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When a chemical change involves a color change, we might see liquids or solids change from one color to another. For example, a clear solution might turn blue, or a white powder might turn yellow.

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During a color change, the molecules are actually changing their structure. This new structure affects how they absorb and reflect light, which is why we see different colors.

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1. Apples turning brown when cut
2. Copper turning green on old statues
3. Leaves changing color in fall
4. Bananas ripening from green to yellow

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A precipitate is a solid that forms in a liquid during a chemical reaction. It looks like tiny particles floating or settling at the bottom of a container.

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When two solutions mix, their molecules can react to form new compounds that don't dissolve in water. These insoluble compounds clump together and form visible solid particles.

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Chemical Precipitation Reactions are Beautiful Chemistry!

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1. Hard water leaving mineral deposits in pipes
2. Stalactites forming in caves
3. Soap scum forming in bathtubs

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An explosion is a very fast chemical reaction that releases energy suddenly. We see a burst of light, feel a shock wave, and hear a loud noise.

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During an explosion, molecules break apart and recombine very quickly, releasing a lot of energy and creating rapidly expanding gases.

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1. Fireworks displays
2. Car engines running (tiny controlled explosions)
3. Volcanoes erupting
4. Baking soda and vinegar reaction

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When a gas forms, we might see bubbles rising through a liquid, or a balloon inflate. Sometimes we can see vapor or smoke.

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Molecules in the reaction combine to form new molecules that exist as a gas at room temperature. These gas molecules spread out to fill their container.

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1. Baking bread (yeast produces carbon dioxide)
2. Soda fizzing when opened
3. Plants producing oxygen during photosynthesis
4. Adding antacid tablets to water

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Some chemical reactions produce light. This can appear as a glow, flash, or steady light emission.

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When molecules react, sometimes the energy is released as light. The electrons in the molecules jump to higher energy levels and then release light when they fall back down.

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1. Glow sticks
2. Fireflies glowing
3. Light sticks used in camping
4. Some deep-sea creatures producing light

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While we can't see an odor, our nose can detect new smells that weren't there before the reaction. These can be pleasant or unpleasant.

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New molecules formed in the reaction can be volatile (easily become gases). When these molecules reach our nose, they interact with special receptor cells that detect different smells.

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1. Cooking food
2. Bread baking
3. Rotting food
4. Striking a match

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In reactions that release heat (exothermic reactions), we might feel the container getting warmer, see steam, or notice bubbling.

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When chemical bonds break and new ones form, sometimes extra energy is released as heat. The molecules move faster and bump into each other more.

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What Are Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions | Chemistry | FuseSchool

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1. Hand warmers activating
2. Burning wood in a campfire
3. Rusting iron
4. Chemical hot packs

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In reactions that absorb heat (endothermic reactions), we might feel the container getting colder or see condensation forming on the outside.

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These reactions need energy to happen. They take heat energy from their surroundings, making the molecules in the surroundings move more slowly.

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Endothermic and Exothermic Processes-A Molecular View

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1. Cold packs activating
2. Making ice cream with salt and ice
3. Photosynthesis in plants
4. Melting ice

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When a new substance forms, we might notice different properties like texture, color, or state of matter that are different from the starting materials.

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The atoms in the original substances rearrange to form new molecules with different properties. It's like taking apart building blocks and putting them together in a new way!

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1. Cake batter becoming cake
2. Paper burning to ash
3. Milk turning into cheese
4. Eggs cooking and becoming solid