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the Civil War, which occurred from 1861 to 1865 was triggered by tensions over issues such as slavery, states' rights, and regional economic differences. the debate over whether new territories would allow or ban slavery caused the divide between the Northern and Southern states. The conflict eventually turned into a full scale war as both sides wanted to protect their interests and values.

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During the Civil War, social, economic, and political cons happened. the conflict transformed American society as both the Union and Confederate states struggled with the challenges of war, neither side really knowing what to do. the war's impact extended far beyond the battlefield, affecting civilians and soldiers for time to go. leading to advancements in manufacturing and technology were created, such as the railroad for travel. the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 was created. As the country saw the brutal realities of war, it laid a foundation for a new era in American history, shaping the future of the country for years to come.

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reconstruction which followed the American Civil War from 1865 to 1877, was a period aimed at rebuilding the nation and integrating the Southern states back into the Union. the primary goals were to address the social, economic, and political challenges that were created during the war. also to provide a path for the newly emancipated slaves to participate in day to day life. including the 13th amendment which abolished slavery, the 14th amendment that granted equal protection under the law, and the 15th amendment which prohibited the denial of voting rights based on race.

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however, reconstruction faced many harsh challenges, including resistance from white southerns who sought to maintain their same social and economic toxic mindsets,. The starting of the KKK (Ku Klux Klan) and other racist terror practices aimed at taking away the rights of African Americans further complicated the process. the era came to an end with a compromise that northern republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from the South in exchange for support in the election. the end of reconstruction marked the beginning of the Jim Crow era, racial segregation and the disenfranchisement of African Americans in the Southern states. this changed how the legacy of reconstruction would be remembered.

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The political side of the things during Reconstruction also witnessed significant changes. African Americans actively participated in politics, holding various elected positions at the local, state, and federal levels. Reuniting families torn apart by slavery was a significant plus of reconstruction. The abolition of slavery meant that many families, forcibly separated through the slave trade, were able to reconnect. Despite these efforts, the process was complex, and not all families could be reunited due to the harsh realities of slavery and the challenges after the war.

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new jobs were also granted to african americans during reconstruction. as they were not given full rights before and viewed as less than people, this was a bright new opportunity. they could be in places of power. although this may have been stressful to many because the weight of the thought of carrying their whole reputation.

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Since the Reconstruction era, the United States has undergone significant social, economic, and political changes. the Civil Rights Movement of the mid 20th century looked to stop racial segregation and discrimination, building upon the foundation laid during Reconstruction. These efforts, combined with changing the country have led to progress in racial relations and increased inclusiveness, though challenges and hardships persist.

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Diversity has grown everywhere, in schools, in workplaces and more. the impact of these changes is uneven, with certain communities facing challenges related to job displacement, income inequality, and access to education and resources. but reconstruction was a splendid failure. It was an era to help lay out a foundation of our country to work for the better, but the promise was never fulfilled.