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Modal verbs are helping verbs that are used along with main verbs to represent the ability, possibility and probability of a subject to do an action and emphasise the necessity of an action.

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Why Is It Important to Learn about Modal Verbs?

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Why Is It Important to Learn about Modal Verbs?

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Modal verbs open up a whole new way of speaking and writing with their ability to quickly change the meaning of a verb and a sentence. Also, some modal verbs are “polite”, meaning that you’ll sound more polite when you use them to ask questions or propose suggestions, which is important when speaking a foreign language.

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Ability: She can play the piano very well.

Permission: May I go to the bathroom, please?

Possibility: It might rain this evening.

Necessity: You must finish your homework before going out to play.

Advice: You should eat more fruits and vegetables.

Obligation: We ought to recycle our waste to protect the environment.

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Used to denote the ability of the subject to perform an action or to request permission to perform an action.

1. Can as a modal verb is never conjugated.

2. Can is used to make questions or negations.

3. Can is used to refer to actions happening in the present or future.

4. Modal verbs including can are used once in a sentence.

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Used to express possibility or past ability as well as to make suggestions and requests. "Could" is also commonly used in conditional sentences as the conditional form of "can."

Examples:

Extreme rain could cause the river to flood the city. possibility

Nancy could ski like a pro by the age of 11. past ability

You could see a movie or go out to dinner. suggestion

Could I use your computer to email my boss? request

We could go on the trip if I didn't have to work this weekend. conditional

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'May' is used to express possibility or likelihood of something happening, but with a level of uncertainty or lack of certainty.'May' is a modal verb that is used to:

1. Express possibility

2. Ask for/give permission

3. Express wishes

4. Make a Suggestion

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'Might' is similar to 'may' in that it is used to express possibility or likelihood of something happening. However, the difference is that 'might' suggests a lower degree of probability or a less likely possibility than 'may'. It implies that the chances of something happening are smaller or more remote.

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Use “will” in English to talk about the future, we normally use “will” to make predictions, talk about spontaneous decisions, and to make promises, offers, requests and threats.

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Traditionally, the modal 'shall' was used with 'I' and 'We' and 'You' to express a future action. However, in modern English, 'shall' is usually replaced with 'will'.

1. predict the future

2. show determination

3. make suggestions

4. make promises or offers

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Used to give advice or make suggestions in English. The use of 'should' in these cases implies a recommendation or suggestion based on what the speaker believes is the right or appropriate course of action.

giving advice, suggestion or recommendation

predicting the future and talking about expectations

giving an order or instruction

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Like modal verbs, it is often followed by the base form of the verb and it has the same form for all persons. However, unlike modal verbs, "ought to" is followed by the particle "to," which is not used with modal verbs. 'Ought to' is commonly used to:

Express obligation and necessity

Indicate expectation

Give advice or recommendation

Express probability

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'Must' can be used to express something necessary or very important that is required to be done.

1. expressing obligation

2. expressing something likely or logical

3. making suggestions and recommendations

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'Have to' is commonly used to express an obligation or requirement, often indicating that the obligation comes from external factors such as rules, laws, or social expectations.

express necessity and obligation

give advice or recommendation

express certainty

express annoyance

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'Would' is used as the past form of 'will' in indirect speech when reporting or quoting what somebody has said or thought.

the past tense of will

imaginary future (type 2 and 3 conditionals)

regular and typical activity in the past

refusals in the past

politely offering or making requests

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When using Can, Could and Shall, Should?

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When using Can, Could and Shall, Should?

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Mixed modal verbs: exercise 2. Can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would. Elementary and intermediate level esl

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Created with Hot Potatoes by Half-Baked Software, registered to Klaus Rosmanitz.

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Write a sentence related to you the modal verb of your choice 

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Write a sentence related to you the modal verb of your choice 

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We may not eat pizza for lunch.

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We may not eat pizza for lunch.

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1. You should consider taking a break before continuing to work.

2. We could go to the movies tonight if you have time.

3. You shouldn't worry so much about the future; everything will be fine.