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The rulers of the Shang Dynasty were powerful and built the first cities. The king was a political, religious, and military leader. The Shang relied on warlords. Warlords are military leader that lead their own armies, but are loyal to the king. Writing was invented during the Shang Dynasty during 1400-1200 BCE.

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The Zhou Dynasty was China's longest-lasting dynasty, lasting more than 800 years. The king led the government with the help of a bureaucracy. A bureaucracy is made up of officials who do the tasks of the government. The Zhou Dynasty also developed iron tools in 3000 BC.

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During the Warring States period, aristocrats forced farmers to serve as soldiers so the Zhou Dynasty had more soldiers. The dynasty fell apart and the Qin Dynasty finally won. Between 500 BC and 200 BC, the Chinese developed three new philosophies. Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism.

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Confucianism and Daoism Developed 500 BCE

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Confucianism and Daoism Developed 500 BCE

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Confucianism and Daoism were developed in 500 BCE by Confucious and Lao Tzu. Confucianism is a philosophy that follows believing their ancestors and if they did, it would bring peace and harmony to China. Daoism is another philosophy that follows teaching people to lead a good life and free themselves from desires.

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Legalism is a philosophy that was developed in 250 BCE by somebody named Hanfeizi. Hanfeizi thought that everybody was naturally evil and they should be punished with strict punishments to force them to do what they need to.

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The Qin Dynasty lasted for only fifteen years but won the Warring States battle and defeated the Zhou Dynasty. The empire created a currency called Ban Liang in 378 BCE.

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The founder of the Han Dynasty was somebody named Liu Bang and it lasted more than 400 years. The Han government created school systems to prepare students civil service.