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수동태를 사용하는 이유

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수동태를 사용하는 이유

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1. 중요한 정보를 앞부분에 두어 강조하고자 할 때

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1. 중요한 정보를 앞부분에 두어 강조하고자 할 때

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to move important information to the beginning of the sentence

ex)The main stadium was built in Spain.

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2. 주체보다 사실/내용자체가 중요할 때 : to be impersonal in a scientific or technical process

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2. 주체보다 사실/내용자체가 중요할 때 : to be impersonal in a scientific or technical process

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The instruction can be found on page 3.

My house was broken into when I was in Europe.

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3. 행위자가 너무나 일반적이거나 문맥상 명백할 때, 중요하지 않거나 의도적으로 숨기고자할때 : when the performer is general or obvious from the context, or unimportant or is intentionally not named.

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3. 행위자가 너무나 일반적이거나 문맥상 명백할 때, 중요하지 않거나 의도적으로 숨기고자할때 : when the performer is general or obvious from the context, or unimportant or is intentionally not named.

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He is being treated in hospital.

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It has been determined to close the show.

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argument주어/목적어가 predicate서술어와 관계되어있음을 묘사하고자

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argument주어/목적어가 predicate서술어와 관계되어있음을 묘사하고자

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thematic role 수행자이든 주체자인든 의미적인 역할을 가진다.

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행동을 시작하는 사람으로,

ex) Ailee broke the window.

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ex)Amy threw up her dinner.

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using by to mention who/what performed the action

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using by to mention who/what performed the action

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ex)It was made by the expert, Mr. Smith.

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if agent is unknown, general, obvious, or unimportant -> x mentioned / if the speaker wants to draw attention to it ->mentioned

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if agent is unknown, general, obvious, or unimportant -> x mentioned / if the speaker wants to draw attention to it ->mentioned

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I was informed that nobody attended the meeting.

I was informed by Jack that nobody attended the meeting.

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의도적으로 사용되었을때 with 사용

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의도적으로 사용되었을때 with 사용

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During the assembly, he was beaten with a club.

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transitive verb - prepositional verb가 수동태화될 경우, preposition은 문장 맨 끝에 위치

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transitive verb - prepositional verb가 수동태화될 경우, preposition은 문장 맨 끝에 위치

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ex) The plan was carried out.

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transitive verb - say believe think consider report suppose expect rumor understand

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transitive verb - say believe think consider report suppose expect rumor understand

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ex)It is supposed that she is the criminal.

-> She is supposed to be the criminal.

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Jessy sent her a gift box.

A gift box was sent her.

to 생략가능함

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1.간접목적어(사람)만 주어로 이동가능한 동사들 2. 직접목적어(사물)만 주어로 이동가능한 동사들

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1.간접목적어(사람)만 주어로 이동가능한 동사들 2. 직접목적어(사물)만 주어로 이동가능한 동사들

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1.간접목적어(사람)만 주어로 이동가능한 동사들

spare, kiss, envy, save, refuse, deny, call

ex) She was denied being elected to the executive position.

2. 직접목적어(사물)만 주어로 이동가능한 동사들

make, buy, cook, get, find, do, order ,choose, build, write, read, sing, bring

ex) The agenda was chosen.

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inform, notify, assure, remind, convince, advice, warn

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inform, notify, assure, remind, convince, advice, warn

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I was informed that the group presentation is tomorrow.

It was informed that 형태 불가능

That 절이 주어로 위치하는 형태 불가능

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incomplete transitive 불완전타동사 (목적어, 목적보어를 가지는 타동사)

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incomplete transitive 불완전타동사 (목적어, 목적보어를 가지는 타동사)

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ex) Bella keeps her room neat.

Her room is kept neat.

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수동태로 전환될경우

동사 뒤에 보어가 뒤따라나온다.

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사역동사 make의 수동

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사역동사 make의 수동

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make의 수동태는 to infinitive가 뒤따라 나온다.

ex) My parents made me go to bed early.

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ex) Ashelly had him take care of the patient.

-> He was asked to take care of the patient.

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ex) My mother didn't let me travel alone.

-> I was not allowed to travel alone.

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She heard him go out.

-> He was heard to go out by her.

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수동태 구분

1.의미차이

tell

-에게 -을 말하다 Vt.

-에게 -하라고 말하다

say

-라고 말하다 Vt.

2. 형태차이

tell 간접목적어+직접목적어/ that절

목적어 +목적보어/ to~

say 직접목적어 (to + sb)

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say

People say that I am eccentric.

->I am said to be eccentric.

tell

My father told me that I should do my assignment.

-> I was told that I should do my assignment.

She told me about the movie plot.

-> I was told about the movie plot.

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let 목적어 be p.p

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(미래시제를 나타낼때는 조동사 사용)

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ex) I'll have a meeting with my tutor.

I'm going to have meeting with my tutor.

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Tom is meeting her this weekend.

already fixed/arranged

이미 결정, 합의, 마련된 일

Tom is going to meet her this weekend.

maybe arranged to do it, maybe not

결심, 결정만 한 상태이거나 약속이 정해졌는지 아닌지의 여부는 중요하지않게 여겨지는 경우

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about timetables, programmes etc.

ex) What time do you finish work tomorrow?The subway leaves at 9:40.

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that절로 이끄는 수동태는 사용하지 않음

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that절로 이끄는 수동태는 사용하지 않음

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That he was a spy was thought. x

He was thought to be a spy.

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가주어 to infinitive 진주어의 형태는 decide, agree같은 특정동사에 한해서만 사용가능

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가주어 to infinitive 진주어의 형태는 decide, agree같은 특정동사에 한해서만 사용가능

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ex)It is hoped to make profit this year. (x)

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want like 같은 동사 뒤에 + 목적어 + to infinitive 어순이라면,  목적어를 수동태의 주어로 꺼낼 수 없음

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want like 같은 동사 뒤에 + 목적어 + to infinitive 어순이라면,  목적어를 수동태의 주어로 꺼낼 수 없음

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Everybody wanted Doris to be the manager.

->Doris was wanted to be the manager.(x)

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People say that there are plenty of whales near the coast.

-> There are said to be plenty of whales near the coast.

->It is said that there are plenty of whales near the coast.

->There are said to be plenty of whales near the coast.

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take care of 라는 숙어 자체에서 'care' 가 앞으로 내보내질 수 없음.

-> Care was taken of the patient. (x)

하지만,

Good care was taken of the patient. (o)

단지 이 숙어를 의미한다기보다 어떤 care인지 형용사가 수식하고 있기때문에 Good care는 앞으로 내보내질 수 있음.

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ex) Submit your essay.

->Let your essay be submitted.

ex) Complete the assignment right now.

->Let the assignment completed right now.

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수동태가 불가능한 경우

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수동태가 불가능한 경우

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1. 동사에 따라

2. 목적어에 따라

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happen

-> The accident will happen in the near future.(o)

->The accident will be happened in the near future.(x)

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타동사이더라도 상태동사, 소유동사라면

수동태로 전환 불가능

-> become, fit, get, lack, like, meet ,equal, resemble, suit, cost, have, possess

ex) They lack a good strategy.

A good strategy is lacked by them.

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have의 수동태 -> asked to로 전환

let의 수동태 전환-> allowed

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4. 재귀대명사가 목적어인 경우

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4. 재귀대명사가 목적어인 경우

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myself의 경우 나 자신에 해당하는 reference인 I가 선행되어야하는데 그 I를 잃게 되는것이므로 불가함

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5. 상호대명사가 목적어인 경우

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5. 상호대명사가 목적어인 경우

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each other, one another