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I chose summarizing and note taking as my instructional strategy. When ranked, summarizing and note taking is number two in Marzano's top nine teaching strategy. When teaching students the appropriate way to note take and summarize, be sure to tell them to identify important information, delete repetitive information, and to summarize using a creative version of the information. Note taking is a form of active learning that keeps students involved in the lesson. They can use webbing, highlighters, circles, or anything that will help them when learning the material when taking their notes. Personally, I enjoy note taking. I am the kind of person that writing something down helps me to remember it, and adding doodles, stars, circles, and highlights increases the amount I will remember as well.

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Research-Based Instructional Strategy

Nonlinguistic Representations

Nonlinguistic representations are creating and explaining visual images of new information through mental pictures, smells, tastes, and kinesthetics. Some examples are graphic organizers, sketches, pictographs, concept maps, flowcharts, dramatizations, computerized simulations, use of manipulatives or models, or engaging students through physical movement. Five points of nonlinguistic representations are: 1. It can be many forms depending on how it fits the concept and time. 2. Must identify crucial information to be effective. 3. Students should explain their representation. 4. Limit to crucial content. Allow enough time for students to make, explain, and defend representations. 5. Revise when necessary. Marzano's research of 129 action research projects where teachers showed representations to 1 class but not another, showed a 17 percentile gain in student achievement in the class that used nonlinguistic representations.

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The 3 learning objectives I chose are: Physical Education (Grade 2), Health (Grade 9), and Mathematics (Grade 5).

Formative assessments I could use for PE (Grade 2): 3 benefits of physical activity and how exercise contributes to a healthy lifestyle, would be asking an open-ended question, like, "What are 3 ways exercise could improve your mental health?" One-minute essay on 3 benefits of exercise and healthy lifestyle choices. Doodle Notes - Doodle 3 ways benefits of physical activity and healthy lifestyle choices.

Formative assessments for Health (Grade 9): Think-Pair-Share how family, culture, and media influence your health choices and behaviors. Concept Map ways family, culture, and media influence your health choices and behaviors.

Formative assessments for Mathematics (Grade 5): Solve 3: Solve the 3 2-digit multiplication problems on the whiteboard on sticky notes. Spot the Error: Review 3 2-digit multiplication problems, mark and explain the errors (if any).

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The research-based instructional strategy that I chose is Comparing, contrasting, classifying, analogies and metaphors. This strategy is ranked number one out of the 9 Marzano instructional strategies. It also has an effective rating of 1.61 for size and 45 percentile points. In the video, it mentions how the use of Venn diagrams, analogies, metaphors, etc., helps students to simplify complex problems. By finding the similarities and differences in their learning, they can see the breakdown of the information, making it more likely to go into their long-term memory. This strategy also allows for open discussion with the teacher and students. One of the main reasons for choosing this strategy is that I am both a visual and independent learner, and this strategy incorporates all of those things, making it a very versatile and effective strategy for so many different students.

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The first one I chose is the ELA (Grade 3). My formative assessment is to number their paper 1,2,3 and write a short sentence about the beginning of their story for number 1 and continue with a short sentence for the middle on number 2, and for number three recap the end of their story. At the end of their paper, they need to tell what the word descriptive means.  This should give me an indication if they understand the assignment.

The second one is the kindergarten PE class.  Line the students around the key (the free throw lane).  They can SHoW what they know.  Instruct them to Skip on the longer line, hop across the free throw line, and walk down the side of the lane.  This will show you if they have a grasp on the concepts of Skipping, Hopping, and Walking.

The third one is the 9th grade Health.  You could have the students draw a mind map with health at the center and the words family, culture and media surrounding it.  Students can add 2 or 3 health and 2or 3 behavior choices to each of the words: family, culture and media.

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The research Based Instruction that I chose is Non-Linguistic Representation.  This is a nonverbal representation, and it helps to make a connection to the content that is being taught.  Examples of these include visuals, maps, charts, graphs, diagrams. pictures, models and manipulatives. Incorporating the senses of sound, smell, taste and touch can also be used to teach this.  This type often includes a hands-on approach.  Kinesthetic activity would also fall under this category. This type of instruction yields an effect size=0.75 or 27 percentile points. It is the 5th strategy, and so it is not the highest yield, but I believe it is very beneficial to instruction.

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Research-Based Instructional Strategies. Select 1 instructional strategy, explain it, and connect research to this.

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The White boxes are examples of ND standards and learning objectives that would be aligned to a lesson plan. Select 3 of the learning objectives and give examples of formative assessments you could use to see how students gained their knowledge. Please include potential questions/details please do not just list... quiz.

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Social Studies (Grade 6)

Standard: ND Social Studies 6.1.1: Identify and compare historical developments across regions during the same time period.

Learning Objective: Students will be able to compare the development of ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt, identifying at least three similarities and differences in their political, social, and economic structures.

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Standard: ND Science 8-MS-PS1-2: Analyze and interpret data on the properties of substances before and after the substances interact to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.

Learning Objective: Students will be able to analyze the results of a classroom experiment to determine whether a chemical reaction has occurred based on changes in substance properties.

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English Language Arts (Grade 6)

Standard: ND ELA 6.RI.1: Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

Learning Objective: Students will be able to read an informational text and cite at least two pieces of textual evidence to support their analysis of the main idea and key details.

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Physical Education (High School)

Standard: ND PE HS.5.3: Apply rules and strategies in complex versions of physical activities and game settings.

Learning Objective: Students will be able to apply advanced basketball strategies during a full-court game, demonstrating an understanding of team roles, positioning, and rule enforcement.

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Physical Education (Grade 3)

Standard: ND PE 3.2.2: Demonstrate proper techniques for throwing, catching, kicking, and striking with objects.

Learning Objective: Students will be able to correctly throw and catch a ball with a partner, using appropriate hand positioning and body mechanics.

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Physical Education (Kindergarten)

Standard: ND PE K.1.1: Perform locomotor skills in different pathways, levels, directions, and speeds.

Learning Objective: Students will be able to demonstrate basic locomotor movements (such as walking, hopping, and skipping) through various pathways (straight, curved, zigzag) and at different speeds.

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Music (Grade 4)

Standard: ND Music 4.MU

.2: Demonstrate understanding of the structure and context of varied musical works.

Learning Objective: Students will be able to listen to a piece of classical music and identify the main themes, instruments, and dynamics used by the composer.

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Health (Grade 9)

Standard: ND Health 9.1.1: Analyze the impact of family, peers, culture, media, technology, and other factors on health behaviors.

Learning Objective: Students will be able to analyze how different factors like family, culture, and media influence their health choices and behaviors.

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Physical Education (Grade 2)

Standard: ND PE 2.5.1: Identify the benefits of physical activity and healthy lifestyle choices.

Learning Objective: Students will be able to list three benefits of regular physical activity and explain how exercise contributes to a healthy lifestyle.

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Social Studies (Grade 7)

Standard: ND Social Studies 7.2.4: Analyze the rights, responsibilities, and roles of citizens in the United States.

Learning Objective: Students will be able to identify the rights and responsibilities of U.S. citizens and explain how these shape civic participation.

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Mathematics (Grade 5)

Standard: ND Math 5.NBT.B.5: Fluently multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm.

Learning Objective: Students will be able to accurately multiply two multi-digit whole numbers and explain their process using the standard algorithm.

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English Language Arts (Grade 3)

Standard: ND ELA 3.W.3: Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, descriptive details, and clear event sequences.

Learning Objective: Students will be able to write a short narrative with a clear beginning, middle, and end, using descriptive details to bring their story to life.