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Jones' three levels are salient and a nice overlay to the SEM. As a Black woman, I have experienced institutionalized, personally mediated, and internalized racism. Just like the flower boxes, we can't fully address racism at the SEM level, in public health, and in general, because the foundation (soil) is broken. It's no good and has never been good. We must dismantle the system, views, practices, policies, etc., and rebuild with new equitable approaches (new soil).

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1. This model clearly outlines how structural and systemic issues (racism) transcend across the levels of society and into personal lives. Having a clear depiction of at least one way racism (a systemic issue) directly impacts individual lived experiences can aid programmers in developing programs that better target individual needs from a systemic approach.

2. The methods I would use would rely more than likely start inward and work outward to find a solution. Talking with people about their individual experiences with racism and using those congregate of experiences as a baseline definition/explanation of how racism affects a community is an important way to start.

3. Advancing health opportunities, education, providing more nutritional opportunities, and creating more green spaces in traditionally marginalized communities are a few options.

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Community needs assessments approaches might be enhanced by prompting experts from varied fields to come together and leave their silos. I would use CBPR to address structural racism, b/c the members of the group would determine the best way to start. If it means conversations until consensus, then initial planning & development meetings would be long and ridden. We would all have to do "hard" better, in this instance, until the real work begins. Example strategies I've used professionally where I have encountered opportunities to complete workshops like Undoing Racism are Collective Impact, CBPR, & Intervention Mapping. These allow space to address structural racism, align a group in spite of differences and experiences, and promote forward movement to solve issues at hand.

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I agree with the premise of the article, because it requires those engaged to think on how societal structures that impact health exist as they do, a truly eye-opening exercise. A statement in this article that struck a chord for me referred to a U.S. poll informing that less than 50% of the respondents felt improving education, employment, & housing are effective for improving health. I wonder if this poll, retaken in 2024, after a worldwide pandemic, would show us different responses in the United States. All of us felt the urgency over our children not attending school, pain over evictions, and fear over where the next dollar would come from when unemployed. A guarantee for adequate health literacy is not a component of the U.S. education system, in my opinion. However, plain language efforts to shed more light on the social determinants of health impact on our wellness will move us forward. I've often been of the opinion that health is a grand equalizer - if we do not have our health and wellness, we do not have much at all. I thought critically about this article in light of intervention mapping, my chosen approach for our proposal assignment. It is worth taking the time to understand the "health problem" of the policies and environments as they truly exist. By examining why these are structured as they are, it's possible to begin to craft a solution. There is a lot of benefit to harnessing the difference in understanding across health experts and community members to create positive and lasting solutions. This also would "force" us to map assets and strengths, keeping this upended model in a positive space. To me, the ultimate challenge with this approach is differing levels of health literacy about individual health and SDoH.

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The key points for rethinking ecological models is supporting the a "inside out" change such that the focus is on policy and environmental interventions to help guide tasks and outcomes. This model does not focus on individual interventions but a much broader approach to change. I think its an interesting approach that supports efforts through a systematic way to achieve more awareness and sustainability. Its seems very challenging to change policies first, and interest across the politics to gain their support and possible even funding.

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The SEM helps to determine interventions or understandings of how the social and environmental influences are created and then result in behaviors. This model has various levels that outlines the specific contributing factors and then provides effective targets in each of the levels that can be impacted or changed like racial and ethnic equity, recreation facilities, social networks, etc. This helps the individual in the community health promotion planning and intervention mapping.

The Diffusion of Innovation Theory normally ties in well with the Social Ecological approach as it ties innovations through members in social systems and community based participatory research is also another strong theoretical framework that incorporates social change in improvements and health disparities.

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The SEM is useful for understanding how social and environmental factors can influence health and health behavior. It can be used to identify the multiple levels of influence on health, from the individual to the community to the policy level. This information can then be used to develop interventions that target multiple levels and are more likely to be effective.

The SDOH are the conditions in which people are born, live, and work, which results in shaping their health status. These include but not limited to poverty, education, housing, and access to health care. By understanding the SDOH, we can better understand the root causes of health disparities and develop policies and programs that address these issues.

For my community health promotion planning project, I think I will combine both with an additional HBM.

Other models or theoretical perspectives that could further enhance a social-ecological approach to community health are:

1. The HBM, which focuses on the beliefs and attitudes that people have about health and illness and how these beliefs and attitudes influence their health behavior,

2. The SCT, which emphasizes the role of social learning and self-efficacy in health behavior and

3. The TTM describes the stages of change people undergo when trying to adapt to new health behaviors.

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Question #3: How might a social-ecological approach (combination of SEM and Social Determinants of Health as per FYSB 2015 reading) be helpful for understanding social-environmental influences on health and health behavior and for community health promotion planning? What other models or theoretical perspectives could further enhance a "social-ecological approach" for community health?

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Question #3: How might a social-ecological approach (combination of SEM and Social Determinants of Health as per FYSB 2015 reading) be helpful for understanding social-environmental influences on health and health behavior and for community health promotion planning? What other models or theoretical perspectives could further enhance a "social-ecological approach" for community health?

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Levels of Racism: A Theoretic Frameworkand a Gardener’s Tale

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Levels of Racism: A Theoretic Frameworkand a Gardener’s Tale

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1446334/pdf/10936998.pdf

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Checking your browser before accessing pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov…

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Question #2: Slopen & Heard-Garris (2021)'s article expands our basic social ecological model with a focus on structural racism.  1.) How might this model enhance community needs assessments approaches and community improvement planning for child health promotion? 2.) What methods would you use to explore structural racism? 3.) What are example strategies communities might use to address structural racism factors included in the model?

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Question #2: Slopen & Heard-Garris (2021)'s article expands our basic social ecological model with a focus on structural racism.  1.) How might this model enhance community needs assessments approaches and community improvement planning for child health promotion? 2.) What methods would you use to explore structural racism? 3.) What are example strategies communities might use to address structural racism factors included in the model?

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Question #1: What are the key points for rethinking ecological models in Golden et al's (2015) "Upending the Social Ecological Model" paper? Do you agree with the overall premise of the paper? How would 'upending' the SEM be helpful for community health promotion? What are the challenges?

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Question #1: What are the key points for rethinking ecological models in Golden et al's (2015) "Upending the Social Ecological Model" paper? Do you agree with the overall premise of the paper? How would 'upending' the SEM be helpful for community health promotion? What are the challenges?