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American declaration that Europe would not interfere with western hemisphere.
Later had America act as enforcer of debt payment and corporate interests in Latin America.

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Admitted CA as free, Utah and NM have popular sovereignty, federal government assume TX's public debt, and adopt and enforce new Fugitive Slave Law.
Divided the nation to choose abolitionists, secessionists, and unionists.

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Northern book that moved North and Europe to view all slave owners as cruel and inhuman.
Galvanized the support of the North to be abolitionists and Southerners to be secessionists.

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Extremists on both sides intended to skew popular sovereignty vote in Kansas, often breaking out into violence.
States could not be able to peacefully decide on slavery, conflicts could not be stopped.

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Supreme court ruled slaves were never intended to be citizens, could not be excluded from territory by nature of being property, ruled Missouri Compromise as unconstitutional as it excluded the movement of slavery.
Increased Northern suspicions of conspiracy, those who were Democrats voted Republican, South viewed all that did not support the case enough to be radical.

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A moderate on slavery, Lincoln was the Republican party's candidate for election, platforming the exclusion of slavery in the territories, protective tariffs, free land for homesteaders, and internal improvements.
The election prompted radicals and large slave owners to secede from the Union, prompting the Civil War.

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Four bloody years of conflict to preserve the union and abolish slavery.
The damage to the South would never be completely repaired, attempts would cease to Southern resistance, prompting later acts to oppress African-Americans.

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Speech made by Lincoln stating that the nation was built on "all men are created equal." and alluded to Emancipation Proclamation for the "new birth of freedom."
Advanced the cause to spread democracy in the United States and the world.

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Multiple acts to repair damage done by the war politically and socially, as well as safeguard the newfound rights of African-American citizens by protecting their rights to equal treatment. They were not treated equally.
The acts sparked discontent among the North whom wanted more punishment on the South, and Southerners did everything possible to treat African-Americans as poorly as possible.

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William H. Seward. lobbied to purchase Alaska from Russia, viewed as "Seward's Folly," for many years.
The first of America's advances into expansionism and imperialism going forward.

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Developed by Alexander Graham Bell, allowed instant phonetic, communication beyond distance.
Greatly connected America and the world as instant communication over vast lands was now possible.

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Anarchists took advantage of a labor strike in Haymarket Square, and threw a bomb that killed 7 police officers.
Made the public view unions as radical and violent.

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Broke up Native American tribal land to break up tribal organization. Intended to "civilize," Native Americans.
Tribal land would be sold first to corporations then the public, failed to assimilate Native Americans.

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Pullman workers laid down tools and refused to handle any Pullman cars. Railroad owners aided Pullman and attached their cars to mail trains. The federal court arrested any workers who interfered with mail.
Allowed the use of injunctions to break up future unions.

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The Supreme Court upheld the law of "separate but equal accommodations" in Louisiana.
This decision brought forth a flood of Jim Crow Laws segregating African-American and treating them as second-hand citizens below white Americans.

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Spanish suppression of Cubans, yellow press and expansionists in government in America were causes. During the war, American took control of the Philippines and annexed Hawaii, at the end, Spain gave up Puerto Rico and Guam.
Prompted controversy over expansion and imperialism in government that would split the Republican Party.

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War in the Philippines gave congress a needed excuse to annex Hawaii for a naval refuel station.
Hawaii became a territory in 1900 and the fiftieth state in 1959.

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Assassinated a few months after inauguration by an anarchist, vice president Theodore Roosevelt succeeded him in office.
The immediate ascension to office by Roosevelt allowed him carry his "big stick" without having to run.

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Construction of Panama Canal Begins 1904

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Construction of Panama Canal Begins 1904

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Pulling out of the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, America built the canal alone. Frustrated by Colombian control of the isthmus, Roosevelt orchestrated a revolt for Panama's independence with the Canal Zone belonging to America.
Many americans were unhappy at the tactics used to build the canal, Latin-America more-so.

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Teddy Roosevelt Wins Nobel Peace Prize 1906

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Teddy Roosevelt Wins Nobel Peace Prize 1906

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Awarded for working to settle the Russo-Japanese War.
Embodied the youthful vigor of America on the world stage.