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The rock cycle is a web of processes that outlines how each of the three major rock types: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary, form and break down based on the different applications of heat and pressure over time.

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The picture depicts magma flowing from an eruption. Once magma cools and crystallizes, it will form igneous rocks, magma and also breaks down all 3 types of rocks.

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The process of magma crystallizing, forming igneous rocks.

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Igneous rocks are created when molten material, known as magma or lava, cools and hardens. When this cooling happens beneath the Earth's surface, it forms intrusive rocks like granite, while cooling on the surface produces extrusive rocks like basalt.

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The breaking down of igneous rocks into pebbles, sand, and mud, creating sediment, which accumulates on earth's surface. Layers of sediment settle on top of one another, the sediment near the bottom is compressed, hardens, and forms sedimentary rock.

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Rocks formed by the compression of sediments on Earth's surface are known as sedimentary rocks. These sediments are accumulated through processes of weathering and erosion, which break down pre-existing rocks into smaller particles. Over time, layers of sediments build up and are compacted under the weight of additional layers.

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The subduction process can lead to the formation of metamorphic rocks as the descending materials (Sedimentary Rocks or Igneous Rocks) undergo significant changes due to the high-pressure and high-temperature conditions within the Earth's interior.

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Metamorphic rocks form from the transformation of pre-existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks) through heat and pressure. This process, called metamorphism, alters the rock's mineral composition and structure, often resulting in foliation or new mineral formations. As time pasts these new rocks subduct and once again turns into molten rocks or magma