# data[].attributes.body
Our group agreed to develop ecotourism because...

1. ...

2. ...

# data[].attributes.headline
One group member proposed... because...

# data[].attributes.subject
One group member proposed... because...

# data[].attributes.body
One group member proposed... because...

Two members agreed because...

One member suggested...

The final decision is...

# data[].attributes.body
We all agreed that... because...

Pros and cons...

# data[].attributes.body
We decided to develop ecotourism due to…

1. Increase locals’ living standards

2. Able to as a way to promote the traditional history and culture to tourists

3. Serve as a chance for locals to communicate with tourists

4. If government thinks the land have its use therefore it won’t try to develop and collect natural gas with the land

# data[].attributes.body
We all agree to choose seek help from government as the village residents are tend to be low income group, with the help of government, the infrastructure cost can be transferred to government and reduce the financial burden of the villagers due to the development on ecotourism.

# data[].attributes.body
Yes.

1. Spread local culture: allow tourists to learn about local traditional, customs and the way of life -> culture preservation.

2. Promote economic growth: source of income and employment such as guides and accommodation -> relieve poverty and improve local infrastructure and transportation -> better quality of life.

3. Promote conservation of natural resources: raise awareness about the value of the environment.

4. Conserve local tribes: increase awareness in the globe, get subsidy from UN -> support local life, prevent from extiction.

# data[].attributes.body
Our group agreed to develop ecotourism because

1. It helps to increase locals' income brought by the development of ecotourism sector. This will lead to increased standards of living for locals due to the increase in employment from increased job opportunities. Expansion of their economic sector is also possible due to the diversification of jobs with the addition of jobs related to the ecotourism sector.

2. It ensures that natural resources are not exploited for development. This helps to avoid extinction of local plants and animal species to maintain biodiversity.

3. Promote and preserve local culture by educating tourists. This can enhance wellbeing and stability of the local community.

4. Increased income leading to economic growth can help to promote the development of local infrastructure and transportation, boosting further economic growth.

# data[].attributes.body
Even though we did not choose NGO at the first, however after the game we think it is more considerable with seeking help on development in ecotourism. It is mainly because the government has more restrictions on regulations control due to the law from government, thus the government may try to get back the land from villagers to have further development which may have contrast opinion with villagers and hence leading to protest. In which NGO may have fewer restrictions and also aid villagers for development.

# data[].attributes.body
Our group agreed to develop ecotourism because:

1. Families would increase their income for living and have more opportunities to educate themselves in the towns, while the community would obtain plenty of capital to improve facilities for tourists, thereby maintaining the quality of ecotourism for them.

2. the forest is protected due to increased economic value and the government has reduced its thought to clear the forest and develop

Potential problem:

1.) Influence on local culture

For example, if the local community cooperates with the international organizations, it is unavoidable for the local community to transform under the influence of outside culture.

# data[].attributes.body
We all agreed not to introduce an NGO to the community, and we also agreed to only involve them in the first stage of development. This is because an NGO can help bring knowledge and skills to the community, especially in areas where they may initially be unfamiliar with ecotourism. However, it is important to note that NGOs may also bring universal values that might not be applicable or could potentially diminish the local culture.

# data[].attributes.body
Comparing over tourism and banning tourism in community do you think which have fewer disadvantages to the villagers? Why?

Do you think keeping the traditional culture is more considerable or adding some modern or new elements to the community tourism is more adaptable? Why? (e.g. Music festivals in the villages like in the game)

# data[].attributes.body
One group member proposed building an additional hostel to increase the capacity for accommodating tourists and to sustain the community as an excellent ecotourism destination, thereby increasing the financial resources available.

All of the other members agreed with this proposal. They also emphasized the importance of cultural activities, such as shows, as an integral part of ecotourism. Therefore, they suggested including cultural experiences in the itinerary of the trip to provide a well-rounded and enriching experience for the visitors.

# data[].attributes.body
We all agreed that ecotourism should be separated from agriculture because…

1. Less cultural invasion -> retain natural scenario of the tribes, less damage

2. Ensure the balancing of income: not over-rely on ecotourism

3. Ensure that those who do not support ecotourism can also get income from agriculture: Some tribes disagree ecotourism from the beginning, retaining some agricultural land can allow them to continue their way of income.

# data[].attributes.body
We all agreed to introduce NGOs in the first stage of the introduction of ecotourism to kickstart the industry.

By doing so, the locals will able to gain deeper insight into the workings of operating ecotourism in the community.

The local NGO has prior professional experience of operating ecotourism hence they can provide tips and relevant guidance.

NGOs also have the capacity to provide a plethora of resources including their global marketing techniques, their English teaching course to educate locals allowing them to become tour guides, and they can leverage their international base to reach more potential tourists.

However, we are concerned about potential negative impacts that bringing on an NGO may cause.

They may overpower the local community head and make decisions on behalf of them.

They may also interfere with their customs and traditions, as well as their lifestyle. For example, an integral part of their economic production was from hunting and farming, however, this was banned by the NGO.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Better ecotourism management: NGOs often have specialised knowledge and expertises -> provide guidance -> better management

2. Bridge between the local community and the world: understand the local needs, communicate with the globe to ensure a sustainable and non harmful development.

# data[].attributes.headline
Use a small group of community members to start the development

# data[].attributes.subject
Use a small group of community members to start the development

# data[].attributes.body
We all agreed that at the beginning of the development only some of the community members should be involved, as some of them are still reluctant to accept ecotourism, and so the good result of the development could be used to persuade them to accept further development and to be willing to put effort into the community.

# data[].attributes.body
We decided to separate land for agriculture and ecotourism and we didn’t extend the development of ecotourism

-> conflicts among tribes, many decided to use woodland for farming activities

-> decreased rainforests, reduced biodiversity and some animals and plants even becomes extinct

-> continual drop of income

# data[].attributes.body
1. Too ideal, because in reality, decision making may not be as smooth as shown in the game, and community members still need more communication and cooperation to balance traditional life and modern ecotourism development.

2. Difficult to achieve the sustainability of ecotourism because more factors need to be considered, such as the preservation of local culture as well as local natural resources.

3. Ignoring the negative impacts brought by tourists

# data[].attributes.headline
Can you suggest some socio-cultural impacts that may have caused by ecotourism or other tourism activities?

# data[].attributes.subject
Can you suggest some socio-cultural impacts that may have caused by ecotourism or other tourism activities?

# data[].attributes.body
Benefits:

Indigenous traditions can be preserved and promoted. Performances of traditional music and art can lift the spirits of locals.

cultural exchange is made possible due to the passing of culture from tourists to locals, whilst locals can also pass on their indigenous traditions. Also, language can be taught as they are able to hone their communication skills through interactions with tourists.

Maintains stability and wellbeing of the local community due to increased income and quality of life.

Increased revenue for locals can enhance the aesthetic and spiritual benefits which can be enjoyed by local people as well as tourists.

Increased revenue can allow for better efforts in planning and management in conservation of the local environment.

Cons:

Social and cultural intrusion. In particular, children may be confused between local traditions and imported western culture. Also, western culture may rub off on local culture which may change the way it is traditionally preserved. (eg. speaking English more than their local language)

# data[].attributes.body
1. in reality, there is immense difficulty striking a balance between providing fruitful ecotourism experience whilst still ensuring that local traditions can be upheld with minimal western influence.

2. The local community may lose grip of their values and also their decision power and authority may be eradicated by other parties such as NGOs

3. Balancing economic growth and conservation of the natural environment is difficult due to the need to develop many ecotourism supporting facilities.

# data[].attributes.body
Our group agreed to develop ecotourism because...

1. With external resources and demand coming into the town, locals have a chance to increase the quality of life.

2. Establishing ecotourism as source of income might give the locals power and control over how their land is used. They might be able to get their voice across against the government.

# data[].attributes.body
We decided to look for expert help...

1. Locals do not have the necessary knowhow and expertise.

2. Important to find the right expert that understands and connects with the locals, so they can represent our interest

# data[].attributes.body
Yes.

sustains the well-being of local people and involves interpretation and education

supports local economies, and educates travellers about the environment

cultural conservation

raise public awareness of environmental
protection

provides economic income and job opportunities for the tribes

establishing the connection between the locals and the outside world, economically and culturally

# data[].attributes.body
1. The lima travel does not sounds suitable because they are profit-oriented and hence would not take their culture into account.

2. We expect the international conservation organization to have experience with similar cases and can act as an independent third-party

3. We decide not to go with the government as they might have conflicts of interest, as they might have a higher interest in their resources (e.g. their forest).

# data[].attributes.body
1.Economic growth.

The economic pattern of original community is mainly depends on the primary industries.

Developing the ecotourism, which is the tertiary industry, is kind of industrial upgrading. 1.direct effect: suitable for the community (considering the Population conditions) -> increase the employment rate-> increase income /2. indirect effect: increase the sustainability of economy.

2.Environmental conservation.

Original, they are poor and lack of the awareness to protect their nature. But understanding the concept of it which is to showing the well-developed biodiversity, local people would more likely tp preserve the environment. While having more income from ecotourism, more investment to protect the nature could be conducted.

social aspects:

developing ecotourism would allow for the empowerment of marginalised groups as it allows them to earn more income and showcase their unique skills. this also allows them to preserve cultural traditions as they are showcasing their cultural practices. in the end it would promote cultural understanding as visitors can learn about the group's cultures and traditions and understand and appreciate their values and customs.

# data[].attributes.body
Government.

monetary support

technological support

experience transfer

the value and the reputation of the place could be promoted and recognized

monitor and regulations are more complete than NGO

promise to put the village back in its original shape if it doesn't work out

provides education

# data[].attributes.body
Another view on that is like I disagree with the statement.

1. The benefits from ecotourism, such as making money, are not likely useful for the tribe. Since the tribe already developed as a community, the development of ecotourism is just for making the tribe to diffuse into the city. But actually it is not a must to do that.

2. Some people may say ecotourism could preserve the culture of us, but it may not or only in a certain way. When the outsiders come to our land, their culture will mess up with us. Culture conflicts would be triggered and our traditional culture will be difficult to preserve, since they may not aim to learn our culture but implant their culture to us.

# data[].attributes.body
Can you suggest some socio-cultural impact that may be caused be ecotourism or other tourism activities?

1. Tourism allows the local and foreign culture to blend and therefore increase the diversity of population.

2. Tourism generates income and local people are able to increase their living standards. There re more economic activities, resources are efficiently allocated and fully used. This creates a sustainable base for their lives and foster community stability.

3. Tourism might disrupt the traditional lifestyles. The community is comparatively small, the culture might be overshadowed by the foreign culture, saying their values, some traditional customs, , beliefs.

# data[].attributes.body
How much the economic revenue of tourism or ecotourism can be received by the local communities ? How about the issue of leakage?

•only 8% could be received by the locals

•83% will go to other multinational enterprise

•huge leakage

• since the locals lack of experiences , education and funding they can’t form a proper tourism business eg:low quality of the hotel won’t be attractive to tourists

•have no choice but handing out to other experienced companies but the revenue is not giving to the locals

# data[].attributes.body
We decided to kick out Rachel and Stephen due to the following:

While Rachel and Stephen have helped increase the community's income significantly, they have also started to discourage the locals from practicing their traditional ways of hunting and farming as well as performing traditional rituals. Given that preserving the community's culture is one of our main priority, we decided that we have acquired the necessary knowledge to run the ecotourism project without external help. We believe that the locals have the best insights on what is in the best interest of their community.

# data[].attributes.headline
What is the possible socio-cultural impact on local community caused by tourism?

# data[].attributes.subject
What is the possible socio-cultural impact on local community caused by tourism?

# data[].attributes.body
Benefits:

1. Economic Benefits: tourism can bring economic growth to local community.

2. Preservation of Cultural Heritage: tourism creates incentives for the preservation and promotion of local culture.

3. Revitalisation of Traditions: tourism can revitalise traditional practices and customs that may have declined. Local community may rediscover and showcase their cultural heritage to meet the demand of tourists, leading to a renewed interest in traditional arts, music, dance, and cuisine.

Costs:

1. Changes in social dynamics: tourism may lead to changes in social dynamics within the community. Local residents may feel marginalised or excluded from the benefits of tourism development. This creates tensions and inequalities among community members.

2. Environmental Impact: tourism may have adverse environmental effect, such as pollution, habitat destruction, and resource depletion. Local ecosystems and natural landscapes and natural landscapes would be compromised due to the demands of tourism development.

# data[].attributes.headline
Start with small group or all of the community?

# data[].attributes.subject
Start with small group or all of the community?

# data[].attributes.body
We agreed to start with a small group:

When making big cultural changes, it is critical to identify individuals who are are on-board, who then can act as change agents. These individuals will help lead the change and slowly convert the neutral community members who still are unsure whether to accept the change or not.

If we chose the whole group, the resistance would have been too big, and the cultural change would never be able to go through.

# data[].attributes.body
If we are likely to develop tourism, introduction NGO is need for regulating the tourists to travel in the forests, such as setting rules and providing guide for the tourists to minimise the destruction and disruption from the tourist to the tribe and environment.

NGO can also regulate the development of tourism, such as the development of the facilities in a limited extent that make sure the development would not affect the tribe.

# data[].attributes.headline
Starts with small group of community or the entire community...

# data[].attributes.subject
Starts with small group of community or the entire community...

# data[].attributes.body
small

more interactive relationship with tourist

not the entire community supports this kind of development and tourism

diversed economy

easier management as there is less amount of people involved

# data[].attributes.body
+ve

1.sufficient knowledge and experience of ecotourism development

2.enhance the education opportunity of the community

3. build up the connection between the modern society and indigenous community

-ve

1. lack of the knowledge of local culture -> wrong decision

2. cause conflict between the local ppl and the ngo

# data[].attributes.body
1. Despite the increased demand to visit the village, we do not think that a tourist compound should be built. In order to maintain the traditional values of the community, the amount of tourism should not have an exponential growth.

2. If the tourist compound is built, the primary income in the village would be tourism, which we think is too early. The citizens should have a slow transition to the life as a tourist village.

3. If the tourist compound is built, the attraction of the village would be lost. The tourists come to visit the unique culture and nature, seeing other tourists and hotels will not attract more tourists.

# data[].attributes.body
Local participation

Allow more local people to join the policy making session.

More resource and power.

Legislation and regulation

Establishing national park

Low risk

# data[].attributes.body
No

the construction may cause negative impact to the landscape and the environment

local accommodation can also be a selling point for ecotourism

# data[].attributes.body
I think we better not do that since ecotourism should act as an additional way to make their bread. The development of tourism should not override the whole economy of the tribe.

# data[].attributes.body
Being presented with the question of either staging a traditional dance show or organising a modern fiesta with pop music, we went for the second option.

Our considerations:

Staging a traditional dance show would be a good representation of the local culture and something the tourists would definitely enjoy. However, it seems the cultural exchange between hosts and guests are developing resulting in an interesting mix of cultures.

To embrace the combination of the cultures, we decide to host a more modern fiesta including alcohol and pop music which could be enjoyed equally by locals and tourists.

# data[].attributes.body
yes

it is a main way to have cultural engagement

# data[].attributes.headline
Keep tourism at current level or scale the tourism?

# data[].attributes.subject
Keep tourism at current level or scale the tourism?

# data[].attributes.body
We chose to keep the tourism at the current level to maintain the integrity of the community. We consider it crucial to keep the ecotourism growth at a sustainable level, and suddenly scaling and increasing the demand would put too much pressure on both the community members and the development of the land, ultimately spinning the community out of control.

# data[].attributes.body
In conclusion, while ecotourism has the potential to contribute positively to conservation and local economies, it must be carefully planned and managed to avoid negative impacts on the environment and local communities. It requires the involvement of all stakeholders, including tourists, to be truly sustainable and beneficial.

# data[].attributes.headline
What is the next step after initial development, how to allocate the land resource (now 80% of lands remain forests)? 

# data[].attributes.subject
What is the next step after initial development, how to allocate the land resource (now 80% of lands remain forests)? 

# data[].attributes.body
1. Economic: Costs for developing ecotourism can be quickly covered. Agriculture earns less money than tourism. Whole community wants to participate in ecotourism.

2. Environmental consideration: To prevent forests from being damaged and extinction of animals and plants, profits should be put into ecotourism projects. Agriculture should also continue because a mature community should be independent. Relying too much on revenue from tourist can cause community to collapse one day.

3. Socio-cultural aspect: agriculture is the cradle of the culture, some traits of their culture may disappear under extreme urbanisation. The locals may lose their identity which makes the whole community vulnerable against huge transformation (natural disaster, invasion, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Environmental Degradation: the presence of tourists can lead to soil erosion, habitat loss, increased pollution, and wildlife disturbance

2. Cultural Impact: local traditions and practices are altered to cater to tourist expectations

3. Economic Displacement: While ecotourism can provide economic benefits to local communities, it can also lead to economic leakage where profits are not retained locally. Additionally, local people may be exploited for cheap labor, and the benefits of ecotourism may not be equitably distributed

# data[].attributes.body
The main problems we have identified are:

1. How much tourism is sustainable? One of the main problems is deciding on the balance between expanding tourism and keeping is sustainable. We had difficulties in growing tourism without overusing the resources and neglecting the cultural traditions of the community.

2. Another main problem was consensus within the community. Not all members were happy with the development of ecotourism and the decisions made by the leadership team. Community members were especially concerned about their children losing their indigenous culture.

3. Lastly, the community is starting to become overly dependent on tourism. Community members are getting used to higher incomes and cannot go back to their original way of living.

# data[].attributes.body
Balancing the ecotourism and the original lifestyle of the tribe. If you fully develop in ecotourism, the life of the tribe would be disrupted severely while if we not developing the ecotourism, the forest might be destroyed since no one cares about the nature and the tribe.

Having a sustainable way to develop ecotourism is also a big challenge to overcome, such as not over-relying on the ecotourism.

# data[].attributes.body
Conflicts always occur in the cooperation, even developed by ourselves, different local groups have various values.

Solution would be achieving compromise with different stakeholders. Releasing place for all kinds development. This is seemingly an ideal solution.

# data[].attributes.body
1.Hard to balance both economy and conservation.

-if the locals have to earn enough money ,exceed land reclamation would be make for hotels, restaurants , tourism venues .

harmful to the nature. Lacking bio diversity, as over expansion on the tourism, meaning that more land or other useful resources would be required, thus the problem of deforestation would be enhanced, thus destroy the eco balance.

Different pollutions would be caused, such as noise and light pollutions due to the lightnings and sound produced by welcoming the tourists.

Cultural erosion eg:tourism will bring different cultures to the village. For fitting the tourist’s needs, some restaurants may offer their cultural cuisine (beer, juice)/ traditions will be erased by new culture bringing from the outside.(Christmas)