# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
I think the most important thing to remember about substance abuse treatment approaches is that different people will need different types of treatment approaches. I believe this is one issue with 12-step programs being so ubiquitous and it is not uncommon for the courts to order 12-step treatment.  Not everyone is going to respond to 12-step treatment which can be especially problematic if they have been court-ordered to participate in 12-step treatment. Just because someone doesn’t take to the 12-step model it doesn’t necessarily mean that they aren’t motivated to attend treatment. It could mean that another approach such as SMART recovery or CBT may be more effective

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
One of the most surprising DSM classification was that caffeine intoxication is listed as 250mg or more. That works out to about 3 cups of coffee. I can think of many people who consume more than that amount daily. It makes me wonder how many people in society are living with the effects of caffeine intoxication not unaware of it, due to caffeine intake being very normalized in our society. Seeing that caffeine withdrawal can include symptoms that are dressed mood. It makes sense to me why so many people can’t go without coffee if they drink a lot of coffee daily. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
The most important thing to remember is that treatment isn't one-size-fits-all; everyone has unique pasts, traumas, and stories that influence their recovery. It's crucial to take the time to understand each individual and their specific needs. If one method doesn’t work, exploring different approaches is perfectly okay. A method that doesn’t yield the results wanted isn’t a failure; it simply indicates that a compromise or adjustment in the approach is necessary. This flexibility is key to finding what truly resonates with each person on their journey to healing.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
While all the DSM classifications are significant, the inclusion of caffeine-related disorders really stood out to me. Caffeine has become so normalized in our world, with people casually carrying their travel mugs and waiting in long coffee shop lines on campus each morning. For many, visiting cute coffee shops has become part of a trendy aesthetic, especially among students looking to study. However, the reality of caffeine dependence is often overlooked; many individuals experience withdrawal symptoms that can manifest almost immediately like headaches or an inability to concentrate when they skip their morning coffee. Other withdrawal effects can be even more pronounced, including irritability, migraines, brain fog, and twitching. Initially, it was surprising to see caffeine-related disorders included in the DSM, but with reflection, it makes perfect sense. It’s a stark reminder of how something so common can have serious implications for our well-being.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
Addiction is a response to human suffering. I truly believe this. Trauma and stress are so complex in the way that they affect our bodies. It is truly a survival mode for people who are substance users who are trying to "self-medicate" and escape a painful reality. ACE's were also mentioned by Mate and I think it really ties into brain chemistry. Those who rank high on the ACE's scale have these different or lacking connections in the brain due to these negative experiences when the brain was trying to form in a healthy way. Taking emphasis off trying to find someone or something to blame is what I think we need to do as a society. I think we just need to meet people where they are at and support them in ways that they want. Giving people back control over their lives and offering a helping hand or listening ear is just one of the things to remember in regards to substance use treatment. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
All of the information on this very important document was so eye opening! I feel that before watching the powerpoint this week I had a basic understanding of the DSM-5 and now I have learned so much about the addiction aspect of diagnosis. What surprised me the most was the different criteria or classifications that individuals must meet in order to be diagnosed. Another thing that surprised me from this week's powerpoint is the discussion on Cannabis. As a professional I was completely unaware of just how extreme withdrawal symptoms associated with coming off of Cannabis can be for some individuals. Knowing that so many Canadians have such a strong drug at their finger tips and many citizens are unaware of these withdrawal symptoms is crazy to me. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
In terms of the substance use treatment modalities, this distinction highlights that it is paramount to address the emotional and psychological dimensions of addiction as they are ultimately what lead individuals to seek relief through mind-altering substances. The video goes on to demonstrate how sustainable therapy is about even more than just handling signs or perhaps acquiring a person in to abstinence, it is also regarding treating the hidden trauma as well as mental discomfort that commonly push individuals to chemical abuse from the start. This whole person approach is necessary in order to have true rehabilitation and lower chances of relapse. The utility of substance use treatment can be improved by implementing strategies such as trauma-informed care and integrated treatment approaches. Informed by the understanding trauma has a profound and wide-ranging effects on individuals, trauma-informed care places an emphasis on safety, trustworthiness, and empowerment within the therapeutic relationship. Creating more empathetic healing spaces and support systems for people in addiction recovery means educating healthcare providers around the trauma-addiction continuum. Specific treatments like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy can even help patients work out what they are thinking and doing to result in addiction. Mindfulness or holistic treatments like yoga/meditation can also be useful techniques to provide relief for those who use due to stress and emotional pain. Sadly, for those with complex emotional and psychological backgrounds, the best treatment will always be individualized. If we include these factors in discussions of addiction and use them as a framework for responding, we can take an important step toward treating addiction with empathy and understanding how to prevent it long-term. It is this manner which not only deals with issues of healing but also assists one bold their life, beyond the too much use of substance.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
The DSM's classification of Substance Use Disorders rests on a couple of assumptions that, to an outsider like myself, might seem shocking. One is that addiction is primarily a medical or moral issue. Since 1980, the DSM has focused on visible, exterior behaviours and symptoms, placing them into this disorder or that, based on sorts of observed actions and regularities, like how often a person might use a substance, whether they might have certain medically determined withdrawal symptoms, and the degree to which their social life seems impaired. Yet for the past half-century or so, many clinicians and researchers have also seen addiction as a surface manifestation of much deeper, often family-related problems.The insight that childhood trauma strongly shapes the behaviour of adults and their patterns of addiction is a revelation. It indicates that the Addiction and Trauma Recovery (ATR) model is far superior to the traditionally used "disease" model of addiction, as it allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the complex nature of addictive behaviours and the kinds of individuals who exhibit them. Using the ATR model of care, we can make better sense and more human figures of the kinds of people who are deeply ensnared by the not-so-obvious "trap" of addiction, allowing us to penetrate to the more relevant, insidious, and deeply buried emotional and psychological root causes that lead so many down a road toward self-dismemberment and disfigurement.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
I think one of the most important things to remember about the treatment approaches to substance use is how it is concurrent with addressing trauma and one’s mental health. This complex intersection cannot be “treated” with a one-size-fits-all approach due to the diversity of everyone's experiences. Utilizing a holistic and trauma-informed approach that recognizes underlying issues that contribute to substance use may lead to better outcomes. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
	One of the DSM classifications of substance use disorders that surprised me is inhalent use disorder. I recently came across a short clip on social media showing the increase in teenagers using gas canisters as inhalants. This trend is particularly alarming due to its accessibility, with it being in household products that anyone can buy from the store. I think this issue underscores the need for increased drug education beyond alcohol, nicotine, marijuana and street drugs particularly among the youth. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
Addiction is not a personal problem, but instead a societal one. Substance use is a response to human suffering and trauma, people often use drugs as a way to escape pain in their lives. Due to the addictive nature of drugs, this oftentimes turns into a substance use disorder. People who suffer from substance use disorders are not 'weak' or lack will power. Instead they are people who did what they knew to reduce their pain. Instead of treating people who suffer with substance abuse as criminals, treat them as people who need help. It is so important to practice empathy when dealing with people in these kind of situations, as society tends to dehumanize people struggling with addictions. Ask questions and listen.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
What an interesting lecture! There were quite a few things that suprised me, namely that majority of the disorders only needed two out of the eleven criteria to be diagnosed. I think there is a lot of stigma surrounding substance use disorders that lead to misconceptions of what can be considered a disorder. Many people, such as myself, might assume that one would have to fit multiple criteria in order to be diagnosed, it was interesting to learn that this is not the case. Additionally, Another thing that fascinated me was Caffeine Withdrawal was one of the disorders under the DSM- 5. We live in a world where consuming copious amounts of caffeine is seemingly normalized. Seeing Caffeine withdrawal listed under the Dsm-5, emphasizes how serious of an issue it is and the negative effects it can elicit in peoples lives.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
The most important takeaway from substance use treatment approaches, as emphasized by Dr. Gabor Maté, is the necessity of a holistic and compassionate approach that addresses the root causes of addiction, particularly trauma and emotional pain. Maté argues that addiction is not merely a problem of chemical dependency but is often rooted in unresolved trauma, emotional neglect, and suffering. Thus, treatment must go beyond the physical aspects of withdrawal or detoxification and delve into these deeper issues. A critical component is the need for individualized care, recognizing that each person's experience with addiction is unique. This means tailoring interventions to the person's specific emotional, psychological, and social needs, not just their substance use patterns. Maté's approach suggests that compassion and empathy should form the cornerstone of any treatment plan. Treatment should create a safe space where individuals feel supported in exploring their emotional pain and trauma without judgment. Furthermore, the notion that relapse is part of the recovery process and not necessarily a failure is crucial. This perspective encourages a shift from punitive approaches to those that foster resilience and self-compassion. Programs that focus on fostering connections, offering emotional support, and addressing the root causes of substance use are essential for long-term recovery. In this view, addiction treatment is not just about cessation but also about healing the underlying emotional wounds that contribute to the addiction. This holistic, trauma-informed care model requires healthcare professionals to treat patients not just for their addiction but as whole persons with complex needs, paving the way for more sustainable recovery outcomes.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
What stood out most to me about the DSM classifications of Substance Use Disorders is how the diagnostic system has evolved to capture a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of addiction. One surprising element is that the DSM-5 emphasizes a spectrum of substance use, categorized by severity (mild, moderate, or severe), based on the number of criteria an individual meets. This shift from the DSM-IV, which treated substance abuse and dependence as separate conditions, reflects a deeper understanding of addiction's complexity. Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) are now recognized not just by physical dependency but also by the psychological, emotional, and behavioral impacts on the person. Additionally, I was surprised by the inclusion of criteria like cravings and the acknowledgment of the compulsion to use substances despite clear harm to one's social, occupational, or physical well-being. This broadens the definition beyond mere substance abuse and tolerance. For example, even if an individual is not yet physically dependent, their overwhelming desire to use, despite its harmful effects, can lead to a diagnosis. This points to the multifaceted nature of addiction, recognizing it as more than just a physical condition but also as one that affects a person's overall functioning. This understanding paves the way for more comprehensive treatments, as addiction is viewed through a biopsychosocial lens that considers the individual's full life context.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
Lessening the suffering of trauma is possible, but very difficult and requires special conditions. As Gabor explained, trauma is a common link to all problematic substance use addiction, as is escaping suffering, so resolving this trauma is the key to absolving this continued substance use escapism. This is important to consider when you think about the approaches of CBT, Smart Recovery, and Matrix Recovery that emphasize relapse prevention, coping skills, social support, goal setting & accountability, reframing emotions and thoughts among other methods that do not emphasize looking deeper trying to uncover the trauma that is the root of these addictive tendencies. It is also important to keep in mind that this process of uncovering and healing from this trauma requires conditions unique to individuals and is incredibly difficult to do successfully, given the multitude of symptoms associated with substance use disorder and environmental factors relating to the individual, the treatment being received, and trust in the therapist.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
The two conditions under Risky Use: Reoccurring use in situations that are physically hazardous and reoccurring use despite physical or psychological problems associated or exacerbated by substance use. This was surprising to me because many substances used in high amounts, which is another condition, can tremendously affect someone's judgement or distort reality in the case of psychosis. As someone trapped in a high-volume multi-substance drug addiction, what I felt was "safe" was in reality not safe at all, and the psychological and physical symptoms I experienced were not always true to the reality of the situation I was in. If asked if I was unsafe using drugs by a doctor, I would say no. Only after being away from substances for many years, I understand the risks I put myself under were not just unsafe, but extremely reckless and I am lucky to be alive and with a sound body and mind.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
I agree with Mr. Gabe Mate that addiction is a result of human suffering and trauma (Fight Mediocrity, 2020, 1:08).  Thus, we need to help people struggling with the same address his or her emotional pain and suffering and get to the root of why they are misusing his or her drug of choice.  We need to fill his or her toolbox with skills and ideas that work for him or her and think outside of the box.  We need to empower him or her as well as motivate and support.  I also value the importance of group work, psychoeducation, and prevention.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
There are various facts that surprised me about the DSM classifications of substance use disorders since becoming familiar with the same.  First of all, that there is a caffeine related disorder and many processing disorders such as pornography or gaming addiction are not recognized as official diagnoses. Secondly, using contingency management as a treatment strategy as it reminds me of behavioral modification techniques, I would use in parenting my children.  Thirdly, using hallucinogens to treat mental health disorders.  This, I admit, I know nothing about this and will be doing further research to find out more.  Fourthly, Phencyclidine Intoxication sounds absolutely terrible to go through and I would not wish it upon anyone.  Fifthly, Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy.  This was the first time I heard this treatment called as such as it reminds me of challenging mind traps.  I need to find out more and perhaps this is what I will write my paper on.  It's funny how the strategies we use to help treat participates can be named different things by different professionals.  Lastly, how many of these behaviors can lead to significant mental health issues such as substance induced bipolar disorder or substance induced psychosis.  I feel that we need to educate our children and youth about what substances can do (long lasting effects) and prevention is more helpful than intervention.

# data[].attributes.body
Response

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
I think the most important thing to remember about substance use treatment approaches is not to focus solely on the medical model of treatment. Substance use isn't just about “curing a disease”, as Dr. Gabor Maté points out. Instead, it's essential to consider the underlying trauma that often drives addiction. As Dr. Maté suggests, the key question should be: 'Is it possible for people to heal from trauma sufficiently so that they don’t have to keep escaping to their addictions to lessen their suffering?' It’s about creating the right conditions for healing, addressing not just the addiction but the root cause, which is often trauma. As healthcare workers, we're often trained to focus primarily on the medical model when treating patients. However, in the case of substance use disorders, it's important to set aside common stereotypes and assumptions, and instead approach each person with a more individualized and compassionate perspective.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
What surprised me most about the DSM classifications of Substance-Use Disorders was the inclusion of caffeine-related disorders. Initially, it caught me off guard because I don't usually think of caffeinated drinks or products as harmful or socially unacceptable, given how common and casually they are portrayed. People often joke about being 'addicted' to caffeine, and it seems normal in everyday conversation. Although, when I learned about the specific criteria for caffeine use and withdrawal, it made sense that it would be classified as a substance-use disorder. However, I still find it striking how different it feels when someone mentions caffeine addiction compared to something like alcohol addiction, even though both can have significant impacts. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
I think the most important thing to remember is that everyone requiring treatment is a person, and to see them not as an addict but as a person who is struggling with addiction as a means of trying to escape pain. As identified by Dr. Mate, [addiction] is a response to human suffering and all of the people he worked with had experienced trauma as children (FightMediocrity, 2020, 1:08). He proposes “[it is] possible for people to heal from trauma sufficiently that they don’t have to keep escaping into addictions to lessen the suffering of their trauma (FightMediocrity, 2020, 3:11). This makes it apparent that any treatment approach to substance use should also include helping the person to recognize and heal from their trauma and emotional suffering. For that to happen, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to treat both the physiological symptoms due to drug use and withdrawal as well as the psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of the individual receiving treatment. Reference: FightMediocrity. (2020, November 16). The best explanation of addiction I’ve ever heard – Dr. Gabor Mate [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ys6TCO_olOc

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
I found a couple of things surprising about the information that was provided regarding the DSM 5 Classifications of Substance Use Disorders. One interesting piece is how few of the criteria are needed to be met by an individual to qualify that person as having a Substance Use Disorder. It is interesting that there isn’t a Caffeine-Use Disorder, only Caffeine-Related Disorder, and the qualification for this is 5 or more of the diagnostic criteria. I’m guessing this is due to the consequences of usage and the symptoms of withdrawal not having the same level of disastrous outcomes as other substances. I am curious what the number of criteria need to be met for gambling addiction, as it is the only process addiction currently recognized. I also found it sad how little emphasis was given to the treatment of trauma in the treatments listed. As Dr. Gabor Mate identifies in the video (FightMediocrity, 2020, 1:08) addiction is a result of human suffering and trauma.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
every person struggling with addiction is a human being with just as much value as someone who doesn't struggle with addiction. There is a strong tendency to "other" people with addiction with the language we use and the policies we implement. It is so important to remember there is a human behind every case and every situation, and we should never presume to know their story. Every person's story is different and every person's story should be taken into account when we deal with these kinds of issues. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
The most surprising thing in this week's powerpoint is probably the use of adjunct therapies such as art, music, pet therapy, etc. I was aware of some of these from my experience working in acute care, but I never knew that there was real research to suggest that these things are helpful for recovery from addiction. But it makes sense that a treatment plan should be tailor-made to fit a patient's needs and interests, which may include music or pet therapy or another one of these adjunct therapies.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
there are many different treatment options that can be explored for each person. One treatment option is not the best for everyone. Just because one type of treatment does not work for someone does not mean they are a failure or cannot be treated. This also contributes to the outlook from society that Dr. Gabor Maté elaborated on in the video. I think it's important that people don't judge others for their addictions as there are hidden backgrounds that cannot be understood by others. Society doesn't know the history of people with addictions and the possibility that they may be struggling with trying to recover. Society should not look so poorly upon people with addictions as this can only make their mental health even worse and create more struggles to recover.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
I found the use of pharmacotherapy as a treatment approach for most substance use disorders quite surprising. I do believe that there is a place for pharmacological intervention but I would think that there is a high risk of resulting substance use disorders from the intervention of medications for individuals that already have a substance use disorders. I am interested to know more about the balance of the risks and the rewards that are seen when medications are used as a treatment approach. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
I think considering Dr. Mate's explanation of addiction in the context of substance use treatment reveals the lack of trauma-informed practice in treatment. Despite the specificity and emphasis on categorization, diagnostic tools might not be able to consider trauma and many other contexts that could contribute to substance use, and instead reinforce the concept of addiction as disease-like and pathological. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
I was surprised about how many of the disorders only needed at least 2/11 criteria to be diagnosed with addiction. I think I had this idea of addiction where substance use could only be considered an addiction if it had negative social impacts, like not being able to go to school or work anymore. But someone could have symptoms 1 and 10, which are not necessarily negative symptoms, and yet they could be diagnosed with an addiction. Considering that the 2 symptoms must persist for 12-months, it makes sense that other symptoms could definitely arise from having symptoms 1 and 10, but it also made me wonder if its possible for someone to only have those two symptoms without developing any other ones.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
That it is not something that needs to be healed through medical interventions but understood through listening and using the concepts of care and empathy. There is an inherent necessity to understand the applications at play, the sociological as well as the psychological to break the barrier of repetition! This can only be done by aiding individuals through healing of THEIR choice, not forcing it. Trying ways that are consented and wanted by the clients is of the utmost importance because that is when clients will be able to truly adapt the learnings in a space where they feel welcomed and prioritized with care, not with structure. Furthermore, the speaker of the video emphasizes concepts that are well-known to the social model which highly criticize the medical model and its emphasis on “fixing”. The social model expresses the impact of intersectionality and the prejudice that comes with it. To counter that, it is important to first recognize our own actions and question whether we seek treatment for the client in a medicalized manner or using holistic care. The right answer, to me, is that it should be holistic!

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
The most surprising to me about the DSM classifications of Substance Use Disorders is how they have made sole connections of alcohol use disorder to other disorders which are also recognized as disabilities, ignoring the social and environmental impacts that may have led the individual to seek alcohol and only looking to associate alcohol with the disorder/disability. For instance, the DSM classifies that alcohol use disorder is seen within bipolar disorder, etc. Bipolar disorder is a recognized disability but we learn in Community Rehabilitation and Disability Studies that there are many intersectionalities that affect an individual and their place within society. This includes the stigma behind alcohol use which was further explained when I attended AA meetings as they do not see the individual for who they are or the reasoning behind their tough times but for their alcoholism or, also in this case, the limitations (which they think are limitations but, in reality, are actually their strengths) of their disability. Through this reflection, I have recognized how the need for inter-professionals to connect now more than ever is necessary in order to understand how each disciplines’ teaching and learning can aid the other for better practices that still need to be researched and implemented!

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
That there is not one standard treatment approach for a particular substance use disorder. Treatment will depend on the person’s SUD severity and unique circumstances, including attitude, behaviour, family connections, and social networks. Furthermore, treatment may consist of multiple approaches with an interdisciplinary team.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
I found it surprising that nicotine-related disorder was changed to tobacco-related disorder. While tobacco, through the delivery of cigarettes may cause more damage, I'm surprised the DSM-IV is not highlighting the addictive qualities of nicotine. Especially when you consider the many ways that nicotine can be delivered, such as vapes, pouches, etc. and the increasing usage of nicotine products. I was also surprised that there were no criteria for tobacco intoxication.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
Upon watching the video and recorded zoom I think it is important to acknowledge first and foremost that treatment options for substance use disorders is not a one approach cures all model, and that we cannot just simply treat the addiction, but must encourage healing from childhood trauma and trauma caused by drug use addressed by Dr. Gabor Maté. For many of the DSM recognized substance use disorders, there is many acknowledged treatment methods and individuals may find success in one method, two methods, or none of the treatment methods. This is very important to acknowledge and to work inter professionally to create a suited care plan to the individual. Dr. Gabor Maté addresses that drug use stems from childhood traumas, but also the attitudes and social treatment surrounding addiction induce trauma as well. It is important to acknowledge this and treat addicts as humans and work to heal addicts from their trauma rather than focusing on biological factors in addiction. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
Within the powerpoint, the most surprising thing presented to me was some of the features surrounding Cannabis related disorders. As a University Student, I feel as though Cannabis use is very normalized and almost encouraged in certain social situations. However, I think a lot of people lack the information on the potential for Cannabis to be addictive and harmful as it is. Such as inducing mental disorders such as cannabis induced psychotic disorder, anxiety disorder, and sleep disorders. I believe that education should be more prominent surrounding Cannabis use/risks as I feel that a lot of people see it as relatively harmless due to its legalization. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
The underlying trauma and how to go about treating that instead of the addiction. As Dr. Gabor Mate discussed majority of addicts are trying to soothe the pain of past trauma, trying to escape through the use of drugs. By getting down to the emotional reason and how to release that trauma and pain would do wonders for addicts. Also we must keep in mind that at the moment most of addicts can't be "cured". Like Mate said if he could help 5-10% of the addicts get out of the life in Vancouver he would be a miracle worker. We should look into more of why these treatments we currently have aren't worker rather then putting all our faith into them

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
What took me most by surprise about the DSM classifications was seeing Inhalants apart of it. Not because I wasn't aware of the use of inhalants but more so because it is not something I immediately think of as a drug or something to be addicted too. The fact that it is apart of the DSM because so many people become addicted to it saddens me and also surprises me. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
After watching the pre-recorded lecture and reviewing the PowerPoint and the following video, I believe the most important thing to note is that substance abuse is not a disorder. It is often seen and explained like that, however it is more human nature to use it to cope with their trauma or sufferings. As someone who has been through a few practicums, I have worked with many people with mental health disorders and people who use forms of substance abuse to cope with their mental illness.  This is something that as a future healthcare professional that I have to remember and respect the fact that they use it as a coping mechanism.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
The most surprising about the DSM classification are how much the DSM classifies combined substance abuse.  For example Alcohol use disorder has a criteria that includes how individuals may have a hard time cutting down or fully quitting alcohol despite the harm or problems associated with AUD.  It also contains shared features which may include cravings and withdrawal symptoms and impairment that may affect functioning.  This we also see in opioid use or any stimulant use as well, which parallels stimulants to AUD.  I thought it was interesting as well how those similar symptoms can be seen in both those categories, being completely different substance abuse topics.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
After watching the video and reviewing the recorded zoom I think it is vital to approach substance use treatment in a holistic, compassionate and individualized. In order for treatment to be more effective they should not only address the symptoms but also underlying causes that drive this use. Dr. Gabor further emphasized that addiction is often closely intertwined with trauma and previous suffering. Therefore we cant look at addiction at its basis level, we must find root causes. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
After watching the power point, one of the most suprising aspects of the DSM was the classifications of substance use disorder. The DSM had an extensive range of substances and behaviours along with specific criteria for each disorder. I didn’t realize that the DSM would not only recognize tradionally what I think of when thinking of addictions including things like alcohol and opioids but also caffeine, gaming and gambling ect. This underscores society’s evolving understanding of addictions. I found that some of there classifications further seemed to be outdated as well as missing things that I elieve should be included. Lastly, the overlap of symptoms between addiction and trauma were strikingly similar. Dr. Gabor Mate pointed out that substance dependency often stems from trauma or unmet emotional needs showing the complete of both subjects. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
After watching the video and reviewing the recorded zoom, I believe the most important thing to thing to remember about substance use treatment is that individuals are often using substances to "soothe" an existing trauma that has occurred at some point in their life. Gabor Maté explains how substances are often the tool people who have experienced trauma use to relieve the pain that trauma has caused. As a future health professional, I think it is important to keep this in mind when working in substance use treatments. As Maté mentions, society depicts addiction as a choice and the medical field sees it as a disease of the brain. It is important to keep in mind that neither of these are true and rather when approaching substance use treatment, you must analyze the root cause of the addicted individuals pain, suffering, trauma and addiction. It is very easy to choose the surface level answer but it is important to remember that addiction is very complex and digging deeper to find the root cause and treating that issue will lead to better treatment outcomes for the individual. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
One of the most surprising things about the DSM classifications outlined in the powerpoint was the amount of caffeine that leads to caffeine intoxication. In Canada, the typical amount of caffeine in an energy drink is 140mg and I believe the most legally allowed to be sold is 180mg. I have heard of products sold in the US being up to 200mg. This was concerning to me as these numbers are not far off from the 250mg+ limit that leads to caffeine intoxication. I was also surprised by this number considering I know many people who drink multiple energy drinks a day, possibly exceeding this limit. I was also surprised by the classification of caffeine as a substance use disorder considering how normalized caffeine use is. Many people joke about how they can't function without their cup of coffee in the morning but would not see this as an addiction. I would be interested to see how many other people are not aware that this is classified as a substance use disorder in the DSM. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
That the treatment plan should consider the trauma related to the use of the substance and not just the alterations in the brain and how to treat the body. Like Dr.Mate said that these days healthcare professionals are not trained in treating trauma but mores taught about the best pills to subscribe to patients with addictions, and overall to cure rather than address the internal trauma. I believe it is high-time our healthcare system should start evolving to better care for individuals suffering from addictions.  

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
I am always surprised that caffeine addiction is a part of the DSM classifications of Substance Use Disorders because in my mind it just doesn't seem like it can be harmful to humans. I think this is because I relate most addictions to a more negative narrative of extremely harmful disorders. I guess I do need to change my approach now after watching today's zoom recording, because I understand that there can be a variance in the degree of addictions people may have.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
I believe the most important aspect of approaching treatment in addiction is willful open-mindedness. With the recent research showing that substances have been used as a coping mechanism, there should be broadened approach between therapies and pharmaceuticals. As a student in Community Rehabilitation and Disability Studies, my approach is often social rather than medical. My expertise is not in “fixing” a problem but instead in talking it through with an individual to gain a sense of perspective for their next decisions. I believe this is a critical tool to my professional life as it implores me to have a greater understanding of multiple experiences apart from myself and my education. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
One of the most surprising aspects of the powerpoint for me was the classification of reactions listed as symptoms. As noted by Dr. Gabor Mate, more often than not, substance dependancy is a direct result of trauma or lack of bring understood during a pivotal point in one’s life. Meaning, some of the criteria listed in accordance with an addiction disorder can also be resulting from an entirely separate event in one’s life. The addictive symptomatic criteria overlaps with symptoms of trauma so upon one’s examination, their diagnosis could go either way depending on if they reference a substance or a recent trauma during their conversation. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
For me after watching the video and zoom, the most important thing to remember about substance use treatment (or addiction treatment in general - as addictions are not just about substance use) is that it’s not just about stopping the use of substances - that's not the solution. It's primarily about addressing the deeper reasons people turn to their addictive substance/behaviors in the first place. Gabor Maté talks a lot about how addiction often stems from unresolved pain or trauma - and if we don’t deal with that, we’re just treating the symptoms and not actually the cause. For treatment to really work, it needs to be compassionate and focus on healing that deeper emotional hurt and not just focusing on person's behavior or forcing abstinence upon them. It’s about helping people find a way to heal from what’s driving (i.e. what has caused) their addiction and not just managing the addiction itself.   "Your addiction wasn’t your problem. Your addiction was your attempt to solve the problem." -Gabor Maté 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
What surprised me the most about the DSM-5 classifications is the decision to focus on "tobacco-use disorders" instead of "nicotine-related disorders." Since nicotine is the addictive substance, it feels like the focus on tobacco misses the mark. I understand that the DSM used to classify it as nicotine dependence, so it seems strange to shift the focus to tobacco when nicotine addiction can occur through other means like vaping or nicotine pouches. By framing it as a tobacco issue, it overlooks the broader reality that nicotine addiction isn’t limited to just tobacco use. I’m sure there was a reason for the change, but it feels like the label/condition within the DSM V doesn’t actually capture the nature of the problem/addiction.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
Healing involves understanding the emotional pain that drives addiction. It’s not about “curing” someone but guiding them through their trauma so they can develop healthier coping mechanisms. This holistic approach is vital for effective treatment and truly supporting those in recovery. We're also be able to empower individuals to reclaim their narratives and cultivate resilience doing so.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
What surprised me the most about the DSM classifications of Substance Use Disorders is how they often frame addiction as a disease or moral failure. I like how Dr. Gabor noted that addiction is actually a response to trauma and suffering which highlights that many individuals struggling with substance use are coping with deep emotional pain rather than simply dealing with a clinical disorder. It made me realize how important it is to consider the emotional and societal factors that contribute to addiction.

# data[].attributes.body
Substance Use Disorders- Padlet Activity

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
The most important thing to remember is that treatment approaches should evolve alongside our understanding of addiction. As Gabor Mate emphasizes, addiction stems from deeper psychological pain and unmet emotional needs. It's crucial that treatment doesn't just focus on the substance but addresses the individual's trauma and emotional well-being. A comprehensive approach that goes beyond simply managing the addiction to addressing the root causes is essential for lasting recovery.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
What surprised me most was that the DSM-5 categorizes tobacco-related disorders rather than nicotine-related disorders. Given that nicotine is the addictive component in tobacco, to me it feels outdated to label the disorder about only tobacco. With the rise of vaping and nicotine products that don't involve tobacco, it seems more accurate to focus on nicotine. The DSM's choice to stick with tobacco-related language feels inconsistent with how nicotine addiction manifests today, particularly in non tobacco forms like e-cigarettes.

# data[].attributes.body
Substance Use Disorders — Padlet Activity

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
The most important thing to remember about substance use treatment approaches is that a multi-faceted and individualized approach is often necessary for effective recovery. Treatment should not only focus on the symptoms of addictions but also address underlying issues such as trauma, mental health disorders and social factors. In the video "The Best Explanation of Addiction I've Ever Heard" by Gabor Máte, it is highlighted that addiction is often a response to human suffering, and effective treatment should aim to heal the trauma and emotional pain that contribute to substance use. This holistic perspective is critical for fostering long-term recovery and improving the overall well-being of individuals who have a substance use disorder. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
One of the most surprising aspects of the DSM classifications of Substance Use Disorders, as outlined in the PowerPoint and lecture video, is the inclusion of such a wide range of substances and behaviours, with specific criteria for each disorder and specific disorders within each substance classification. For instance, the DSM-5 recognizes not only traditional substances like alcohol and opioids but also caffeine, gaming and gambling as disorders. This broad classification highlights the evolving nature and understanding of addiction and the recognition that various behaviours can lead to significant impairment in functioning. Additionally, the distinction between substance use disorders and non-substance-related disorders, such as gambling disorders, emphasizes the complexity of addiction beyond just chemical dependencies. Although I understood that addiction was complicated and much more complex than just the simplicity of the term "addiction," I found it quite surprising how in-depth the DSM-5 classifications go in order to diagnose and treat addictions.  

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
that substance use is not a brain disease which is how medical professionals would explain and justify struggles with addiction, but is a response to human suffering. The reality of addiction is that no one wakes up one morning and chooses to participate in drug use, typically there is trauma or life altering circumstance that makes people believe that substance use is the only way to numb their pain. This is why the harm reduction approach is so critical in helping people struggling with addiction. Practitioners and healthcare professionals need to meet the person where they are at with empathy, compassion, and willing to listen to their story in order for treatment to be successful. The individual struggling with addiction needs to be guided in a positive life direction, rather than being told what to do and how they need to change.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
The most surprising learning experience I gained from the DSM classifications of substance use disorder powerpoint was how addictive caffeine can be for some individuals. Caffeine does not hold the same negative stigma in society that other substances carry, and I found it fascinating that the withdrawal symptoms can be just as damaging to one's health. I find it interesting how society can claim such heavy negative stigma on one drug yet allow the damages of another drug without any conversation. It also intrigued me when the powerpoint discussed the withdrawal symptoms of cannabis. Cannabis has been made legal in Canada for a few years now, promoting that it has great benefits for many individuals to justify the legalization, yet little education is being done on the potential withdrawal symptoms that can occur for an individual. 

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
- understanding what led an individual to turn to these substances in the first place. Often, we view substance abuse as the primary issue without recognizing that the underlying problems may be even more significant. The video was impactful and highlighted the importance of acknowledging that substance abuse often stems from trauma that may have originated from other experiences and it is essential to address and work through that trauma to effectively overcome substance abuse.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
One of the most surprising elements of the DSM classifications of substance use disorders is the recognition of caffeine-related disorders. This surprised me because caffeine is typically seen as a socially acceptable and harmless substance in comparison to others discussed. Considering how often it is consumed, whether through coffee, tea, or energy drinks, its classification as a potential disorder challenged my prior beliefs about substance abuse. It highlighted that substance abuse is more about how a substance affects an individual's life rather than the substance itself.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.dINk0528
The "why". I think to have client centered care in treatment for someone suffering from substance abuse you need to have an understanding of why that people started and why they continue. I think this can help decrease some bias and presumptions made by treatment providers. As well I think having this understanding will help make sure the chosen treatment is best for them.

# data[].attributes.custom_properties.qZE4y9kU
One thing that I found surprising was how many drug induced mental disorders arise from drug use. Anothering thing I found surprising was that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing was a treatment used for hallucinogenic related disorders. I found this surprising because I have never heard of something like this and didn't know there were treatment that could done with your eyes. 

# data[].attributes.body
Watch this video and then use the "+" sign on the bottom right hand side to add your responses to the two questions provided.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Best Explanation of Addiction I’ve Ever Heard – Dr. Gabor Maté