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The process of Colombia's independence began with the Cry of Independence on July 20, 1810, in Bogotá and culminated with the Battle of Boyacá on August 7, 1819, led by Simón Bolívar, which consolidated independence from Spanish rule.

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A civil conflict between the Liberal and Conservative parties that left deep wounds in the country and resulted in significant economic and social devastation.

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In the 1920s, Vallenato begins to solidify as a musical genre in the Caribbean coastal region of Colombia. Although its roots are older, it is during this period that the accordion becomes a central instrument, and compositions that narrate everyday stories and legends start to gain popularity.

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The assassination of Liberal leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán on April 9, 1948, triggered a wave of violence in Bogotá and other parts of the country, marking the beginning of a period of conflict known as La Violencia, which lasted until the mid-1950s

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1968 - Foundation of the Vallenato Legend Festival

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1968 - Foundation of the Vallenato Legend Festival

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In April 1968, the Vallenato Legend Festival is held for the first time in Valledupar. This annual event becomes a crucial pillar for the preservation and promotion of Vallenato, bringing together the best exponents of the genre and attracting thousands of fans.

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The Constituent Assembly of 1991 enacted a new constitution that deeply reformed Colombia's political and legal system, promoting greater rights and freedoms, and creating key institutions such as the Constitutional Court.

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- Event: Solid Economic Expansion.

- Date: 2002-2014.

- Description: During this period, Colombia experienced robust economic growth, with an average annual GDP growth rate of around 4-5%, driven by economic reforms, political stability, and high commodity prices.

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2004 - Juanes Wins 5 Latin Grammy Awards

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2004 - Juanes Wins 5 Latin Grammy Awards

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In 2004, Colombian singer and songwriter Juanes wins 5 Latin Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year for "Un Día Normal." This recognition marks a milestone in his career and highlights the influence of Colombian music on the international scene.

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2006 - Shakira's Global Hit "Hips Don't Lie"

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2006 - Shakira's Global Hit "Hips Don't Lie"

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In 2006, Colombian singer Shakira releases "Hips Don't Lie," a collaboration with rapper Wyclef Jean. The song becomes a global hit, reaching number one in multiple countries and solidifying Shakira as one of Colombia's most influential and internationally recognized artists

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Free Trade Agreement with the United States (2012)

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Free Trade Agreement with the United States (2012)

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- Event: Signing of the Free Trade Agreement.

- Date: 2012.

- Description: Colombia and the United States signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) that went into effect in May 2012. This agreement aimed to boost Colombian exports, attract foreign investment, and improve access to international markets

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- Event: Oil Crisis.

- Date: 2015-2016.

- Description: The drop in oil prices severely affected the Colombian economy, as oil is a crucial source of revenue for the country. This led to economic slowdown and reduced public investment.

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Peace negotiations between the government of President Juan Manuel Santos and the FARC guerrillas culminated in an agreement in 2016, ending more than 50 years of armed conflict. The agreement included the demobilization and disarmament of the FARC and their transformation into a legal political party.

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"La Bicicleta": In May 2016, Carlos Vives and Shakira release the song "La Bicicleta." The single becomes an international hit, winning the Latin Grammy for Song of the Year and showcasing the cultural and musical richness of Colombia through its rhythms and lyrics.

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January 31, 2020 must go down in history as the day of the formal exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union. The British government thus fulfilled the mandate it received in the referendum of June 23, 2016.

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the White House and Taliban leaders signed an agreement that laid out a plan for the withdrawal of US troops and laid the groundwork for peace negotiations in the country.

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Event: Increase in Unemployment.

- Date: 2020.

- Description: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the unemployment rate soared to a record 20.2% in 2020. This reflected the severe impact of restrictions and the economic slowdown on the labor market.

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Normalization of relations between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain

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Normalization of relations between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain

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Between August and September 2020, the signing of agreements to normalize relations between Israel and the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain was announced.

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The coronavirus pandemic has been a severe test for the European integration process. But it could also become a stepping stone to help its consolidation. In July 2020, after a marathon summit that lasted almost four days, the leaders of the European Council gave the green light to the creation of a fund worth some US$860 billion to help the member states of the European Union recover their economies battered by the consequences of the pandemic.

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RCEP, the world's largest free trade agreement

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RCEP, the world's largest free trade agreement

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In mid-November, 15 countries in the Asia-Pacific region signed the world’s largest free trade agreement, the Regional Economic Integration Partnership, known as RCEP. Signed by the ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations along with China, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand, the pact covers nations that contain nearly a third of the world’s population and account for 29% of global gross domestic product.

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Event: Surge in Inflation.

- Date: 2022.

- Description: Inflation in Colombia reached over 10% in 2022, driven by global factors such as rising food and energy prices, as well as domestic supply chain issues.