# data[].attributes.body
https://neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/11-Region-11-Databook-and-Roadmap_4June2021.pdf

TITILE: Davao Region Water Supply and Sanitation Databook and Regional Roadmap

DATE PUBLISHED: 6/4/2021

AUTHOR: National Economic and Development Authority.

KEY CONTENT: Ground water potential, Water availability, Water stress, and Water scarcity in region 11

This piece has multiple topics over water problems and solutions but focusing on the points of this data are that in region 11 there are possibilities for potential ground water while also highlighting water availability and its future concerns

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14.) Non-Government Organization or Academic Institution Article

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14.) Non-Government Organization or Academic Institution Article

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https://cleanwaterinternational.org

TITILE: Making water free-flowing for all | The Exchange

DATE: (2021)

AUTHOR: CLEAN WATER INTERNATIONAL

KEY CONTENT: Foundation of providing clean water in rural areas in the Philippines

Clean Water International Philippines a NGO that focuses on water availability for the rural areas in Davao (and other regions) that has poor water quality and management. The offices in the program it provides and solicit donations to campaigns to help fund areas that are in critical need of water

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https://youtu.be/6cJ-RltOnIE

TITLE: Making Water Free-Flowing For All

DATE PUBLISHED: 4/2/2023

AUTHOR: Darrell Nelson

KEY CONTENT: charity for water and donations. Future goals and aspects to provide clean water efficiently through programs

This is a founder of a non-government organization, the goals for this is to Aim and educate people in rural areas such as public schools and villages, on how to use and manage water

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CNN Philippines | Making water free-flowing for all | The Exchange

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https://www.rappler.com/nation/mindanao/diarrhea-outbreak-villages-davao-july-2022/

TITLE: 43 people down as diarrhea outbreak hits 12 Davao villages

DATE PUBLISHED: 7/18/2022

AUTHOR: Grace Cantal-Albasin

KEY CONTENT: Reported areas in Davao city having contaminated water

This shows that plumbing of water in other sources is not maintained or properly treated and old water pipelines gets degraded some time can cause these effects and problems in some areas in Davao

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Davao's health authorities suspect the diarrhea outbreak is caused by either water contamination as a result of flooding from incessant rain, or contaminated street food

DAVAO CITY, Philippines - Health officials in Davao City sounded alarm bells over an outbreak of diarrhea that sent several dozen people to hospitals since late last week.

The diarrhea outbreak started on Friday, July 15, in Davao's Toril District.

The City Health Office (CHO) counted at least 43 people brought to various hospitals in Davao as of Sunday night, July 17.

The hospital patients were as young as six months to 44 years, and at least one was diagnosed with amoebiasis.

Dr. Ashley Lopez, city health officer, said about a dozen villages, mostly in the Toril District, were adversely affected.

Lopez said a CHO team has been dispatched to the district to investigate the possible source and cause of the outbreak.

He said health authorities suspected it was a case of water contamination as a result of flooding from incessant rains in Davao for more than two weeks, or contaminated street food.

City hall suspended the sale of street food in all of Toril as a precautionary measure in the aftermath of the outbreak.

The CHO has started collecting specimens from the patients, and water samples for laboratory tests.

"The specimens collected have been sent to Southern Philippines Medical Center's laboratory," said Lopez.

Davao Mayor Sebastian Duterte ordered social workers to do the rounds and see if city hall could extend financial aid to the patients' families.

In a statement on Sunday, the Davao City Water District (DCWD) said all its chlorination facilities were fully working and that the city's tap water supply had chlorine residuals within the normal limit of 0.8 parts per million, enough to work against inactive bacteria-causing waterborne diseases such as diarrhea.

The DCWD said it was also taking samples from its water distribution network for extensive tests.

"DCWD has protocols in place to ensure that the quality of water it provides to the customers passes the parameters of the Philippines National Standards for drinking water. It maintains the use of gas chlorine in controlled doses to treat water and ensure it is safe for consumption," read part of the DCWD statement.

In the meantime, Davao's health officials urged residents to avoid drinking tap water or boil it before intake as a precaution while the investigation is ongoing.

"Soon as the water boils, let it stay boiling for at least a minute or 10 minutes at the maximum," Lopez said.

He said those with symptoms of diarrhea should also make sure they stay hydrated.

"Add a pinch of salt to the water to serve as electrolytes," he said.

Meanwhile, those who already find it difficult to manage the diarrhea symptoms should seek medical help, Lopez added. - Rappler.com

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43 people down as diarrhea outbreak hits 12 Davao villages

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Davao's health authorities suspect the diarrhea outbreak is caused by either water contamination as a result of flooding from incessant rain, or contaminated street food

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9I5dGoHM3o

TITLE: Our Problem of Water Scarcity and How We Can Help.

DATE PUBLISHED: 4/1/2021

AUTHOR: Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation

KEY CONTENT: How water could ran out in the near future of 2040 and affect the future generation and rural areas in the Philippines

In this webinar this talk it features the critical point of how water is precious and highlights how much you can save water if you just closed the tap while brushing your teeth Because its true, since that would just hack up your water bill. But a small change can cause a lot of differences, lakes and rivers would not be dried out if we just fix a bad habit of wasting water. Additionally, this makes a good highlight on how agriculture consumes a lot of fresh water to produce the live stock

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRd3KZ8kyQo

TITLE: Philippines suffers from water shortage for days

DATE PUBLISHED: 3/19/2019

AUTHOR: CGTN America

KEY CONTENT: Summer has high water demand and suffering from drought in the season

A lot of water is already used and puts us to Water Scarcity. But the most important is how much water is used in summer and getting more water supply is more struggling in some areas

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Philippines suffers from water shortage for days

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8.) Public Service Message Or Promotional Video

# data[].attributes.subject
8.) Public Service Message Or Promotional Video

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJrLMO6OYPY

TITLE: One Mindanao: Poor Water Supply

DATE PUBLISHED: 8/6/2021

AUTHOR: GMA Regional TV

KEY CONTENT: Residents of Brgy. Catalunan Grande, Davao City complained that the water supply has been decreased.

The residents of Catalunan Grande have complained that the water in the area has decreased and this shows that there are a lot of residents in Davao that don't have equal and clean water distribution.

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https://www.tiktok.com/@sunstarcebu/video/7256726429604269314?q=effects%20of%20water%20scarcity%20in%20the%20philippines&t=1708847607834

TITLE: Water and sanitation crisis in PH?

DATE PUBLISHED: 7/17/2023

AUTHOR: SunStar Cebu

KEY CONTENT: SunStar Cebu states that the Philippines out of 57 million people lacks clean and safe water.

It shows that the water and sanitation situation in the Philippines has been a significant concern for quite some time. Despite efforts to improve access to clean water and proper sanitation facilities, there are still substantial challenges, particularly in rural areas and urban slums.

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https://www.cnbc.com/2023/06/13/water-scarcity-china-and-india-look-the-most-threatened-from-shortages.html?fbclid=IwAR0Jo9MjurGGDdDHqejFkgoGz9tYe2dsiXhllPTAdHN5gJ3l8fS9FL689Mg

TITLE: The scarcity of water is emerging as a global economic threat. With China and India looking the most at risk.

DATE PUBLISHED: 6/13/23

AUTHOR: Jacob, C.

KEY CONTENT: Researchers say that large Asian economies like India and China will be the most affected from

water shortages.

The article explains that water scarcity will have significant impacts on various sectors, including the semiconductor industry in Taiwan, as well as energy generation and agricultural production. Developing countries in the region face unique challenges in addressing their water crises, and there is a need for technology, innovation, and sustainable practices to mitigate these risks. The article concludes by stating that even countries in the West are likely to face water-related risks as resources become scarcer due to the deepening climate emergency.

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https://www.who.int/philippines/news/feature-stories/detail/water-shortage-in-the-philippines-threatens-sustainable-development-and-health#:~:text=When%20water%20is%20scarce%2C%20people,from%20foodborne%20and%20waterborne%20diseases.

TITLE: Water shortage in the Philippines threatens sustainable development and health

DATE PUBLISHED: 03/22/2019

AUTHOR: World Health Organization

KEY CONTENT: Discussions about the effects of water shortage and how this issue threatens individuals’ development and health

The article views about the effects of water scarcity, the consequences it leaves behind and the discussion of of strategies on how to mitigate and potentially solve this.

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https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/opinion/2019/03/15/1901641/editorial-water-shortage/amp/

TITLE: Water Shortage

DATE PUBLISHED: 03/15/2019

AUTHOR: The Freeman

KEY CONTENT: An art that showcases the effects of water shortage

As the summer approaches, the hot weather arising, the water supply is short. This is an illustration of the outcomes of water shortage and how it affects the people.

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https://earthjournalism.net/stories/water-crisis-looms-in-davao

TITLE: Water Crisis Looms in Davao

DATE: 9/30/20

AUTHOR: Earth Journalism Network.

KEY CONTENT:For one, records from the City Health Office showed the increasing cases of gastrointestinal diseases as one of the city's top health problems

Davao City is facing a water crisis due to increasing cases of gastrointestinal diseases and housing developments. The city's water supply is a major concern, with the Davao City Water District (DCWD) issuing the required certification, which can be detrimental to homeowners. Factors contributing to the shortage include climate variability, demographic patterns, and unsustainable water use. Davao City's tap water is considered the best in the world.

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Davao City is experiencing water crisis.

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https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/water-crisis-looming

TITLE: Water crisis looming?

DATE PUBLISHED: 02/11/2019

AUTHOR: Cristina E. Alivio (SunStar Davao)

KEY CONTENT: Discussions about the effects of low water pressure to no water, to the people in Davao.

This article talks about the outcomes of water shortage, questions on how to solve it, and proposes an answer.

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https://www.adb.org/news/features/clean-accessible-water-raises-health-and-productivity-mindanao

TITLE: Clean, Accessible Water Raises Health and Productivity in Mindanao

DATE: 02/05/10

AUTHOR: Bank, A.D.

KEY CONTENT: Naawan, a town of around 20,000, has benefited from the project, which provides funds for various community-based initiatives such as water supply systems, transport terminals, and public markets in several towns across the island.

The Mindanao Basic Urban Services Sector Project, funded by a US$336,958.84 loan from the ADB to the Land Bank of the Philippines, is helping improve access to potable water in the southern Philippine island of Mindanao. The project provides funds for community-based initiatives such as water supply systems, transport terminals, and public markets in several towns across the island. The project has also helped customers in neighboring Manticao and Mahayahay Village, who now have more time to engage in productive activities, such as gardening.

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Naawan, Philippines - The southern Philippine island of Mindanao has abundant water resources, yet many of its residents still do not have easy access to potable water in their homes. The Mindanao Basic Urban Services Sector Project - funded by a loan of US$336,958.84 from ADB to the Land Bank of the Philippines - is helping change that.

"We used to fetch water from a creek two kilometers away from our home," said Geralyn Emperado of Naawan town, in the province of Misamis Oriental. This was particularly difficult for children, who often help to fetch water in such situations.

Small children also developed rashes and other skin blemishes, because the river where they bathed was not always clean. "Sometimes there would be some buffaloes doing their thing upstream," as Emperado rather delicately put it.

But now, she is sure that the water coming out of the tap is clean and will flow 24 hours a day - helping her care for her three-year-old son and two-month-old baby.

"It's a great convenience for me, especially after giving birth," said Emperado. "I need clean water to bathe; my baby also needs clean water."

Naawan, a town of around 20,000, has benefited from the project, which provides funds for various community-based initiatives such as water supply systems, transport terminals, and public markets in several towns across the island.

Clear Water, Satisfied Customers

In neighboring Manticao, Julieto Vicariato said the "beer-colored" water coming out of his water pump had turned many customers off his roadside eatery.

"We couldn't serve it to our guests and customers, even if tests had shown that the water was actually safe to drink," he said. "It ruined our business."

To provide clean water for drinking and laundry, Vicariato would hike to the creek several times himself to fill eight containers of water per day, or would pay somebody to fetch water from the town center.

"Of course, I'm happy now," he said, after the project extended the water supply line to his village in 2005. "My daily life is not as burdensome as it was before. And there are more customers coming here to eat."

Accessible Water, Active Communities

In Mahayahay Village in the province of Davao del Sur, the local government, with assistance from ADB's Agrarian Reform Communities Project, installed communal taps that made people's lives easier.

"We used to trek to the creek very early in the morning to get our drinking water. We would go back in the afternoon to do our laundry," said Estrella Zafra, 55. A one-way trek would take 30 minutes to one hour, depending on the condition of the trail.

"My legs and neck would be sore," Zafra said, from navigating the hilly terrain balancing heavy buckets of water on her head. The hike was even more difficult during the rainy season when the path became slippery with mud.

Children had to wake up early to fetch water and go back again in the afternoon for another round, leaving them little time to study, neighbors said.

Fetching water was also time-consuming because people had to wait for their turn to fill their buckets. Sometimes fights would break out because of the long wait.

"It was really a waste of time," said Zafra.

But with water in communal taps near their homes, people in this village now have more time to engage in productive activities.

Children study, while adults tend small vegetable gardens. Zafra plants okra, eggplants, tomatoes, and peppers in her vegetable patch. She sells the vegetables to augment her meager family income.

"Most of all," Zafra said, gleefully, "I now have more time to play with my grandchild."

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Clean, Accessible Water Raises Health and Productivity in Mindanao

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Naawan, Philippines - The southern Philippine island of Mindanao has abundant water resources, yet many of its residents still do not have easy access to potable water in their homes. The Mindanao Basic Urban Services Sector Project - funded by a loan of US$336,958.84 from ADB to the Land Bank of the Philippines - is helping change that.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s5rM4OlRnD8

TITLE: Water Shortage in Ormoc City! This is Life in The Philippines

DATE PUBLISHED: 4/15/2022

AUTHOR: The Allens

KEY CONTENT: The underground water system are not healthy due to substandard pipes which causes a lot of leaks.

And also due to storms, water company turns off the flow of water until they fix it, which takes a lot of time causing inconvenience to residents affected. Due to this problem, residents need to find ways to get water and one of that is through going to a well or places with public access to water in order for them to have the water they need for everyday use.

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Water Shortage in Ormoc City! 🇵🇭 This is Life in The Philippines

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5.)  Local or National News Video Segment

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5.)  Local or National News Video Segment

# data[].attributes.body
https://youtu.be/tb1L0CCZdl0?feature=shared

TITLE: Water Shortage — Metro Manila’s next crisis | Stand for Truth

DATE: 8/22/2022

AUTHOR: GMA Public Affairs

KEY CONTENT: Philippines suffering from water shortage. Manila has the highest water demand. Finding solutions to meet with water demand

This shows how high the water demand can be in the future and combating water demand can also generates other problems in the environment when conducting solutions. Without a plan the near end of running out of water future is dire and can lead to shortages in riverbanks and boreholes.

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https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/podcasts-videos/226137-podcast-things-to-know-about-metro-manila-water-shortage/

TITLE: PODCAST: Ano ang dapat mong malaman tungkol sa Metro Manila water crisis?

DATE PUBLISHED: 3/20/2019 AUTHOR: Jodesv Gavilan

KEY CONTENT: People enduring long lines just for water, High water demand in Metro Manila, Discussion of solving the problem

This shows that how people would live in day to day lives having weak water integration systems can significantly effect the livelihoods of these residents in rural areas

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https://www.fda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Administrative-Order-No.-2017-0010.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3e8eplmvxCE8Ryo-8Y7_3ry7n6wu00naTZ9Osij-Y4-AmgGN4s4ty8zac

TITLE: Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water of 2017

DATE: 06/23/2017

AUTHOR: Department of Health

KEY CONTENT: Prescribing the procedures on drinking-water quality to protect consumer's health.

This Administrative Order is about making the drinking-water for the public have a better quality.

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https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-70969-7

TITLE: Water Policy in the Philippines

DATE: 1/30/2018 AUTHOR: Arlene B. Inocencio .

KEY CONTENT: multi structured analysis of water infrastructures, plans, ideas, suggestions, and management regulations

This long book has major suggestions and reports on water management that could improve the infrastructure of water management in rural areas of the Philippines and can give access to water for the poor

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https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2017/08/building-resilience-peace-water-security-strategic-interests-mindanao-philippines/?fbclid=IwAR1JZTXzGnvW9t0vO32asmLuTm3PgEzE7zb-44kzTiddpdAYTfQcUtvty5w

TITLE: Building Resilience for Peace: Water, Security, and Strategic Interests in Mindanao, Philippines

DATE: 08/01/2017

AUTHOR: Roger-Mark De Souza & Chelsea Spangler

KEY CONTENT:A complicated changing of weather patterns that caused severe drought and damaging storms.

This research is about the violence and extreme weather events or climate change in Mindanao, Philippines that causes drought in some places.

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The Philippines faces a breadth of social and environmental challenges that threaten its economic and political stability. A long history of violent conflict stemming from ethnic, religious, and political tensions is further complicated by changing weather patterns that cause severe drought and damaging storms. Millions of people in Mindanao have been displaced by violence and extreme weather events, and their migration from rural areas leaves room for the expansion of terrorist groups that threaten regional stability. The United States currently has strong trade and cultural ties to the Philippines, and U.S. Pacific Command operates military facilities on the islands. This chapter examines the stakes for U.S. interests in Mindanao, and recommends a security approach that combines defense, diplomacy, and development efforts to promote improved governance, social stability, and climate resilience.

Ecological Challenges

Climate change is generating warmer coastal waters, rising sea levels, and stronger storms

The Philippines was listed as the country most affected by climate change in the 2015 Global Climate Risk Index. Mindanao's southern islands are currently experiencing extreme drought and rising temperatures due to climate change and heightened El Niño-Southern Oscillation effects. In April 2016, a severe drought in Cotabato Province drove thousands of farmers to urban centers to demand food assistance. An ongoing three-year drought is also leading to water rationing in Zamboanga City. In some areas, agricultural land has been rendered unusable. These trends are projected to continue: By 2050, average rainfall is expected to decrease by 11%.

Climate change is also generating warmer coastal waters, rising sea levels, and stronger storms in the Philippines. Since 2006, the Philippines has experienced five of the 10 strongest storms in its history.

In addition, Mindanao faces tradeoffs between maintaining marshlands and accessing the oil and gas deposits beneath them. A proposed dam near the Liguasan Marsh would drain 543,600 acres of marsh to enable drilling, but could also flood thousands of acres of farmland.

Other water resources are threatened by decades of illegal gold mining, which has contaminated freshwater sources in T'boli municipality with poisonous mercury and cyanide. Similarly, silt produced by unregulated industrial practices is restricting water flows into Mindanao's largest lake, Lake Lanao, limiting electricity generation.

Societal Challenges

Large segments of Mindanao's population have inadequate access to fresh water due to a combination of factors: degraded water quality stemming from a lack of regulation; depleted water sources due to overuse; and insufficient infrastructure as a result of poor governance, especially in areas experiencing conflict. Disputes over water rights arise where governing institutions are lacking, and feuding parties sometimes intentionally deprive opponents of water access as a tactic.

It is estimated that since 2000, 4 million people have migrated to displacement camps due to violent conflict

It is estimated that since 2000, 4 million people have migrated to displacement camps in Mindanao due to violent conflict in their home regions. In 2013, Typhoon Yolanda and other climate change impacts forced another 4 million people to relocate to Mindanao. Providing water and sanitation for so many displaced people is a challenge that the government has struggled to meet. The mass migration also contributed to a food crisis of such magnitude that in 2000 the Internal Displacement-Monitoring Centre reported that 30%-40% of preschool children on the islands were malnourished.

Over 48% of Mindanao's jobs are in the agriculture sector, which is increasingly threatened by climate impacts. Insufficient water supply and storm recovery mechanisms, along with degradation of watersheds, render agricultural livelihoods untenable, and displace farmers.

Inequitable land tenure and access to natural resources is also an underlying cause of violent conflict in Mindanao. While much of the widespread violence has its roots in a long history of ethnic, religious, and political tensions, it was ultimately land tenure disputes that helped drive part of the Philippines' Muslim population to pursue political separation from the Filipino state.

Implications for the U.S.

The United States and the Philippines have strong trade and cultural ties; around 150,000 Americans live in the Philippines, and around 4 million Filipinos and Filipino-Americans live in the United States.

Mindanao is of geostrategic importance to the United States. It is close to the South China Sea and its potentially oil- and gas-rich Spratly Islands, the ownership of which is hotly contested by various states, including China.

The United States operates military facilities in the Philippines, which the U.S. Pacific Command suggests are critical for maritime security, counterterrorism, and humanitarian and disaster relief operations. These operations are facilitated by the 2014 Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement, and are an important part of U.S.-Philippine cooperation to counter terrorist groups, including Jemaah Islamiyah and Abu Sayyaf, which are helping to establish a territorial foothold for the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in the Philippines.

The newly elected Duterte government is critical of the defense cooperation agreement, asserting that it pits U.S. interests against those of the Philippines. In late 2016, the new president repeatedly called for the removal of U.S. troops from the Philippines, a move that would severely curtail U.S. ability to carry out counterterrorism operations.

Reports indicate that ISIS training camps are being established in Mindanao

Several extremist groups in Mindanao are designated as "foreign terrorist organizations" by the United States, and some of these have carried out attacks on Western targets. Reports indicate that ISIS training camps are being established in Mindanao, and the large-scale displacement of rural populations has created space for such terror operations to prosper. There is a risk that extremist groups will carry out tactics already used in Iraq and Syria, such as taking control of water resources, driving agricultural workers from their land, and destroying infrastructure.

Recommendations

In order to promote stability in the Philippines and protect its interests, the United States should consider the following actions:

Support water-related programs that promote peace-building and climate resilience, including assistance with monitoring and allocating water resources equitably; military protection of dams to prevent terrorist groups from seizing vital water resources; ensuring viability of the agriculture sector; and facilitating the quick resettlement of people displaced by storms or violence.
Chelsea Spangler is a water and security program associate with the World Wildlife Fund-US. Photo Credit: People living in a camp for those displaced by the conflict in Mindanao receive water by truck because the existing pumps have been contaminated by saline water, January 2017, courtesy of European Commission Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations

1. Build trust between governments, local actors, and international aid groups, and build institutional capacity for collaborative governance. An essential step toward such trust will be for local governments to provide basic social services, including water and sanitation, for all social groups.

2. Encourage water management programs that link defense, diplomacy, and development efforts. For example, all donor interventions in Mindanao should include conflict management and mitigation, and should aim to improve local governance.

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Building Resilience for Peace: Water, Security, and Strategic Interests in Mindanao, Philippines

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This article is a summary of the chapter by Roger-Mark De Souza, the director of population, environmental security, and resilience for the Wilson Center, in the new book, Water, Security and [...]