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The movements for gay rights, socialism, civil rights, and nonviolence were led by this African American activist. He was regarded as one of the brightest minds and worked tirelessly for his community.

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AALF (African American Leadership Forum)

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AALF (African American Leadership Forum)

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Founded in 2006, this organization is comprised of over 1,500 African Americans who self-identify as thought leaders, influencers, builders, and ambassadors.

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This Ohio man became an inventor with a rare gift for designing machines that saved people's lives, including an early version of the traffic light. He invented many other useful products such as a hair dryer.

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Howard Washington Thurman (1899–1981) played a leading role in many social justice movements and organizations of the twentieth century. He was one of the principal architects of the modern, nonviolent civil rights movement and a key mentor to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

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In 1927, Sadie Alexander became the first African American woman to practice law in the state of Pennsylvania. She managed a private law firm with her husband until 1959 when she opened her own law firm and her husband became a judge for the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas.[68

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Albert Murray, an essayist, critic, and novelist who influenced the national discussion about race by challenging black separatism, insisting that the black experience was essential to American culture and inextricably tied to it, died on Sunday at his home in Harlem. He was 97

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An African-American civil rights and human rights activist named Ella Josephine Baker was a career organizer who worked primarily in the background for more than five decades. In New York City and the South, she worked alongside some of the most noted civil rights leaders of the 20th century, including W. E. B.

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Jane Bolin is known as the first Black woman to earn a law degree from Yale and spent 40 years working in New York's Family Court. She is also known as the nation's first African American woman to be appointed a judge.

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One of the most innovative photographers of the 20th century, he focused on civil rights, poverty, racial relations, and urban life. He developed films that depicted the struggles of black Americans and slaves.