and confidence in incumbent service providers. Secondly, emerging financial services such as mobile wallets, peer-to-peer money transfers, and e-insurance offer innovative, efficient, and convenient flows. Traditional payment systems could not compete with FinTech services in the context of sustainability, reliability, and attractiveness [ 5]. Over the past few years, a bundle of technological development paved the way for merchants to respond to customer needs for easy-to-use, resource-efficient, faster, and more secure payment methods. In retail stores and e-commerce, the usage of Fintech services such as mobile and contactless payment methods, Near-Field Communication (NFC)-enabled systems, peer-to-peer money transfers, one-click payment/checkout, micro-loans, and e-insurance has gradually become widespread. Significantly, the massive mobile phone and Internet access usage accelerate Fintech services. Recent digital transformation trends allow for innovative payment channels to be used in retail stores. Fintech providers allow the installation of digital payment methods on customers' mobile phones so that retailers and consumers gain maximum value.

Fintech transforms offline finance into a contactless, traceable, and sustainable mobile service. The proliferation of the everyday use of the Internet, smartphones, and mobile-based banking has changed customer shopping intentions. Based on information and communication technology (ICT), financial services improve and gain an innovative aspect. Fintech comprises big data, cloud technology, and social network services; it presents various services in response to customer needs, such as mobile payment, remittance, and crowdfunding. Thus, technology-enabled payment services push the limits of the traditional finance system and rapidly improve. Competitive financial attractiveness leads to the benefits of Fintech for users and merchants [ 6]. Using automated systems, Fintech companies release the profit to consumers operating costs while cutting unnecessary operating costs. Fintech usage provides a high frequency. If customers have free capital, investment in financial management and emergent capital requirements can be easily handled by Fintech applications. The useful construct of Fintech enables companies to collect and analyze large amounts of data resources. Fintech improvement offers digitalization and capitalization processes. The core technologies behind Fintech derive from strong IT expertise in the financial sector. Cybersecurity solutions, cloud technology, artificial intelligence, big data analysis, and distributed databases lead the new segment of Fintech companies.

Customers ask for green, reliable, faster, and convenient payment methods in the new technology-enabled era. Fintech services are the customer-centric strategy that enables merchants to present secure, faster, and innovative business models. In response to technology-oriented customer needs, merchants should integrate Fintech services into stores and e-commerce payment services. It is inevitable to adopt innovative technology in order to have a competitive advantage in the market and acquire more customer touchpoints. The selection and integration of convenient Fintech business models, design of entry, and correct timing are crucial for merchants [ 7, 8]. While customer needs evolve, there must be a clear strategy for improving sustainability and remaining competitive. Mobile wallets are the crucial component of Fintech services that enables customers to shop via smartphones. The usage of mobile wallets has started to increase in stores and e-commerce, but the research in this field is limited. Because of the easy accessibility and significant importance to customers, wireless connection and Internet expansion make smartphones a critical channel for banking. M-banking takes advantage of the expanded use of smartphones and leads the demand for mobile wallet services among merchants and social customers [ 9, 10]. Mobile wallet securely stores payment information, tokens, digital coupons, and loyalty card information and allows customers to purchase products in-store and online. This Fintech component integrates with banks, financial institutions, merchants, retailers, payment service providers, telecom operators, and many other businesses to present intelligent, practical, branded customer services [ 11].

Platform-based mobile payment service providers such as Facebook and Alibaba have strong IT expertise and mobile market understanding with subscribed mobile users. However, mobile payment providers lack consumer trust and financial market experience. IT expertise and integration ability are essential to retail partnerships. Price, mobility, convenience, self-expression, network externality, observability, personal information security, compatibility, trialability, social impact, quality, perceived risk, trust, and technical concerns are the crucial factors for mobile wallet integrations in stores and websites [ 21]. A mobile payment service requires a remarkable comprehension to enhance customer experience and reduce customer churn in online and offline environments such as Apple Pay, Samsung Pay, and Google Wallet. The most promising opportunity of mobile payment services from the perspective of merchants is to reveal the maximum benefits and minimize risks. Complex authentication setups and confidentiality improve the awareness of security and privacy protection [ 22].

Over the last decade, mobile wallet services have evolved and attracted considerable attention from customers and companies. Considering the amount of CO 2 emitted by traditional checkout payment methods, mobile wallets that offer a paperless, reliable, and traceable payment service are also crucial in terms of sustainability. However, mobile wallets are a fairly new type of technology that is constantly evolving. According to the literature, there is not enough study in this field, especially before 2015, where the research was limited. Therefore, it is very difficult to find a literature review that focuses on mobile wallets. This situation creates the need to follow the development areas of mobile wallet technology to determine how to contribute more to sustainability and to direct future studies. In previous literature reviews, mobile wallets have been casually described as part of mobile payment trends or an emerging element of the Fintech ecosystem. Türkmen and Değerli [ 23] examined mobile wallets as a sub-topic of innovative banking trends in their literature review on how the financial sector has evolved over decades. Karsen et al. [ 24] and Dennehy and Sammon [ 25] conducted literature reviews on mobile payment. In these studies, mobile wallets are considered technological developments in mobile payments. The only study that we can say focuses on mobile wallets, albeit partially, was conducted by Ramli and Hamzah [ 26]. The study, which only examines mobile wallets from the adoption perspective basis of emerging economies in the literature, lacks in providing a holistic view. Due to the lack of a comprehensive mobile wallet literature survey, this article aims at filling this research gap by covering articles published between 2012 and 2022 over the Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. Through this study, the adoption of technology for mobile wallets, as well as the customer engagement, competitiveness, and security and privacy issues, are grouped and detailed in the literature. In addition to the systematic literature review, we present a better understanding of mobile wallet services and propose new recommendations to enhance future research. The conducted literature review revealed that mobile wallets could be promoted in terms of traceability, usefulness, transaction speed, and security. According to the findings, environmental traceability could be improved to trace customer carbon footprint via smartphones per transaction. In the context of sustainability, the examined literature pointed out that resource-efficient and innovative aspects of mobile wallets are critical to eco-friendly shopping, customer acquisition, and competitive advantage. The following section includes the methodology of the literature review. Section 3 presents the results with descriptive statistics among the publication years. Section 4 analyzes the review results with critical remarks. Section 5 presents the discussion, including the most common findings and research agenda, and Section 6 presents the conclusion.

2. Methods

The survey target for this article originates from state-of-the-art mobile wallet technology usage. Figure 1 demonstrates the survey method of this article. Firstly, scientific databases hosting articles related to the research context have been clarified. The survey was conducted using the Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. Publications were restricted with a clear filtering policy and must meet the requirements. Thus, each publication must be in an article format written in English, be published in a peer-reviewed academic journal, have the full text available, and be published between 2012 and 2022. The search scope was the 'topic' (article title, abstract, and keywords). Keyword selection was not limited to the mobile wallet. Comprehensive research shows that digital wallets and electronic wallets (e-wallets) are based on mobile devices that refer to the same technology in the literature as well [ 27, 28, 29, 30]. It is for this reason that the keywords used for the search are 'mobile wallet', 'digital wallet', and 'e-wallet'.

After abstract reading and skimming, a total of 232 articles met the inclusion criteria. Finally, the remaining papers were exposed to whole article reading. As a research hotspot, 128 articles were related to mobile wallets in Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. The filtered publications were analyzed in terms of three dimensions: the year of publication, published database, and research topics. Hence, the article classification was structured to better understand the research trends in the mobile wallet field.

3. Results

3.1. Years of Publication

The publication years ranged between 2012 and 2022. As a new field of research, the term mobile wallet was rarely used before the last decade. Significantly, Fintech developments transformed mobile payment services, and adopting technology-oriented customers to a mobile wallet has increased the usage and research in this field. The number of publications has accelerated in the last few years. This status reflects the mobile wallet development and usage in stores and online channels. Figure 2 shows that this new research phenomenon has taken place after 2018.

3.2. Academic Research Databases

Some of the most well-known academic research databases, namely Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct, were scanned during this study. The main objective of selecting several research databases was to present a comprehensive survey. Also, different databases cover the research diversity to better understand the academic contribution and direction. Afterward, we considered the criteria of proximity to sustainable, economic, managerial, and social issues related to mobile wallets to limit the selected articles during the entire article reading phase. Apart from these considerations, we have removed papers that directly focus on computer science and blockchain-based wallets for cryptocurrency. As a result, 128 filtered articles were analyzed in this study.

Figure 3 shows the database mapping of mobile wallets in the 128 articles obtained in the comprehensive literature review. Most articles are published in Scopus with a number of 97 articles, while the fewest number of articles are published in Science Direct, with 22 articles. The Web of Sciences database includes 58 articles in the 2012-2022 period. Additionally, nine of the articles are published in all three databases.

3.3. Research Topics

Observing how cutting-edge and eco-friendly services such as mobile wallets evolve to be and examining the development phases contribute to the understanding of how this service improves sustainability. After conducting a literature review on multiple aspects of mobile wallets, we discovered that mobile wallets are responsible for not only usefulness and enjoyment but also sustainability. When analyzing the different aspects of mobile wallets, we noted that this service evolves to the need of the customers and merchants. In the literature, it was possible to observe that the analyzed documents fit into three groups to understand how mobile wallets improve sustainability in payment services and analyze the research scope. Figure 4 illustrates the research topics in the period of 2012-2022. The technology adoption of mobile wallets is the leading research topic in the literature. In the field of adoption, researchers seek to find an answer to research questions such as how customers increase to use of mobile wallets and which factors affect mobile wallet usage. Technology adoption includes determinants of intention to use a mobile wallet, pre- and post-acceptance dynamics, and factors influencing customer attitudes. Customer engagement is the second most prominent research topic, with 21 papers combining satisfaction, customer loyalty, and campaign/promotion management-related research for mobile wallets. Competitiveness is the third research topic, with 14 articles that comprise innovation and service quality-related research.

4. Analysis of Results

The comprehensive literature review in three databases showed that the research on mobile wallets is gathered into three main groups, namely technology adoption, customer engagement, and competitiveness. Furthermore, a summary literature table is presented in Appendix A.

4.1. Technology Adoption

A mobile wallet is a service that allows customers to sustainably make electronic transactions, fund transfers, and donations and use digital coupons and loyalty cards when shopping in-store and online through a smartphone application provided by a service provider [ 31, 32]. Since the usage of this emerging technology starting from a decade ago, many researchers have sought to understand technology adoption criteria from the customer perspective. Investigating mobile wallet research touchpoints is vital to understanding the development direction.

4.1.1. Intention to Use of Customers and Merchants

Identifying constructs related to adoption in the previous studies, Malik and Sharma [ 33] conducted a weight analysis to present significant and non-significant factors for mobile wallet adoption. Vasantha and Sarika [ 34] observed the differences that demographic variables such as personal innovativeness and age cause in mobile wallet intention to use. The payment methods of consumers profoundly impact the frequency and quality of products purchased. Shekhar and Jaidev [ 35] revealed that personal innovativeness and perceived enjoyment are associated with perceived ease of use over mobile wallets. Ariguzo and White [ 36] examined the differences between mobile wallet adopters and non-adopters through M-PESA adoption in Kenya. Dauda and Lee [ 10] examined consumer preferences for future online banking services by conducting a conjoint analysis. The results revealed that Nigerian banks could strengthen competitive positioning with the aspect of entertainment and perceived ease of use of mobile wallets. Abbasi et al. [ 37] explored the continuance intention to buy of customers with the help of mobile wallets. They have employed a hybrid methodology to analyze customer survey data, namely structural equation modeling (SEM) and an asymmetrical analytical approach through fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). According to symmetrical outputs, service quality is the most critical factor in continuance intention via mobile wallets. However, asymmetrical outputs have cited that there needs to be a fusion of service quality, information quality, system quality, ease of use confirmation, usefulness confirmation, and security confirmation. User-related and system-specific factors contribute to NFC mobile wallet adoption [ 38]. Pham and Ho [ 15] have investigated mobile wallets as an NFC-based payment service. According to the findings, the most critical drivers of the adoption are the perceived usefulness and compatibility.

Shaw et al. [ 39] conducted a multinational study of mobile wallet adoption. A proposed diffusion of innovations (DoI) model was used to investigate mobile wallet adoption in Canada, Germany, and the United States. Security, privacy, and ubiquity were added to the model as context-relevant constructs. The results supported the proposed model while the ubiquity, privacy concerns, and security risks varied by country. Service providers should be able to ensure that mobile wallets' privacy and security policy complies with the user's perception [ 40]. Also, the reputation of mobile wallet service providers significantly impacts trust, perceived security, and continuance intention [ 41]. Nguyen and Nguyen [ 42] have suggested that to attract consumers to use mobile wallets, payment service providers should focus on the usefulness, ease of use, safety, and convenience of mobile wallet services. Phuong et al. [ 43] stated that mobile application quality, mobile wallet familiarity, situational normality, payment security, and the feedback mechanism are the mobile wallet features that influence customer intention to use a mobile wallet in Vietnam. According to the analysis, payment security and feedback mechanisms positively affect customer trust, satisfaction, and intention to use. However, mobile application quality and mobile wallet familiarity influence perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and intention to use mobile wallets. Talwar et al. [ 44] analyzed cross-sectional data of first-time mobile wallet users to test a two-step framework that included the pre-adoption and post-adoption factors. The findings revealed that service quality and information positively influence initial trust. Also, perceived usefulness and continuation intention have a positive relationship. Similarly, Gupta et al. [ 45] studied an extended expectation-confirmation model to understand the pre-adoption importance of post-adoption satisfaction and continuance intention. They showed that pre-adoption performance expectancies have an essential impact on the consumption-driven confirmation, influencing satisfaction, post-adoption perceived usefulness, and perceived security. Obidat et al. [ 46] have also researched the issue of post-adoption. The study, completed in Jordan, revealed that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use factors are more effective than the subjective norm for customers to continue using mobile wallets.

By predicting the mobile wallet resistance through the ANN model, Leong et al. [ 14] found that education, income, perceived novelty, usage, risk, value, and tradition significantly affect adoption. Based on the diffusion of innovation (DoI) theory, Kaur et al. [ 27] addressed the lack of and need to understand the intention to use mobile wallets. Researchers conducted an extensive cross-sectional survey of smartphone usage. The outcome of the study revealed that relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, and observability are significantly associated with customer intention to use mobile wallets. On the other hand, trialability had no association with customer intention to use or recommend mobile wallets. In the era of a cashless economy, sending and receiving payments is considered a milestone. Smartphone usage quickly accelerates, with readily available Internet access in urban and rural areas. Menon and Ramakrishnan [ 47] identified the drawbacks, challenges, and preferences of mobile wallet adoption. Shaw and Kesharwani [ 48] identified the moderating effect of smartphone addiction on mobile wallet adoption. Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and subjective norms created the research construct to test the intention to use. In this context, they underlined the importance of communication with the right consumer through proper channels and communication with the appropriate age group. Amoroso et al. [ 49] conducted research among smartphone users in the Philippines to understand mobile wallet intention use. Reciprocity, switching costs, trust, loyalty, habit, and future repurchase constructed a model in this context. The findings revealed that switching cost is not high as adoption, but habit is the most vital mediator.

Merchant intention to use mobile wallet technology in stores was tested to understand the perception and adoption of mobile wallet services. Among Indian merchants, perceived customer value addition and perceived usefulness are the most critical factors in merchant intention to use mobile wallets [ 50]. Gupta et al. [ 51] investigated the factors affecting merchants' intention to adopt mobile wallets and created a comprehensive model combining perceived trust and price value with the help of the UTAUT and TTF models. The research has shown that the task-technology fit is the most important of all variables influencing the intention to use mobile wallets. Shaw [ 52] explored mobile wallet acceptance in Canada, where retailers are unwilling to invest in the technology to upgrade their store equipment until customers display a wider acceptance. The proposed model was built using the technology acceptance model (TAM) expanded with context relevant factors such as informal learning and trust. The findings revealed that mobile wallet acceptance is mainly related to perceived usefulness, whereas informal learning is mediated by trust. Tripathi et al. [ 53] proposed a model incorporating the attitude and subjective norms supporting the perceived usefulness and intention to use mobile wallets in small brick-and-mortar retailers. They stated that perceived trust positively impacts the intention to use mobile wallets, while perceived cost is a negative factor reducing intention to use.

4.1.2. Drivers and Barriers

Although new customers are quite knowledgeable about mobile wallets, Shah et al. [ 54] indicated that mobile wallet adoption remains limited due to safety concerns. Gupta [ 55] showed that the risk factor negatively affects mobile wallet usefulness, reasons to use, and the purpose to use for customers. Mombeuil and Uhde [ 56] investigated the continuous intention to use mobile wallet technology among foreign customers living in China. WeChat Pay users were tested in the context of relative convenience, relative advantages, perceived privacy, and perceived security. Each of the independent variables positively influence the intention to use mobile wallets. Furthermore, compared with the traditional payment methods, WeChat Pay offers more security, privacy protection, and relatively more convenient and advantageous conditions. Mombeuil [ 57] searched Chinese mobile wallet users to present how relative convenience, relative advantage, perceived privacy, and perceived security influence the renewed adoption intention of mobile wallets. According to the results, relative advantage and perceived security are the best predictors of renewed adoption. Sharma et al. [ 31] developed an integrated hierarchical model to present the complex relationship among inhibitors to mobile wallet acceptance in Oman. Anxiety towards new technology, lack of awareness of mobile wallet benefits, lack of new technology skills, and complexity of new technology are the main inhibitors to the intention to use mobile wallets. Building a mixed research model, Chawla and Joshi [ 58] cited that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, security, trust, facilitating conditions, and lifestyle compatibility are the key factors explaining the intention to use mobile wallets among Indian users. Talwar et al. [ 59] focused on the positive and negative word of mouth (PWOM and NWOM, respectively) and examined the continued intention to use mobile wallets resulting from the WOM valence; it was proven that perceived information quality, perceived ability, and perceived benefit significantly affect PWOM, while perceived risk, perceived cost, and perceived uncertainty are the critical factors of NWOM. However, only PWOM spurs continuance intention to use a mobile wallet.

Singh et al. [ 60] explored the drivers related to customer intention, perceived satisfaction, and recommendations for using mobile wallet services in India. The study uncovered that ease of use, perceived risk, usefulness, and attitude are the most influential factors for explaining the intention to use, perceived satisfaction, and recommendation to use a mobile wallet. Furthermore, the studies revealed that the recent Know Your Customer (KYC) process of mobile wallets includes security concerns, low process efficiency, poor customer experience, and data protection issues. It is vital that customers can reach KYC-related documents and control personal data anytime in digital assets. Hassan and Shukur [ 61] claimed that the design of mobile wallet authentication on smartphones should be considered in terms of the intensity of security. Factors such as KYC verification attacks, SIM swapping, and app cloning affect the perceived security of mobile wallet users. Schlatt et al. [ 62] indicated that the blockchain-based infrastructure of mobile wallets enables customers to manage digital identity through creating and storing IDs and cryptographic keys. Moreover, it allows financial institutions to monitor suspicious customer behavior and detect fraud [ 63, 64]. Kavitha et al. [ 65] tried to solve customers' security concerns using a queuing model. They benefited from the features of blockchain technology, which do not allow the change of records without notifying all participants and validating signatures.

The complexity of the global digital ecosystem generates new risks comprising cyberattacks and the threat of data misuse. Such privacy-related risks damage customer confidence and the reputation of the entity. Researchers have proposed various models to assess mobile wallet compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The findings have revealed that country-level data privacy and protection practices are critical to evaluating country-level risk assessment [ 66, 67]. Iqbal et al. [ 68] studied fingerprint verification technology in the case of the mobile wallet. According to the results, elderly people perceive biometric verification technology as a privacy risk and feel insecure about shopping. Adopting a design science approach, Akanfe et al. [ 69] analyzed the privacy policy of mobile wallet apps used in different countries to obtain the financial inclusion score.

Lew et al. [ 70] analyzed mobile wallet adoption in the hospitality industry. They employed self-efficacy, critical mass, and flow theories to clarify the intention to use a mobile wallet. Self-efficacy, perceived critical mass, mobile usefulness, mobile ease of use, mobile self-efficacy, and perceived enjoyment are the key inhibitors that have a significant effect on mobile wallet adoption. Leon [ 29] examined a Colombian mobile wallet network based on a dataset of daily bilateral transfers between users. Beyond the person-to-person transfers, customers frequently use mobile wallets for person-to-business and business-to-business transfers. This increase in complexity proves the adoption of mobile wallets among Colombian users. Campbell and Singh [ 71] studied the behavioral intention to use mobile wallet service and customer innovativeness in digital payment adoption in India. Researchers claimed that perceived ease of use is a distinctive factor in the behavioral intention to use mobile wallets. Surprisingly, perceived usefulness and innovativeness do not positively affect the intention to use. In their study on how perceived regulatory support and promotional benefits affect mobile wallet adoption, Madan and Yadav [ 72] showed that performance expectancy, social influence, perceived risk, perceived value, facilitating conditions, and perceived regulatory support and promotional benefits are significant factors on the intention to use a mobile wallet. Searching for loyalty, satisfaction, and repurchasing intention of mobile wallet applications in Thailand, Amoroso and Ackaradejruangsri [ 73] discovered that personal innovativeness, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness are strongly correlated with customer attitudes. Senali et al. [ 74] found that personal innovativeness negatively moderates the effect of perceived compatibility on intention to adopt mobile wallets. Adjei et al. [ 75] verified that customer satisfaction influences mobile financial services and wallets' continual use. Chaddha et al. [ 76] investigated the reputation of celebrity endorsers on shopping intention toward mobile wallets in India. The outcome of the study confirmed that reputation constructs of the TEARS model positively influence purchasing intentions through a digital wallet. Various technology products provide an online customer experience at physical stores. Vidushi and Kashyap [ 77] designed a model showing that the change in purchase intention is due to mobile wallets, digital signage, smartphone, and click and collect from store technology.

Based on the UTAUT model, a proposed framework was applied to test trust in mobile wallet services and trust in mobile wallet service providers [ 78]. Estiyanti et al. [ 79] investigated the intention to use a mobile wallet in Indonesia. They proposed a model combining TAM with perceived usability. The results showed that mobile wallet adoption through perceived usability, usefulness, and enjoyment are positively effective factors. Using an extended TAM approach, To and Trinh [ 80] shaped the main factors explaining behavioral intention to use a mobile wallet in Vietnam. They found out that perceived enjoyment, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness positively impact the intention to use mobile wallets. George and Sunny [ 81] explored technology adoption models, the influence of various factors, and behavioral studies to understand continued intention to use and actual usage of mobile wallets. For this reason, they built a comprehensive conceptualization of mobile wallet adoption. Through an extended TAM, Seetharaman et al. [ 82] attempted to analyze key factors influencing mobile wallet acceptance in Singapore. The proposed model was created to understand the effects of innovativeness, critical mass, transaction security, transaction speed, trust, flexibility, cost of the transaction, availability of alternatives, consumer privacy, and anonymity on mobile wallet adoption. Singh et al. [ 83] found a significant association between perception, usage, satisfaction, and preference, whereas hedonism, security, and trust are less important to mobile wallet adoption. An integrated UTAUT model was proposed to understand mobile wallet intention to use. Chauhan et al. [ 84] cited Indian banks paying attention to the limited customer acceptance of Fintech-related services such as e-banking, mobile payment, and mobile wallet, which is not wider in society. Extending the UTAUT2 model with factors such as consumer innovativeness, perceived risk, and security information availability, they identified consumer intention to use various e-banking services. Alaeddin et al. [ 85] tested switching attitude and intention from a physical wallet to a mobile wallet. Based on the analysis, the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are the substantial factors in consumer attitude towards switching. Anshari et al. [ 86] expressed that pairing with the rising Internet connectivity and constant interaction with the technology leads to digital wallet adoption for the millennial generation. Using an extended TAM model, Soe [ 87] showed that perceived usefulness was positively affected by the stable Internet connection of mobile wallet users, and governments had a duty in this regard. Singh and Ghatak [ 88] used an extended TAM model with risk, compatibility, cost, usefulness, ease of use, behavioral intention to use, and actual usage to understand mobile wallet adoption. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) model was used to measure the behavioral intention to use the mobile wallet of Generation Z for in-store and online transactions [ 89]. Thanigan et al. [ 90] extended the UTAUT model via perceived value, perceived credibility, and technology anxiety factors. The authors compared the extended model to the original UTAUT model. As a result, regarding overall explanatory power, the extended UTAUT model was detected as robust. Conducting a meta-analysis, Bommer et al. [ 91] investigated the relationship between mobile wallet adoption and the intercorrelation of adoption antecedents obtained from an extended UTAUT model. Price value, social influence, hedonic motivation, and facilitating conditions show a positive impact on intention to use a mobile wallet. Bailey et al. [ 92] explored mobile payment adoption among Latin American customers by examining a bank-sponsored mobile wallet. For this purpose, they applied a revised UTAUT2 model, comprising performance expectancy, effort expectancy, bank trust, consumer innovativeness, consumer optimism, facilitating conditions, perceived quality, and consumer insecurity. Proposing an extended UTAUT model with perceived cost, perceived risk, and demonetization effect, Sobti [ 93] attempted to understand the antecedents of the behavioral intention to use mobile wallets and mobile banking in India. The research outcome verifies that demonetization and facilitating conditions impact technology adoption. Chawla and Joshi [ 94] have synthesized TAM and UTAUT models to set a research method. The authors suggested that mobile wallet service providers may focus on perceived usefulness, security, and lifestyle compatibility. Wamba et al. [ 95] integrated external factors, human orientation, social collectivism, and extended TAM constructs to observe the intention to use a mobile wallet in Cameroon. Sukwadi et al. [ 96] attempted to understand mobile wallet adoption in Indonesia with the help of an extended TAM. Considering the research output, the social influence, perceived ease of use, and mobility corroborated the intention to use mobile wallets. To research consumer-related variables affecting mobile wallet adoption, Amoroso and Magnier-Watanabe [ 11] proposed a comprehensive model to present the rapid diffusion of mobile wallets using the case of the Mobile Suica in Japan. Applying an extended UTAUT model, Limantara et al. [ 97] validated that performance expectancy, social influence, and perceived risk are essential for mobile wallet intention to use in Indonesia.

4.1.3. Differences in Perception of Technology

Lee et al. [ 98] studied satisfaction and perceived enjoyment of using the mobile wallet for Generation Y and Z in Malaysia. The findings revealed that the perceived enjoyment of shopping with a mobile wallet positively affects the buying impulse. At the same time, satisfaction has no direct effect on the buying impulse among Generation Y and Z. Sarmah et al. [ 99] analyzed millennials' intention to use mobile wallets. The outcome of the study showed that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness explain the intention to use; however, trust has a significant impact on the actual use. Exploring mobile wallet intention to use among young Indian users, Kumar et al. [ 100] revealed that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived security significantly impact adoption and satisfaction. Taheam et al. [ 101] traced the factors driving mobile wallet usage among young people in India. They suggested that service providers consider controllability, security, social influence, perceived usefulness, and performance enhancement factors when designing mobile wallets.

The rapid increase in mobile wallet usage was discovered during the pandemic period. Alswaigh and Aloud [ 102] indicated that lifestyle compatibility, facilitating conditions, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use impressed customer behavior under the COVID-19 pandemic conditions. Meanwhile, a pandemic outbreak in Vietnam encouraged customers to adopt mobile wallet usage. Ly et al. [ 103] showed that trust, price-saving orientation, effort expectancy, and social influence lead to the intention to use. Al-Qudah et al. [ 104] conducted a study on the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed that skillfulness is the variable that most influences the intention to use mobile wallets, followed by perceived usefulness and convenience of application. Ming and Jais [ 105] affirmed that perceived usefulness, perceived risk, government support, and social influence positively related to the attitude toward mobile wallet usage during the COVİD-19 pandemic. Astari et al. [ 106] showed that the moderating results of fear of the COVID-19 pandemic on attitudes increased intention to use a mobile wallet. Ojo et al. [ 107] confirmed the importance of perceived COVID-19 risk, perceived government support, and facilitating conditions on influencing mobile wallet intention use. Jaiswal et al. [ 108] searched for pre- and post-adoption factors of mobile wallet usage. The results confirmed that individual mobility, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and facilitating conditions are the critical antecedents of intention to use. Thaker et al. [ 109] further identified performance expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, trust, facilitating condition, and habit as the main inhibitors of mobile wallet use in Malaysia. Lui et al. [ 110] examined Alipay to improve the performance of mobile wallet adoption in Malaysia. They validated that compatibility and perceived usefulness are the motivation behind the intention to use. Reddy and Rao [ 111] classified mobile wallet users to grasp the behavioral intention to use in different customer clusters. Tran and Hien [ 112] discovered that the perceived value of mobile wallets increases customer commitment and recommendation to use mobile wallets. Fanuel and Fajar [ 113] suggested a model for finding mobile wallet adoption drivers. They combined the TAM model with social environment and technological characteristics, thereby detecting the importance of personal experience, job relevance, perceived security, and subjective norms. Studying the moderating effect of gender and age between antecedents of mobile wallet adoption, Chawla and Joshi [ 114] have verified that more male and young customers have an intention to use mobile wallets. Reddy and Rao [ 115] have explored the moderating effect of gender among smartphone users in Spain. According to the findings, women are more influenced by personal innovativeness, while the social environment is more critical for men. While conducting research in India, Sharma et al. [ 116] explained the customer intention to use mobile wallets and its relationship with flexibility of usage, transaction speed, mobility, convenience, trust, usage cost, perceived ease of use, privacy, and anonymity. Malik et al. [ 117] ascertained that trust, incentive, and performance expectancy are positive factors. In contrast, social influence, enjoyment, aesthetics, and ease of use have no direct effect on mobile wallet app adoption. Kavitha and Kannan [ 118] took advantage of an extended TAM model to clarify that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived risk are vital factors for mobile wallet adoption.

4.2. Customer Engagement

Beyond the transaction, customer engagement is an ongoing relationship between the customer and the firm. In an emerging service such as the mobile wallet, it is vital to gain a competitive advantage through correct strategies to maintain customer engagement. Proposing a research model to observe mobile wallet integration with customer engagement, Kumar et al. [ 119] found that mobile wallet integration has an S-shaped relationship with customer engagement.

Exploring the customer experience of mobile wallets, Shankar and Behl [ 120] employed a data-driven mixed-method approach. Also, Ocak and Cagiltay [ 121] investigated customer experience through cognitive modeling and end-user usability testing on the touch screen of a mobile wallet app. The results showed that convenience, contact, interactivity, privacy, and security are the customer experience drivers.

Customer loyalty is a critical process for customer engagement, and users specifically decide whether or not to continue using mobile wallet brands. Gong et al. [ 122] examined mobile payment brand equity and customer loyalty using data from the AliPay and WeChat wallets. The findings revealed that platform application, application service, and service strategy complementarities positively impact brand equity and customer loyalty. Manickam et al. [ 123] investigated India's mobile wallet usage trend. According to the results, customers tend to use mobile wallet brands such as Google Pay and Paytm. Despite the loss of money, transaction failure, and network problems, customers stick to these two brands because of their loyalty. Matemba et al. [ 124] studied customer loyalty factors on mobile wallet usage in the case of WeChat wallets. The authors found that convenience, social influence, and perceived availability of merchant support build customer loyalty. Chohan et al. [ 125] studied customer loyalty to QR code usage in digital payments and mobile wallets. According to the findings, customers' satisfaction, trust, and commitment to make payments with QR Codes increase customer loyalty. Aparna et al. [ 126] analyzed mobile wallet usage in India to build an efficient marketing strategy and build customer engagement. The results showed that customers use mobile wallets for recharging, booking transportation, and movie tickets. Transaction speed, attribute of style, and instant cashback are the reasons behind the higher customer engagement of mobile wallets [ 127]. Lo et al. [ 128] conducted a case study designing a mobile wallet for the needs of local people in Canada, aiming to understand strategies that engage with the customer better and roll out the product.

User awareness is a crucial factor in boosting mobile wallet service. In this context, Mathiraj et al. [ 129] evaluated consumer perception of the mobile wallet. They used the Hendry Garret Ranking method to identify mobile wallet service challenges, levels of perception, and satisfaction. Budiarani et al. [ 130] employed a Kano model to evaluate the service quality of mobile wallets widely used for online shopping. Satisfaction map findings showed that service providers must ensure customer satisfaction by improving items placed in the indifferent quadrant. Foster et al. [ 131] investigated the effect of product knowledge and risk perception on the satisfaction of mobile wallet users. The findings revealed a positive and significant effect. George and Sunny [ 132] have developed a comprehensive model, adding a promotional offer and situational influence of COVID-19 to the classic TAM model. The research results showed that the effects of satisfaction and the situational influence of COVID-19 on the continued usage intention of mobile wallets are strong. Okonkwo et al. [ 133] investigated the perception of mobile wallets in Cameroon, a cash-based economy. Analyses using SEM revealed that contactless financial transactions are not sufficiently compatible with the lifestyle of customers in cash-based economies.

Mobile wallet firms use social media for customer acquisition, relationship management, and promotion to increase popularity [ 134]. It is a substantial strategy that promotes offers to attract mobile wallet users [ 135]. Extracting social media sharings, Grover and Kar [ 136] have explored the customer dynamics and service advertisement of mobile wallets. The findings revealed that entertainment, remuneration, information, and social-based sharings are valuable for customer acquisition. Furthermore, firms need to focus on periodic campaigning and increasing network size. Lim et al. [ 137] examined the innovative function of money gifts over mobile wallet intention to use. The findings demonstrated that the gift functions promote various positive outcomes. Teng and Khong [ 138] have examined mobile wallet user behavior by applying text mining to social media platforms. According to the results, cashback, rewards, and promotional campaigns are attractive to customers. Aji and Adawiyah [ 139] have investigated how mobile wallets encourage spending among young customers. They suggested that promotions, perception of having more money, perceived easiness, and self-control affect young mobile wallet users.

4.3. Competitiveness

Service providers may focus on mobile wallet service quality to gain a competitive advantage over rivals. Kapoor et al. [ 140] indicated ten dimensions to measure service quality based on the literature. Applying a fuzzy TOPSIS approach, they prioritized the service quality drivers to enable companies to set marketing strategies. Kapoor et al. [ 141] suggested six critical dimensions of mobile wallet service quality: convenience, aesthetics, accessibility, security/reliability, responsiveness, and information quality. With the help of these service quality dimensions, they employed the fuzzy TOPSIS approach to rank mobile wallet alternatives in India. Ilankumaran [ 142] suggested that Fintech methods such as mobile wallets become more advantageous than traditional payments by eliminating the paper-clearing in banking transactions. Kumar et al. [ 143] used a time-series methodology to sustain mobile wallet intention to analyze the COVID-19 pandemic period. According to the results, mobile wallet usage accelerated during the pandemic period. Policymakers need to enhance infrastructure, regulation, marketing strategies, and incentives to sustain mobile wallet service in the post-pandemic period.

Ease of use, instant money transfer without using cash, hedonic motivations, transaction security, and privacy cause mobile wallet usage to be more advantageous than traditional payment services. Customers exhibit the innovation-oriented and sustainability-oriented motivation to use a mobile wallet [ 144]. Al-Badi et al. [ 145] aimed to identify mobile wallet drivers and barriers in Oman. One of the critical studies for sustainability in mobile wallet usage showed that the commonly reported barriers are security, awareness, merchants, and financial support. Bagla and Sancheti [ 146] remarked that the challenges of mobile wallets are generated by the gaps between customer expectation and satisfaction. Rana et al. [ 147] investigated mobile wallet sustainability and highlighted two critical factors as implementation challenges. The lack of robust regulatory compliance and customer perception of the value of using mobile wallets are fundamental challenges for implementation. Kumar et al. [ 148] used the main path analysis of the network to describe technological trajectories in mobile payment technology. According to the results, mobile payment technology can be separated into mobile financial transaction systems, mobile wallet services, and payee mobile device payment selection systems. Firms may focus on each landscape to be more competitive in the market. This situation accelerates gaining a competitive advantage in a rapidly growing mobile wallet market. Alam et al. [ 149] cited that firms may determine strategies to leverage strengths and opportunities and overcome weaknesses and threats. They conducted an SWOT analysis to identify the challenges and prospects of using mobile wallets in Malaysia. The findings revealed that companies need to pay attention to the lack of infrastructure as weakness and security concerns, such as cyber-attack threats.

The growth of mobile wallets leads to cashless transactions and economic welfare. Technology advancement contributes to continued mobile wallet intention use [ 150, 151]. Nurcahyo and Putra [ 152] employed the TOE framework, AHP, and TOPSIS methods to identify the inhibitors for collaborative decision-making between e-commerce and service providers. The research validated that a critical priority is the provision of mobile wallet payments. Networks and cooperation, management commitment, and expertise are the other critical factors to competitiveness in e-commerce service. Increasing Internet access and smartphone penetration provide enormous opportunities for the banking industry. Mobile wallet innovations increase Internet banking usage, and ATMs drive a wedge between banking institutions and the traditional form of brick-and-mortar branch banking [ 153]. Omarini [ 154] has investigated the mobile wallet ecosystem and potential sources of competitive advantage for retail banks. According to the research, mobile wallets are essential for banks to become more customer-centric.

The available literature has shown that most research has been on technology adoption using acceptance and behavioral models to understand customer shopping habits. Researchers develop ideas to facilitate the process by investigating how users think and face obstacles using mobile wallet technology.

5. Discussion

Fintech is a technology-enabled financial innovation that transforms traditional transaction methods into a mobile and eco-friendly system. It is a state-of-the-art technology that has come up in recent years related to Industry 4.0 developments. The massive utilization of mobile phones and Internet access significantly accelerates Fintech-based services in stores and online channels. Secure, green, faster, and convenient payment alternatives of Fintech services are the key factors to attracting technology-driven shoppers. Mobile wallets are one of the essential components of Fintech services that enables customers to shop through smartphones. Mobile wallets improve sustainability in payment services as it allows for cashless transactional methods, cost-efficient services, and traceable options.

Mobile wallets have evolved and drawn considerable attention from customers and companies in the context of emerging innovative payment methods in the last decade. In the competitive environment, mobile wallet technology enables firms to gain a competitive advantage and customer acquisition. Considering technology-driven and eco-friendly customer preferences, firms must respond to customer needs through online and in-store mobile wallet integrations. In this context, the secure, green, easy-to-use, and transaction speed features not only cause mobile wallet services to increase in popularity among customers, but also enable the wallets to offer a more sustainable service. However, research on mobile wallets in the literature is limited and has only begun to increase in the last few years. Due to the need for a comprehensive mobile wallet literature survey in the context of sustainability, this study aimed at filling this research gap by covering articles published between 2012 and 2022 over the Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. In addition to conducting a systematic literature review, we presented a better understanding of mobile wallet services and sustainability contribution while proposing new recommendations to enhance future research. For this purpose, the literature was analyzed from the perspective of sustainability, economy, management, and social sciences. Articles that directly examined cryptocurrency trading and mechanism in the context of computer science were excluded. The literature review showed that the documents examined were divided into technology adoption, customer engagement, and competitiveness.

The available literature has shown that most research has been on technology adoption using acceptance and behavioral models to understand customer shopping habits. This situation may be considered as usual to understand the acceptance criteria for a reasonably new technology. Researchers develop ideas to facilitate the process by investigating how users think and face obstacles using mobile wallet technology. The most common findings pointed out that while perceived usefulness, enjoyment, and transaction speed positively affect mobile wallet use, factors such as perceived safety and privacy can often negatively affect the intention to use. However, some researchers have investigated the function of mobile wallet technology on customer engagement. With the service provided by mobile wallet technology in use, customer loyalty and customer acquisition issues has attracted attention. Research has shown that the underlying reason merchants invest in mobile wallet services in their stores and are enthusiastic to is to increase the perceived usefulness and customer lifetime value. The strategies developed by mobile wallet service providers and firms to gain a competitive advantage also led to research on competitiveness. The literature review has revealed that service quality and eco-friendly aspects of mobile wallets in particular positively contribute to competitive positioning. In addition, security and privacy in mobile wallets have drawn attention as topics that have begun to be researched. New methods have been started to strengthen wallet security, which customers can perceive as a weakness of mobile wallets compared with traditional payment services. The continuous development of mobile wallet services, the desire of different sectors to offer this technology, and the developed authentication mechanisms lead research in this direction.

Mobile wallet service provides sustainable, resource-efficient, and innovative solutions. In other words, mobile wallet improvements have significant value, and firms must develop strategies for sustainability, customer acquisition, and competitive advantage. Mobile wallets can be promoted in terms of traceability, usefulness, transaction speed, and security, but there are still many development fields and challenges to intention to use. The conducted literature review revealed potential research gaps as well. The research on technology adoption can be expected to continue as it is a relatively new and emerging technology. According to the examined literature and the knowledge of the authors, there is not any study that investigates the mediating effects of innovation, discomfort, optimism, transaction speed, and trust factors on mobile wallet usage together.

Furthermore, studies evaluating the use of mobile wallets with sustainability effects are relatively few in the literature. Considering that research in this area will both provide a competitive advantage to merchants and reduce the concerns of eco-friendly customers, it can be expected that wallet features will be improved. In this context, the gap in the literature can be filled with the development of environmental traceability to enable customers to track their carbon footprints with smartphones per transaction. Environmental traceability could enable customers with sustainability concerns to take precautions and help raise awareness. Accordingly, mobile wallet services can enable providers to offer more eco-friendly features and merchants to demand more electronic payment methods for a competitive advantage.

Another research area needing improvement, as found in the literature review, is the set of studies focusing on customer lifetime value in mobile wallet usage. This area can present a critical research agenda focusing on churn prevention and customer engagement. Regarding the critical importance of customer retention, presenting user-friendly, fast, and reliable mobile wallets to customers could be essential. In addition, safety and privacy factors, which may be perceived as a weakness by customers, will be on the agenda of future studies to develop mobile wallet applications through innovative technology. Developing mobile wallets that use blockchain technology in various aspects and observing customers' shopping behavior in terms of security and privacy may be the subject of research interest in the near future. In this regard, the research agenda of mobile wallets are expected to focus on developments in sustainability, customer lifetime value, safety, and privacy factors. As a result, future work may increase the acceptance of mobile wallets.

6. Conclusions

Mobile wallets have been the subject of research and continuous development in the last decade. Unlike traditional payment services, mobile wallets offer cashless, eco-friendly, and enjoyable services via smartphones. The relatively new mobile wallet service constantly evolves in line with customer expectations and technological developments, attracting merchants and customers alike. This study conducted a comprehensive literature review to understand this emerging technology better and guide future research.

Considering the average 3.78 g of CO 2 emission per transaction produced when traditional checkout payments are used, and with this amount being multiplied by the number of transactions, it is noticed that mobile wallets are essential for sustainability. Mobile wallet services can help alleviate environmental pollution by being cashless, cardless, and paperless. Getting rid of paper money, coins, and plastic cards are easy-to-use benefits and much greener practices that reduce environmental threats. Moreover, smartphones enable customers to easily trace money in mobile wallets. Given these eco-friendly features, observing how cutting-edge technology such as mobile wallets develops and examining the development stages contributes to understanding how this service improves sustainability.

Literature review studies so far have mentioned mobile wallets as a sub-topic of payment services or have only focused on technology acceptance factors. However, mobile wallet studies have accelerated for several years. In future research, we foresee that mobile wallet developments will be more frequently handled with a focus on sustainability and that its contribution to the environment will be further increased with its traceability feature. In this context, our study is one of the pioneers among studies examining the development of mobile wallets with a focus on sustainability. This study's main contribution and originality is its comprehensive mobile wallet literature review, classification of studies according to the topics, and establishing the concept of sustainability at the center of the research.

As for the limitations of this study, the reviewed documents depend on the three well-known databases used. Therefore, essential documents from different databases may be omitted from the study. Another limitation of the study is the exclusion of articles that describe digital wallet mechanisms focused on cryptocurrency through a technical computer science method. These studies can be added at the discretion of the researcher.

Consequently, the cashless, eco-friendly, and traceable features of the mobile wallet service will be a valuable field of study for future improvements in sustainability, as has been the case for the last decade.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, E.H. and Ö.V.; methodology, E.H.; data curation, Z.T.K.; writing-original draft preparation, E.H., Ö.V., Z.T.K., D.T. and C.A.; writing-review and editing, E.H., Ö.V., Z.T.K., D.T. and C.A.; supervision, E.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Informed Consent Statement

Data Availability Statement

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

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Chicago/Turabian Style

Hopalı, Egemen, Özalp Vayvay, Zeynep Tuğçe Kalender, Deniz Turhan, and Ceyda Aysuna. 2022. "How Do Mobile Wallets Improve Sustainability in Payment Services? A Comprehensive Literature Review" Sustainability 14, no. 24: 16541. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416541

Hopalı, E., Vayvay, Ö., Kalender, Z. T., Turhan, D., & Aysuna, C. (2022). How Do Mobile Wallets Improve Sustainability in Payment Services? A Comprehensive Literature Review. Sustainability, 14(24), 16541. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416541

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How Do Mobile Wallets Improve Sustainability in Payment Services? A Comprehensive Literature Review

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Easy access to the Internet, smartphones, and mobile-based banking change customer shopping intentions. As a crucial component of financial technology (Fintech), mobile wallets enable customers to shop via smartphones. Mobile wallets present a cashless transactional method, cost-efficient services, and traceable options that improve sustainability in payment services.

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THE EFFECT OF MOBILE WALLET INTEGRATION ON E-COMMERCE PAYMENT BEHAVIOR: THE ROLE OF MEDIATING FACTORS

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THE EFFECT OF MOBILE WALLET INTEGRATION ON E-COMMERCE PAYMENT BEHAVIOR: THE ROLE OF MEDIATING FACTORS

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According to the abstract,

The study investigates the impact of mobile wallet integration on consumer trust and payment behavior within the e-commerce sector as mobile payment systems like Apple Pay, Google Pay, and PayPal gain traction, understanding their influence on consumer behavior becomes increasingly essential.

(Author and year): (Bouaddi, M., Sanaa, M., Yassine, L., Filali, E.L., Beddaa, M.) (2025)

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This study explores the relationship between perceived usefulness, relative advantage, and mobile payment e-wallets' usage. Results show a direct correlation between perceived usefulness and continuous usage, but not significantly. However, perceived usefulness positively impacts relative advantage and increases continuous usage. This research provides valuable insights for companies offering mobile payment services, as understanding perceived usefulness can help develop user behavior. (Sujana, Alamsyah, Utomo, et.al., 2021).

The Continuous Usage of E-Wallet Support by Relative Advantage of Mobile Payment

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9743034

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Continuous Usage of E-Wallet Support by Relative Advantage of Mobile Payment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between perceived usefulness, relative advantage, and continuous usage of mobile payment e-wallet users. The research method used is a survey of 200 mobile payment e-wallet users in Bandung (Indonesia). This type of research uses quantitative so that a questionnaire is used to collect data and information from respondents. The data obtained were processed through SmartPLS by testing the Inner and Outer models and testing the research hypotheses. The results of data processing convey that perceived usefulness has a direct relationship with continuous usage but is not able to influence it properly. On the other hand, it is known that perceived usefulness is positively related and able to affect the relative advantage of mobile payment e-wallets. Another finding was conveyed that there was good support from a direct relative advantage in increasing continuous usage of mobile payment. This research has benefits for companies as mobile payment service providers, where there is user behavior that is able to continue to be developed through understanding perceived usefulness.

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E-Wallet: A Study on Cashless Transactions Among University Students

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E-wallet is an application that enable users to download payment cards using a mobile device. It is a new trend for consumers to use an e-wallet application to replace the traditional payment method. With E-wallet, a user does not need to bring cash…

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The study investigates the role of E-Wallets as a payment tool for the millennial generation, focusing on their usability and widespread use among working-age individuals. The findings suggest that many people are well-versed in using E-Wallets and are incorporating them into their daily transactions (D.S. Soegoto and M.P. Tampubolon, 2020).

E-Wallet as a Payment Instrument in the Millennial Era

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/879/1/012139/meta

research gap

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To ensure we keep this website safe, please can you confirm you are a human by ticking the box below.

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In light of the increasing smartphone and internet usage in emerging markets, electronic wallets (e-wallets) have become a trusted and recognized method of digital payment. The primary aim of this paper is to examine the expanding body of research on the adoption of e-wallets in this area. While e-wallets are extensively utilized globally, they have not yet reached mainstream acceptance in developing nations, such as Malaysia (Ahmad Ramli, F. A., 2021).

Mobile payment and e-wallet adoption in emerging economies: A systematic literature review

https://journal.uitm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/JEEIR/article/view/4009

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Mobile payment and e-wallet adoption in emerging economies: A systematic literature review

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Abdullah, N., Redzuan, F., & Daud, N. A. (2020). E-wallet: Factors influencing user acceptance towards cashless society in Malaysia among public universities. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 20(1), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp67-74 Abidin, W. Z., Rivera, O., Maarop, N., & Hassan, N. H. (2017). Mobile payment framework for the unbanked Filipinos.

# data[].attributes.headline
Title: Cashless Transactions: A Study on Intention and Adoption of e-Wallets

# data[].attributes.subject
Title: Cashless Transactions: A Study on Intention and Adoption of e-Wallets

# data[].attributes.body
Name: Elisha David Medel Link: semanticscholar.org/paper/b3954cb181aec3862b5427892112b71ada66a696 Summary: This paper focuses on what drives people to use e-wallets. It highlights factors like ease of use, trust, and usefulness as the biggest reasons why users decide to go cashless. The study also connects this shift to the growing global movement toward digital payments and more modern financial systems. Author and year: (Yang, M., Mamun, A.A., Mohiudin, M., Nawi, N.C, and Zainol, N.R.) (2021)

# data[].attributes.body
(Title): The Study on The Role of E-Wallets Feature in Influencing Universities Students' Purchasing Decisions

https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F379827653_The_Study_on_The_Role_of_E-Wallets_Feature_in_Influencing_Universities_Students%27_Purchasing_Decisions&h=AT2f8Z8TiDFHPOK1WT95zptr7Sdm7cwmRZvKBTU_rB7RTyZ3L2eCMcBq_HaBYuQkk1VyirrLwnppe_zmRzn3U9IbD0DFffcpd6cSsrzEvkz3ue3ZsApo-_Iyze2GECA&s=1

(Name): Fionn Duat

(Summary):this study examines the impact that e-wallet features have on University Malaysia Kelantan students' purchase decisions. Since e-wallets are becoming more and more popular as a safe and easy way to conduct financial transactions, it is critical to comprehend how they affect student customers. Data was gathered from undergraduate students using surveys and interviews using a mixed-methods approach. A range of e-wallet qualities, including simplicity of use, security, rewards, and merchant diversity, were analyzed. Due to its convenience and the availability of alluring incentives, e-wallets are found to have a major influence on students' shopping decisions. The study also reveals how peer relationships and e-wallet perceptions affect students' adoption and usage habits.

(Author and Year): (Dr. Kiran Kumar Thoti)(April, 2024)

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Title: Utilization of E-money on the Students’ Impulsive Buying Behavior Among Students in MMCM

# data[].attributes.subject
Title: Utilization of E-money on the Students’ Impulsive Buying Behavior Among Students in MMCM

# data[].attributes.body
(Name): Elisha David Medel Link: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Utilization-of-E-money-on-the-Students-Impulsive-in-Dawa-Castro/c46c7b45ce25bcbdaefd32db7677cc7d62242d02 (Summary): This research was done locally in South Cotabato and looks at how students’ use of e-money (like mobile wallets) can lead to impulsive buying. It shows that since digital money is easy to access, students are more likely to spend without thinking. The study also points out the need for better financial awareness among young users. (Authors and Year): (Dawa, H.F.L.U., and Castro, A.J.M) (2024)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Utilization of E-money on the Students Impulsive Buying Behavior Among Students in MMCM | Semantic Scholar

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This study investigates the influence of E-money usage on impulsive purchasing behavior among Senior High School students, addressing growing concerns about the effects of evolving financial transaction methods. Using a quantitative research approach and correlational analysis, including Spearman’s Rho, the study examines the relationship between E-money usage and impulsive purchasing tendencies. A representative sample of 100 students was selected through random sampling to provide comprehensive insights. The findings reveal a high level of impulsive buying behavior among the respondents. However, the study found no significant differences in E-money utilization across demographic factors such as strand, age, gender, and grade level. These results emphasize the need for personalized financial education interventions aimed at fostering financial responsibility. The study also recommends expanding research on students’ impulsive buying habits to better understand and mitigate these behaviors. In conclusion, promoting healthy financial habits is essential for addressing the potential risks posed by impulsive spending in an increasingly digital economy. Keywords: Impulsive Buying Behavior, Utilization of E-money, Relationship, Senior High School Students

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Title: From Physical to Digital: Consumer Adoption Process to E-Wallet

# data[].attributes.subject
Title: From Physical to Digital: Consumer Adoption Process to E-Wallet

# data[].attributes.body
(Name): Elisha David Medel (Summary):This study talks about how people are gradually shifting from using physical cash to digital wallets. It focuses on the process of how users start adopting e-wallets and what influences their decision to switch. Things like convenience, security, and promos or rewards really help push people to try and stick with digital payments. (Author and year): (Alfina M.M.) (2020)

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From Physical to Digital: Consumer Adoption Process to E-Wallet | Atlantis Press

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The primary objective of this research is to understand about the consumer adoption behavior of mobile wallet. Practically, this research will be useful for the mobile wallet provider who would like to understand the process which experienced by the user of mobile payment. It is also helpful for individuals such as a students to improve knowledge of…

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