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Under Spanish control

Originally controlled by Spanish government, but due to the exploitation of the system they put down (abusive treatment of tribute payers, neglect of local religious instruction, frequent withholding of revenues from the crown) caused them to abandon the system.

The governor general, initially appointed by the king, began to become similar to a medieval monarch in the Philippines

Area itself was chosen because of strategic military location, as well as natural resources

Products in high demand from the Philippines included sugar and hemp, which grew in trade after the completion of the Suez Canal

No public education in the Philippines until 1863

Education was controlled by the church

https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines/The-19th-century

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The British empire imperialized Nigeria in 1820 and has been used for its resources, land, and labor.

The main reason for the British's arrival was for the slave trade.

In the 1870s the Niger trade got very profitable and got noticed by other nations so they defended Nigeria and claimed that if anyone came for their resources it would mean war.

Eventually the British bought the French rivals and created the “Royal Niger Company” So that no one was able to invade.

Nigeria is rich in resources such as oil and palm oil. Both very profitable resources that can be used for useful items.

Nigeria became independent in 1960 so both the British and the French lost the right to go there and weren’t allowed.

Many protests by Nigerian residents took place in protest for outsiders taking there resources.

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Imperialism in Africa by Allison Zangrando 

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Imperialism in Africa by Allison Zangrando 

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grew in size rapidly from 1878 to 1913

Africas power grew and grew the more people moved.

the economic structure of the African society was changed by the Europeans.

Cash crops were introduced to meet the industrial needs of European countries. (Cocoa, coffee and cotton).

The European colonial powers industrialized and modernized Africa. The Africans were used to solely produce raw materials, export them to Europe, and then re-export them to Africa.

Racism was high in Europe causing them to think highly of themselves when it came to Africa.

The Europeans stole multiple ideas and called it their own to make money off their ideas.

Once the European nations began creating farms and mining companies in Africa, they needed people to work on them so they started using Africans as cheap labor.

Africans who lived in certain areas the Europeans moved into, did not have their home anymore.

The Africans were payed in low wages and corporal punishment. They were payed in cash along with food nations.

During imperialism, Africa lost themselves due to the Europeans taking their ideas and culture away from them

African men were separated from their families into slave trade and labor. making families have harder troubles with money and health care without the father.

https://www.lcsnc.org/cms/lib/NC01911169/Centricity/Domain/1414/Effects%20of%20Imperialism%20in%20Africa.pdf

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Colonization of Nigeria:

Nigeria was colonized by the British and ruled indirectly.

Nigeria was a complex area and would require a lot of troops and resources to control.

The British went with a cheaper approach and appointed a local ruler to control the colony.

The English still held some control over the country and guided the rulers on how they had to rule.

They are much stronger than Nigeria and have much more effective weapons. This is why it was easy for them to colonize them and harder for them to fight back with the British.

Sources: Textbook

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This picture shows that the form and method that was used in china was the spheres of influence, they  also let other countries around them rule themselves 

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Forms and methods of Imperialism in China - Eliana Rosin

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Forms and methods of Imperialism in China - Eliana Rosin

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china was colonized by other countries such as Britain, Portugal, Russia

Many countries controlled the majority of trade in china

China was divided into a number of spheres of influence

Areas with foreign imperial powers were granted special political and economic rights in the country

In order to avoid competition between imperial powers for control of china the untied states made the open door policy which made empires not to force china to trade with their rival countries

This opened more trade opportunities for china

And for the western powers, it also created a large market for the goods from across the world

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjR5LCf1PiDAxVTv4kEHeKIAuAQFnoECAkQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historycrunch.com%2F&usg=AOvVaw2GoOCM9rj3ct9HXRdbqvxp&opi=89978449

China also had used direct control over territories while forcing the Qing empire to make concessions and policies to benefit themselves

China also made positive effects occur such as more opportunities for trade and jobs

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjqssnH1fiDAxWNlokEHUAoC6EQFnoECBcQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FWestern-colonialism%2FThe-Opium-Wars&usg=AOvVaw1tKaHpeu9jBPGBf-trvmRz&opi=89978449

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. During China’s imperialism many good things happened for china, but the good things always come with problems

.Many Chinese people didn’t like how things were being run and rebellions occurred like The Taiping rebellion and The Boxer rebellion.

. Their biggest problem was opium addiction

. The Chinese didn’t get it themselves Foreign places such as Britain smuggled it into china and passed it around for recreational purposes

. The Chinese ended up getting addicted and this was a good thing for the foreign countries because the Chinese would be easier to control.

https://blogs.bu.edu/guidedhistory/moderneurope/tao-he/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_imperialism

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Spain is located in southwestern Europe

Spain led European global exploration and colonial expansion in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries

Imperialist Spain was one of the largest empires in the world

It had lasting effects in nearly all the lands they controlled, including Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Puerto Rico, Cuba, America and many other countries these effects were language, religion, culture, and art

The Spanish culture was a huge influence on other countries traditions, culture and the way they think

Art such as painting and sculpture were very influential

At a point in time the Spanish empire was the largest and richest empire in the world

Religion was a huge influence to these countries as they adapted Catholicism

Spain kept control of two colonies in its empire in America, Cuba and Puerto Rico It also held onto the Philippines and some preserved islands in Oceania including the Caroline Islands

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The British ruled Burma as a part of India from 1919 until 1937.

1937, Burma was made a crown colony of Britain.

Britain in part used Burma as a buffer zone between India and the rest of Asia.

also buffer zone is basically a neutral area that stays/lies between two or more bodies of land).

The British named the country Burma in honor of the Burmans, the more dominant ethnic group.

British rule introduced significant changes to Burma's traditional economy.

Land and Agriculture: The introduction of private property rights led to the displacement of peasants. Large tracts of land were turned over to rice cultivation for export, leading to the 'Rice Bowl of Asia' phenomenon.

the rice bowl of asia phenomenon= Myanmar was considered the rice bowl of Asia. The British colonial government made rice production a priority in the late 19th Century, and investment in the Irrawaddy Delta for rice cultivation was among the largest single colonial investments in development anywhere in the world.

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Imperialism in Africa was to blame for the damage to the culture and economies there today

Colonialism began in Nigeria to secure raw resources and and goods

The British never intended to stay and establish an industry so Nigeria could never really establish an industry of their own beyond Britain’s occupation

Nigeria had the potential to grow but British quickly stole their resources and Nigeria lost its chance to produce their own products

Britain not only stole Nigeria’s raw materials, but they also caused conflict within the communities in Nigeria

For example, Nigerian communities, Aguleri and Umuleri engaged in a full blown war due to the British because communities became very competitive

and although Nigeria has long since gained its independence from Britain, the aftermath of imperialism still affects the country today

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Britain had invaded Egypt in 1882 because they wanted to defeat the Urabi Revolt. This revolt had threatened their economic interests in Egypt.

Britain Veiled protectorate(1882-1913), Formal protectorate(1914-1922), and Continued occupation (1922-1956).

Britain’s colonized Egypt because they wanted to control them and profit off of its economy.

The British also wanted to secure their access to Asia.

Britain’s occupation saw an increase in archaeological fieldwork, tourism, and irrigation projects to boost Egypt’s cotton production/exportation.

Egypt would eventually declare independence in 1922, but Britain didn’t remove their troops till 1956 after the Suez Crisis.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwjvqZfU0_iDAxUDnokEHWbvBCYQFnoECAwQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdiginole.lib.fsu.edu%2Fislandora%2Fobject%2Ffsu%3A253535%2Fdatastream%2FPDF%2Fdownload&usg=AOvVaw1DEOO1bqFTjsI4oJwTaPKW&opi=89978449

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Kimberly Ramirez~Phillippine Islands method of imperialism 

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Kimberly Ramirez~Phillippine Islands method of imperialism 

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1) United States took over Philippines Islands after winning Spanish American War

2) Cultural Imperialism Filipinos were forced to accept Christianity by the spanish

3) Filipinos were introduced to a new culture and language

4) In 1565 Spain imperialized the Philippines, ruled the Philosophies for over 333 years

5) Filipinos were angry about United States trying to imperialize them that they started war in 1899, Americans won the war in 1902

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-Europeans often colonized Nigeria for its central role in the slave trade, as well as for land and valuable resources. In particular, British occupation and Imperialization has had a significant impact on the country’s history

-The British put in place and administrative system known as indirect rule.

-Positives to British rule: Western education, the English language, and Christianity spread during the period. With the new education and resources brought by the British the people of Nigeria were able to create new forms of currency, transportation, and communication. This allowed them to globalize their economy and expand their trade to other European nations, as well as African nations

-directly after the British took control of Nigeria they split it up into two territories, the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria and the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria

-This created a country that is literally divided increasing political and ethnic tension

-While colonization encouraged industry in Nigeria it also forced “many people in the country to migrate to work elsewhere”

https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Imperialism-In-Nigeria-FCAC2VJPY8V

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Spain is located in southwestern Europe

Spain led European global exploration and colonial expansion in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries

Imperialist Spain was one of the largest empires in the world

It had lasting effects in nearly all the lands they controlled, including Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Puerto Rico, Cuba, America and many other countries these effects were language, religion, culture, and art

The Spanish culture was a huge influence on other countries traditions, culture and the way they think

Art such as painting and sculpture were very influential

At a point in time the Spanish empire was the largest and richest empire in the world

Religion was a huge influence to these countries as they adapted Catholicism

Spain kept control of two colonies in its empire in America, Cuba and Puerto Rico It also held onto the Philippines and some preserved islands in Oceania including the Caroline Islands

Link:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiD7Yrl0_iDAxX_lYkEHVhuA2M4ChAWegQIBhAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2Fessay%2FImperialist-Spain-Causes-And-Effects-Of-The-FJZAYYMM2R&usg=AOvVaw3rUvf4pU5hIiYGihLdno3_&opi=89978449

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Nigeria was imperialized by the British Empire.

The British used Nigeria for crops and resources.

Britain annexed lagos in 1861 and established the oil river protectorate in 1884.

Britain later assisted an anti-slavery Nigerian to replace a Nigerian who had supported slavery.

Nigeria was fully colonized by the British in 1903.

British wanted to target Nigeria because of there resources and what they had.

British wanted products like palm oil and palm kernel and export trade in tin, cotton, cocoa, groundnuts, palm oil and so on.

Nigeria was treated by the British harshly, the British had ethnic and religious identity exploited to maintain control.

imperialism also unified northern and southern Nigeria. Later, Britain assisted Nigeria in becoming an independent democracy.

Before Imperliasm Nigeria had a monarchical system of government.

By: Evan Ctorides

More Info:

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwiQxJuh1PiDAxUKnokEHY5YAdkQFnoECA8QAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FNigeria%2FThe-arrival-of-the-British&usg=AOvVaw0ce-eloqXxUoA08tbluYo7&opi=89978449

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Slaves formerly had been traded for European good, especially guns and gunpowder, but now the British encouraged trade in palm oil, ostensibly to replace the trade in slaves.

The Sokoto jihad and the Yoruba wars stimulated the Slave trade

The british were not yet willing to assume the expense of maintaining an administration in Nigeria.

By the 1870s the Niger trade was becoming profitable and a few french companies took notice

Two other protectorates were declared, one over the oil rivers and the other over the hinterland of Lagos.

The boundaries of the two protectorates and the territories of the Royal Niger company were difficult to define, but the tension was eased in 1894 when both entities were merged into the Niger Coast Protectorate.

Websites:

https://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/The-arrival-of-the-British

By: Madison Montero

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The French culture has left a strong impact on the culture of the Moroccans

When the French and Spanish imperialized Morocco, the country was at a time of financial instability

Between 1912 and 1956 was the period of French rule

With the signing of treaty of Fez, by Sultan abd al- Haifad through the French military, they started to invade

The French protectorate lasted until the dissolution of the Treaty of Fez on 2 March 1956, with the Franco-Moroccan Joint Declaration

France preserved its influence in the country, including a right to station French troops and to have a say in Morocco's foreign policy. French settlers also maintained their rights and property.

The French protectorate shared territory with the Spanish protectorate, established and dissolved in the same years; its borders consisted of the area of Morocco

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_protectorate_in_Morocco

By Avery Grossman

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Portugal imperialized over 50 countries They also imperialized 8 colonies

Their power was established from the 15th century and it eventually expanded from the Americans to Japan

They imperialized Africa to gain such fabrics, spices, and gold to motive them for a European quest

Portugal started imperializing in 1415 to 1999

For Portugal slavery ended in 1761

They were most powerful in 16th and 17th centuries and they were knowned as the golden age

Portugal was really good at trading waging

Roman Empire conquered Portugal and then the Germanic peoples 9

Websites:

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi_05SS1_iDAxXVFFkFHZeXD8IQFnoECAYQAw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F10%2F30%2F660540715%2Fblack-portuguese-plan-a-memorial-to-honor-enslaved-ancestors%23%3A~%3Atext%3DPortugal%2520proudly%2520claims%2520to%2520be%2Cslavery%2520following%2520a%25201761%2520decree.&usg=AOvVaw0gKFoeGh72oEcR8gARiL7E&opi=89978449

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi_05SS1_iDAxXVFFkFHZeXD8IQFnoECAUQAw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsc.edu%2Fabout%2Foffices_and_divisions%2Feducation_abroad%2Fplan_your_experience_abroad%2Fprogram_directory%2Fgcp_childs.php%23%3A~%3Atext%3DProgram%2520Description%253A%2Chad%2520colonies%2520across%2520the%2520globe.&usg=AOvVaw1U5K95iCHn09nsl4iGDTr1&opi=89978449

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwi_05SS1_iDAxXVFFkFHZeXD8IQFnoECAYQAw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F10%2F30%2F660540715%2Fblack-portuguese-plan-a-memorial-to-honor-enslaved-ancestors%23%3A~%3Atext%3DPortugal%2520proudly%2520claims%2520to%2520be%2Cslavery%2520following%2520a%25201761%2520decree.&usg=AOvVaw0gKFoeGh72oEcR8gARiL7E&opi=89978449

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwj495Xg1viDAxWVvokEHdguCJYQFnoECC0QAw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fagex%2Fhd_agex.htm%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAccess%2520to%2520commodities%2520such%2520as%2Cto%2520Sierra%2520Leone%2520in%25201460.&usg=AOvVaw2sZdkqyQLUNpiLuVeLTzOU&opi=89978449

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwj495Xg1viDAxWVvokEHdguCJYQFnoECCwQAw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FPortuguese_Empire%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DDefinition%26text%3DThe%2520Portuguese%2520Empire%2520was%2520established%2CBrazil%252C%2520Angola%252C%2520and%2520Mozambique.&usg=AOvVaw0dEA_woluyYFXWyquSpb34&opi=89978449

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwj495Xg1viDAxWVvokEHdguCJYQFnoECCsQAw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffeatures%2F2021%2F3%2F10%2Fhow-portugal-silenced-centuries-of-violence-and-trauma%23%3A~%3Atext%3DOften%2520by%2520force%252C%2520and%2520under%2CMozambique%252C%2520Goa%2520%25E2%2580%2593%2520and%2520Brazil.&usg=AOvVaw3dLxz0uq5x0dbrCwmHwsjg&opi=89978449

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The French invasion of Russia (Russian campaign) was initiated by Napoleon with the aim of compelling the Russian Empire to comply with the blockade of the united kingdom

France had alot of European conflicts with many european countries after the French Revolution.

Their main target was russia due to the amount land and resources.

Alexander I issued a war against prussia in April of 1812, and their primary goal was to defeat the Imperial Russian Army.

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Europeans took interest in china

China developed new materials that would help

Europeans took advantage of chinas products

Occurred in primarily in the 19th century

Dominated by the major powers of the time, such as Britain, France, Germany, Japan and Russia

China struggled to maintain their own sovereignty and came under the control by foreign influences

Opened up china to more trade opportunities for the Western powers

Created a large market for the goods across the world

https://www.historycrunch.com/imperialism-in-china-overview.html#/

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The location of India was a great advantage for trade because it was located at the center of the Trans - Indian Ocean routes which connects the European countries in the west & the countries of East Asia (India).

India was a major supplier of raw materials for that workshop.

Most of the raw materials were agricultural products on plantations.

Britain viewed India as a source of raw materials that could be used to fuel factories in England.

Plantation crops included tea, indigo, coffee, cotton & jute.

Slavery was prohibited in the possessions of the East India Company by the Indian Slavery Act of 1843, in French India in 1848, British India in 1861 & Portuguese India in 1876.

The British Raj was the period of direct British rule over the Indian subcontinent from 1858-1947.

The British held much of the political & economic power.

The British restricted Indian-owned industries such as cotton textiles.

The emphasis on cash crops resulted in a loss of self - sufficiency for many villagers.

The conversion to cash crops reduced food production, causing famines in the late 1800s.

The increased presence of missionaries & the racist attitude of most British officials threaten traditional Indian life.

Sources: https://www.historycrunch.com/british-imperialism-in-india-impacts.html#/ https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_India https://www.britannica.com/event/British-raj

Textbook

By: Nidhi Tekale

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The U.S seized the Philippines and many other places like Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam in 1889 as a result of victory in the war with Spain.

At the time close to 16 million people were living in the Philippines and the U.S denied the people who at the time lived in the Philippines the rights to full citizenship.

During this time they waged wars, conducted dangerous medical experiments on the population, and imposed economic, social and political to benefit their economic interests.

During 1898 the U.S occupied the Philippines mainly because the Filipinos controlled most of the archipelago and refused to have a new colonial ruler.

The U.S refused to recognize Philippines independence and sent 2/3 of their army (125,000 troops) to impose their authority.

After 3 years when the war was finally over it was said that no less than 50,000 Filipino soldiers died.

https://www.dwherstories.com/timeline/u-s-imperialism-in-the-philippines#

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BRITAIN TAKES ONE MORE! WHY NIGERIA? by Peace Akhibi

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BRITAIN TAKES ONE MORE! WHY NIGERIA? by Peace Akhibi

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Nigeria is a country in West Africa and was colonized by the British for the aim of acquiring Nigeria’s resources like palm oil, palm kernel, tin, cotton, cocoa, groundnut and so on.

Colonial Nigeria was ruled by the British Empire from the mid 19th century until October 1st, 1960 when Nigeria achieved independence.

Similar to most other British colonies, Nigeria was administered through indirect rule which involved ruling the African inhabitants through their native rulers.

The colonial period in Nigeria first began with the slave trade in the 15th century.

The Portuguese paved the way for the slave trade in Nigeria making them the first European country to trade with Nigeria, albeit, they didn’t colonize it. Contrary to popular belief, the Nigerians themselves started the slave trade by selling prisoners of war to the Portuguese as slaves.

In the 18th century, around the time that the British replaced the Portuguese as the leaders of the slave trade, British traders settled in the Niger River known as Lagos. They placed their focus on obtaining goods to increase their ability to trade.

The British began colonizing the area by defeating different power heads and gaining control over the Royal Niger Company’s territories.

The Royal Niger Company sold its holdings to the British government for £865,000 (1.1 million dollars). That was the amount Britain paid to basically acquire the area that would later be known as Nigeria.

British first annexed Lagos in 1861 and then established the Oil River Protectorate in 1884 but didn’t effectively occupy the area until 1885 when they established dominance over the area in the Berlin Conference.

Nigeria was initially three colonies, the southern and northern Nigeria protectorate and the colony of Lagos, but was amalgamated as the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria at the urging of Governor Frederick Lugard.

After being colonized, the slave trade system in Nigeria was abolished by the British. The British also controlled Nigeria religiously by establishing Christianity.

Through indirect rule, the British could profit from the economy of Nigeria that, because of their intervention, was primarily based on the export of different crops including palm oil, cacao, cocoa and peanuts.

The British soon later created a “divide and rule policy “ in order to deal with the diversity of groups of the area they had essentially created and defined as a colony. This could keep different Nigerian groups as far away from one another as possible.

Further divisions within the country came about when “traditional authorities “ led the north and subsequently Islam resisted the spread of Christianity. However, the south was home of a “political hierarchy” in which the British ruled through “those who were most malleable”. Here, Christianity spread quickly adding further tensions to the area.

The British added their part of the former German colony, Cameroon, to Nigeria which expanded the diversities within the borders of Nigeria.

The British did have trouble controlling Nigeria, partly due to Pan-Africanism which is a term for movements in Africa with the goal of uniting Africa and eliminating colonialism and white supremacy. The movement inspired the first political party of Nigeria which fought against the British rule via the youth, media, educated and the farmers.

The British responded by slowly changing the governing system within Nigeria to allow the people to have more of a voice. This, however, resulted in further divisions and disagreements among Nigeria.

The British recognized that the independence drive had started to gain traction after World War Two and the steered the country then colony and the protectorate towards a self-governance model.

On the 1st of October in 1960, the federation of Nigeria was formally independent from Britain and joined the commonwealth of nations (CON). The Union Jack flag was lowered for the Nigerian green-white-green national flag. Unlike countries like America, Algeria and Haiti, Nigeria secured her independence through nonviolent means.

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Niger Delta Black Gold Blues: Can Writers Bring About Environmental Justice Where Slow Violence Has Proven So Devastating? or A Cautionary Tale for Environmental Sacrifice Zones Worldwide

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By Kaitlyn Alme

The colonial period in Nigeria began with the slave trade in the 15th century. According to an article from The Commonwealth entitled "Nigeria: History," the Portuguese paved the way for the slave trade, and Nigeria was a big area of business for them. They sold slaves in order to obtain spices and weapons in other areas. However, the article written by John Edward Phillips entitled "What's New About African History?" states that the Nigerians themselves were the ones who provided the slaves. Tensions between different ethnic groups and tribes caused prisoners of war, so to speak, who would be sold to the Portuguese as slaves. For many Nigerians, this was their main source of income.

"Nigeria: History" also states that by the 18th century, the British had replaced the Portuguese as the leaders of the slave- trade business. According to Google Culture Institute's "Birth of the Nigerian Colony," British traders settled in Nigeria around this time in an area that surrounded the Niger River known as Lagos. The abolition of the slave trade was the key moment when the British truly "intervened in the region." They placed their focus on obtaining goods to increase their ability to trade, as well as on converting the people of the area, which was previously heavily Muslim, to Christianity.

The British began their colonization of the area by slowly moving around the area and defeating different power heads in order to obtain more trading goods. According to an article written by Toyin Falola titled "Nigeria as a Colony," the British government gained control over the Royal Niger Company's territories, and added on lower regions near the river to create the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. The British kept their control over Nigeria via indirect rule, which meant that local leaders would govern the area under orders of the British. This way, the British could profit from the economy of Nigeria that, because of their intervention, was based primarily on the export of different crops including palm oil, cacao, and peanuts, while also not getting in the way of ethnic tensions.

Falola also writes that in order to deal with the diversity of groups of the area they had essentially created and defined as a colony, the British created a "divide and rule policy" that could keep different Nigerian groups as far away from one another as possible. Further divisions among the country came about from the fact that "traditional authorities" led the north, and subsequently Islam resisted the spread of Christianity. The south, however, was home of a "political hierarchy" in which the British "ruled through those who were most malleable." Here Christianity spread quickly, adding further tensions to the area by separating people in both religion and politics.

Following WWII, Kamerun (Cameroon), a former German colony, was to be divided based on a League of Nations Mandate between the British and the French. According to Falola, the British added their part of the Former German colony to Nigeria, and once again, the diversity within the borders of Nigeria expanded. The British had a hard time keeping control of Nigeria, partly due to the trouble between groups and partly due to Pan-Africanism and the struggle to liberate black people form racism and European domination. The movement inspired the first political party of Nigeria, which fought against the British rule via the youth, the media, the educated, and the farmers.

The response of the British included slowly changing the governing system within Nigeria in order to allow the Nigerian people to have more of a voice. However, this resulted in further divisions and disagreements among Nigerians. Near the mid 20th century, many groups in Nigeria were fearful of gaining independence, for they knew the major ethnic groups would gain control of the new country. However, by 1960, Nigeria achieved its independence (Falola).

The following map shows 21st century Nigeria and the major ethnic groups that live within the country. Because the colonial powers drew national borders around so many different groups, the postcolonial history includes the struggle for power among various factions. To learn about other issues regarding Nigeria's population and government in the viewpoint of a Nigerian author, see this page.

Works Cited

"Birth of the Nigerian Colony - Google Cultural Institute." Birth of the Nigerian Colony - Google Cultural Institute. Web. 31 Mar. 2016. <https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/u/0/exhibit/birth-of-the-nigerian-colony/ARi_MKdz?hl=en&position=44%2C0>.

Falola, Toyin O. "Nigeria - Nigeria as a Colony." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 31 Mar. 2016. <http://www.britannica.com/place/Nigeria/Nigeria-as-a-colony>.

"Nigeria : History." The Commonwealth. Web. 25 Mar. 2016. <http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/nigeria/history>.

Phillips, John Edward. "What's New About African History?" History News Network. Web. 31 Mar. 2016. <http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/24954>.

Niger Delta Black Gold Blues : Can Writers Bring About Environmental Justice Where Slow Violence Has Proven So Devastating? or A Cautionary Tale for Environmental Sacrifice Zones Worldwide

Environmental History of the Niger Delta and its People Jonathan Steinwand Contents of this path:

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Niger Delta Black Gold Blues: Colonial History of Nigeria: Slave Trade, Resource Extraction, and the Invention of a National Territory

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This site requires Javascript to be turned on. Please enable Javascript and reload the page. By Kaitlyn Alme The colonial period in Nigeria began with the slave trade in the 15th century. According to an article from The Commonwealth entitled "Nigeria: History," the Portuguese paved the way for the slave trade, and Nigeria was a big area of business for them.

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Europeans took interest in china

China developed new materials that would help

Europeans took advantage of chinas products

Occurred in primarily in the 19th century

Dominated by the major powers of the time, such as Britain, France, Germany, Japan and Russia

China struggled to maintain their own sovereignty and came under the control by foreign influences

Opened up china to more trade opportunities for the western

https://www.historycrunch.com/imperialism-in-china-overview.html#/

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Angola was first colonized by the Portuguese empire.

The portugeuse gradually took control of the costal area any series of treaties and wars through the 16th century and intrest in Angola .

Portugal used Angola as a source of slaves , ivory , rubber

Angola was imperilized October 20 1951

Portuguese controlled Angola during the imperialism

Before the imperialism agnola was dominated by tribe kingdoms

Agnola nickname is the land of the giant stable .

Agnola was a company for five centuries