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https://www.adl.org/resources/backgrounder/brief-history-disability-rights-movement

https://www.nps.gov/articles/disabilityhistoryrightsmovement.htm

https://disabilities.temple.edu/resources/disability-rights-timeline

https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/9-landmark-cases-in-u-s-history-that-85850/

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The movement saw notable key pieces of legislation get passed.

Rehabilitation Act of 1973 - provided equal opportunity for employment within the federal government and in federally funded programs. It also mandates equal access to public services to those with disabilities.

Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1975) - guarantees equal access to public education to children with disabilities. It mandates full inclusion of children with disabilities in mainstream education unless their disability is severe enough that they cannot. This was later renamed to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1990 with more of a focus on parental involvement.

Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) - After decades of lobbying, the ADA was passed. Similar to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the ADA mandates equal treatment of disabled people and equal access to employment and public services. The ADA is arguably the most important accomplishment of the disability rights movement.

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Both state and federal governments required pressure from their citizens to get the needed legislation passed. Many protests were held in Washington DC, with one notable one being the Capitol Crawl Protest, a push for the ADA to get passed. Other states also had anti-disabled laws in place, such as Indiana's eugenic sterilization law for disabled people which many other states adopted as well. Buck v. Bell in 1927 ruled forced sterilization to be constitutional. However, many court cases have been in favor of the disability rights movement. Here are a few important ones:

O'Conner v. Donaldson (1975) - Donaldson had been confined in a mental facility for fifteen years despite wanting to be released and posing no danger to himself or others. The Supreme Court unanimously ruled in favor of Donaldson.

Ford v. Wainwright (1986) - Ford was convicted of murder and sentenced to death. However, he began to display signs of mental illness. The court ruled that executing the insane is inhumane.

PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin (2001) - Martin, a disabled golfer, requested to use a golf cart to get around in state three of a PGA qualifying tournament. The PGA refused. The court ruled 7-2 in favor of Martin since allowing him the cart would not give him a significant advantage.

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The disability rights movement was a nationwide effort across all fifty states. While many of the protests and much of the lawmaking was done in Washington DC, many organizations sprung up across the nation to promote equality and recognition towards disabled people.

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The start of the movement can be traced as far back as 1815 when the first school for deaf people was founded in Hartford, Connecticut. Shortly following in 1829, the braille alphabet was invented. The first major milestone for the movement was the election of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the first disabled president, in 1932. Even more pressure was put on the government for equal treatment after the return of many injured soldiers from WWII. By the tail end of the 20th century, campaigning and lobbying were at its peak. In 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law by President George Bush which mandates equal treatment towards those with disabilities.

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Many key figures were involved in the disability rights movement.

Thomas H. Gallaudet - founded first school for deaf people in the United States
Louis Braille -  invented the braille alphabet system
FDR - first disabled president
Harry Truman - created National Institute of Mental Health
George H.W. Bush - signed ADA into law

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The disability rights movement is about giving those with disabilities the same rights and treatment as those without. In the early 19th century, those with disabilities were looked down upon as pitiful, useless people who couldn't care for themselves or contribute to society. However, as World War I came to a close, disabled veterans began to demand rehab and treatment for the disabilities they sustained while serving their nation.