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Fungal Nail Infections | Fungal Diseases | CDC

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Fungal nail infections, also called onychomycosis, are common infections of the fingernails or toenails that can cause the nail to become discolored, thick, and more likely to crack and break.

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Fungal nail infections are caused by many types of fungi in the environment, the most common being Onychomycosis. It can enter your nail through small cracks or via the surrounding skin and cause infection. The nail can become discolored, thick, fragile, cracked, or even separate from the nail bed. There is a high rate of recurrence. (More)

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Onychomycosis

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Title: Scanning Electron Microscope Imaging of Onychomycosis in: Journal ...

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1. Discoloration of the nail.

2. Thickened nail.

3. Nail lifted from the nailbed.

(More)

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1. PREVENTION:

Keep hands and feet clean and dry.

Don't walk barefoot in public showers/changing rooms.

Keep nails short and clean.

2. TREATMENT:

Prescription antifungal pills taken by mouth.

Topical antifungal cream.

New laser technology

3. Reccurence is common and is more likely in people with diabetes.

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"Gupta AK, Hall DC, Cooper EA, Ghannoum MA. Diagnosing Onychomycosis: What's New?"New organism identification methods seek to be faster and more accurate in diagnosing and with good success, artificial intelligence has been used to aid in visual identification.

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1. DIAGNOSIS:

Clinical features, traditional KOH direct microscopy and fungal cultures.

In more recent years, dermoscopy has provided new options for the diagnosis of Onychomycosis. (More)

2. TREATMENT:

Oral prescription drugs are favorable in treating nail fungus but prove to create unwanted/harmful side effects.

The most common treatment is topical cream as it is cheaper and less likely to cause harm, although it isn't very effective.

New research has been focused on chemical, mechanical, and physical methods to improve drug delivery. Penetration enhancers enhance drug penetration across the nail plate so that more physical methods such as, iontophoresis, laser and Photodynamic therapy can be used. (More)

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Shari R. Lipner, MD, PhD; New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center

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"When onychomycosis is caused by dermatophytes, it is called tinea unguium. The term onychomycosis encompasses not only the dermatophytes but the yeasts and saprophytic molds infections as well. An abnormal nail that is not caused by a fungal infection is a type of dystrophic nail." (Myron A. Bodman, Karthik Krishnamurthy; National Library of Medicine)