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French philosopher, Charles Fourier, is credited as one of the founders of utopian socialism and was also an influential socialist thinker. Fourier believed that a self-sufficient society free of government intervention would foster cooperation, equality and peace.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Fourier

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Following his 1989 CBC radio series 'Matter of Survival', which brought awareness to how humanity was negatively affecting the environment, Suzuki established the David Suzuki Foundation. As stated on the website, Suzuki believes that "respect for nature and interdependence with it must be our species’ top priority."

https://davidsuzuki.org/about/our-story/

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Marx attributed social issues affecting the proletariat to the flawed system of capitalism. He believed his alternative system, communism, would cater to the needs of the people, not just the bourgeoisie. This would be achieved by eliminating the oppressive class system and the state through a revolutionary overthrow of the government. Marx discussed his ideas about communism in several works, which were subsequently built on and developed by other philosophers subscribed to the ideology.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/communism/Marxian-communism

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In addition to being a well-known physicist, Einstein was also an outspoken pacifist. He spoke against the production of armaments and advocated for peace, opposed to war.

In the last paragraph of the 'Russel-Einstein Manifesto', Einstein's disapproval of war and call for peace can be seen,

"[...] such weapons threaten the continued existence of mankind, we urge the governments of the world to realize, and to acknowledge publicly, that their purpose cannot be furthered by a world war, and we urge them, consequently, to find peaceful means for the settlement of all matters of dispute between them."

http://dipc.ehu.es/digitalak/orriak/english/pacifism.html

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Most of his writings, both in his essays and editorials, centered on individual rights and freedom, specifically for the Filipino people. As part of his reforms, he even called for the inclusion of the Philippines to become a province of Spain. His ideas helped formulate a national identity for the Philippines, which was a new concept in Asia, then under colonial rule. He defended his beliefs to his death.

https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/the-life-and-legacy-of-jose-rizal-the-philippines-national-hero/

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Owen was a proponent of many aspects of socialism such as collective good and cooperation, and even established social services, such as education and healthcare. He became known as the 'Father of British Socialism' and introduced ideas of a workers' utopia, socialist reform and universal charity.

https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofWales/Robert-Owen-Father-British-Socialsm/

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Carl Von Clausewitz believed in winning public support, overcoming the armed power of the enemy, and taking possession of materials as well as other key sources of strength. He believed that a general theory of war was attainable and that a war should express immutable essence, nature, or concept and guide all military action.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carl-von-Clausewitz

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Proudhon is often referred to as the father of anarchism. He was critical of both communism and capitalism, as both ceded control from the individual to the state. In addition, his distaste for the accumulation of wealth can be attributed to his upbringing in poverty. His branch of anarchy, called mutualism, also advocated for decentralization in order to restore the people's freedoms. These changes would occur through a "transformation of society" opposed to a violent revolution, such as the French Revolution.

https://www.studysmarter.us/explanations/politics/political-ideology/pierre-joseph-proudhon/
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon#Anarchy_and_revolution

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Working closely with Benito Mussolini, a fascist leader of Italy, he laid the groundwork for the fascist ideology in the "Doctrine of Fascism" published in 1932. Gentile directly participated in the dictatorship government of Fascist Italy until his death and earned the nickname, 'Philosopher of Fascism'.

https://www.studysmarter.us/explanations/politics/political-ideology/giovanni-gentile/

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Ricardo’s capitalistic views suggested that nations fare better when they focus on producing goods with the lowest production opportunity costs.

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/david-ricardo.asp

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John Stuart Mill defines utilitarianism as a theory based on the principle that "actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness." Mill defines happiness as pleasure and the absence of pain.

https://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/utilitarianism/summary/