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Lingering in Latinidad provides a good introduction to the underlying concept of Latinidad as well as the methodology of lingering. The essay outlines the role of performance and pop culture in uncovering the temporal, cultural, and spatial aspects of Latino/a identity.

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Selena Astrodome Performance of Como La Flor 

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Selena Astrodome Performance of Como La Flor 

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Electric performance embodying dissonance against la onda.

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The chapter explores how one can be both of African and Latino/a descent which gives rise to complex feeling regarding identity

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Belonging to a "Colombian" Identity

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Introduces new perspectives regarding Blackness and Latinidad. "building worlds" and forming a new black and latino/a identity.

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Powerful performance. Raw emotion, that accompanies the sense of belonging to a group that others looked down upon, but that the individual themselves is proud to be apart of.

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The tone of the music and the loud dissonance of the vocals suggest this individual is trying to make a statement and pridefully show off their hair.

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Highlights the queer gender identity by attempting to proclaim the fact that they have to work to be viewed as the norm. gender constructs have been set in place since the beginning of time and it is up to us in the current day to break the mold.

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By placing himself in feminine roles/surroundings, he goes against the constraints of typical gender norms, contributing to the decolonization of gender

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the term "Colombian-American" is redundant because Colombia is part of the American continents. This directly connects to the concept of lingering and reimagining Latino/a identity.

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La onda translates to the wave in English but represents the traditional biases that accompany Chicano/a musical or pop culture history.

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Dissonance is more of a chaotic force to contrast the traditional sexist biases in the concept of la onda with more feminist influence and perspective.

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Explains gender as a construct that has been colonized by western, heteronormative ideologies that place harmful constraints on individuals who do not meet the ‘standards’ set in place that limit their ability to fully and freely express their gender/identity

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Introduces "Close listening." Uses Cuban music as an example to illustrate how attentiveness to performance highlights the complex layers of culture, history, and meaning.

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(Listening in detail) focus on the subtle elements of music (i.e, tonal shifts, vocal inflections, or context) to reveal the cultural and historical depth while resisting reductive or limiting interpretations.

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Paloma Negra = Black Dove. Important aspects of the song are tone and fluctuations. The song has an essence of yearning and relief from pain caused by love.

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Paloma Negra - Live Performance by Jenni Rivera

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Paloma Negra - Live Performance by Jenni Rivera

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The song still has the same meaning, but Jenni builds a new world of external flamboyance combined with internal sadness. Her booming vocals and fluctuations and sad movements contrast the upbeat trumpets and base.

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O Que É Que a Baiana Tem? - Carmen Miranda 

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O Que É Que a Baiana Tem? - Carmen Miranda 

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Celebrates the culture of women from Bahia (region in Brazil). Very eye catching shiny outfit and the lyrics display a connection to Afro-Brazilian traditions.

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A romanticization of South American culture displayed through the lively yet peaceful music and Carmen's bedazzled outfit. While still a celebration of culture it heavily leans into stereotypes.

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The Lady In the Tuttie Frutti Hat - Carmen Miranda

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The Lady In the Tuttie Frutti Hat - Carmen Miranda

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Heavily leans into stereotypes of Latin American countries, exemplified by the fruit and Carmen's demeanor throughout the performance.

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The song expresses longing for Bahia, portraying it as a beautiful place as well as a cultural hub of Afro-Brazilian culture. However, the depiction of the landscape does lean into stereotypical interpretations of South American regions as ever present tropical paradises.

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Have You Been to Bahia - Three Caballeros 

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Have You Been to Bahia - Three Caballeros 

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Once again highlights the cultural significance of Bahia but also brings up an interesting point that nobody in the video has ever actually been to Bahia.

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Created as part of the "good neighbor policy". Serves as an extremely simplified and stereotypical version to Brazilian culture.

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Highlights music videos’ dual role as tools of cultural resistance and homogenization through exploring Shakira’s work within debates on identity and globalization.

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Examines how bolero music serves queer expression in Latin America. It explores how the bolero's themes of longing and heartbreak create articulations of queer desire while fostering community and resistance.

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Explores queer world-making through Latino performance and art.

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A tool for resisting and transforming oppressiveness. Through performances that combine humor and critique, artists create spaces where marginalized identities can be expressed.

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A term that denotes flamboyance as a subversive aesthetic.

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Characteristic Bolero style. Very strong emotional impact, making it a powerful symbol of sorrow and resilience.

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A style of music filled with yearning, pain, betrayal, heart break, and passionate love.

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The expressive voice and heartfelt delivery, add depth to the song's message that lasting impressions of love transcend time, making it an expression of love's enduring power and significance.

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Deep emotion similar to bolero. Performance has a mix of very slow and then some faster dramatic movements which match the songs slow start and faster paced and louder ending. Captures vulnerability well in the performance and song.

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Analyzes the performance style, vocality, and cultural significance of Juan Gabriel. Highlights how he subverted traditional notions of masculinity in Mexican music, particularly through his excessive or flamboyant style.

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Explores the impact of Jenni Rivera. She is a significant figure who empowers marginalized communities through her music which is filled with dissonance and dissonant tones.

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Malandrinas = Scoundrels. The song challenges the pressure on Latina women to conform to traditional ideals of decency and submission. The music video visually portrays acts of defiance, such as partying, stealing, making a mockery of societal norms. Displays an unruly side of femininities that contradict traditional heteronormative and patriarchal expectations.

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Discusses the interrelatedness of dance and sexuality. Specifically discusses mambo and other Afro-Carribean dance forms. Considers the connections between sacred Afro-Caribbean rituals, secular dance forms, and queer club spaces, framing them as sites for expressing gender, race, and desire.

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Highlights how women and queer individuals reclaim agency through the perrero dance but also perpetuates traditional patriarchal norms.

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Purple = Important concepts

Green = Important Readings or other sources

Yellow = Important songs and examples

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increased use of musical performances in media to reach a wider audience. could be used for entertainment, propaganda, or to make commentary on sociopolitical climate of Latin America

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music video performance that shows failure of her burlesque persona, tacky, eclectic costumes and setting plays into stigmatized understanding of Latina identity. also reflects chusmeria as a form of resistance to societal norm

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commentary on the struggle shared by many latinx individuals that do not conform to societal norms by playing on religion and societal organization as a contradictory force that contributes to this struggle

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the expression of sexuality as having been colonized by western heteronormative beliefs, leading to struggle for many to express full range of their identity

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subjugation of female and mixed racial identity due to patriarchal hierarchy in Latin America, also contributes to struggle to express full range of identity

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Pelaez Lopez “The Four Wounds of Latinidad”

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Pelaez Lopez “The Four Wounds of Latinidad”

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use of X in Latinx serves as a reminder that transgender Latinos are still going through a colonization meant to pressurize them into confirming to heterogeneric norm

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call and response typical of traditional African Music

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uses withered, poetic techniques to call attention to increased femicide

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biologically male sex worker that presents as female, stigmatized and deviated from societal norm

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emphasis that dissonant cultural and sonic landscape of Chicana/Tejana singers are incompatible, inconsistent, un harmonious, and unsuitable within canonical Chicano/Tejano music narratives

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Devandar Kaushik, Sofia Estradaflores, Grace Maxwell, Natalya Bates