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Performance expectancy is how much the user believes they will benefit from adopting the new technology.

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Effort expectancy is the level of convenience and usability that people feel when using a specific information system (Venkatesh et al., 2003).

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How do my colleagues, friends, and family feel about this new technology? 

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How do my colleagues, friends, and family feel about this new technology? 

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Social influence refers to how the user perceives others will feel about them adopting a new technology.

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Can my organization implement and support this technology?

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Can my organization implement and support this technology?

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Facilitating conditions refer to the security of the user in regards to their organization's ability to successfully implement and sustain a new innovation.

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Don’t Ban ChatGPT in Schools. Teach With It.

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OpenAI’s new chatbot is raising fears of cheating on homework, but its potential as an educational tool outweighs its risks.

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There is a word we use frequently in our daily life lately: technology. Let's dive deeper into this word that we use in every aspect of our lives and examine the effects of technology use in the workplace.

Technology is defined as a revolution enjoyed by all. Because technology makes life easier in many areas as well as easy access to information and ease of communication. Even essential devices such as mobile phones are getting high-tech replacements that provide more services and faster performance.

In addition, technology use sometimes has critical disadvantages. For example, when the internet connection is cut off, everyone feels helpless. And according to research, it's easy to be distracted in the business environment. Because when people are online, they are constantly texting and away from their work. So, as a result, does technology increase or decrease efficiency more?

The answer to this question is somewhat confusing. Statistics show that employees are only productive at the computer for five hours during the average eight-hour workday. However, internet access gives people more communication, more information, and more speed; so, these five hours may be more productive than eight hours of work 20 years ago.

So, this means that technology is much more productive than in non-tech eras. But it doesn't change the fact that there is still a high probability of wasting time while using this technology.

How to Increase Business Efficiency When Using Technology?

When technology is used correctly, it is a blessing for companies. Technology use has benefits in many areas from increasing work efficiency to automation, reducing costs, and branding. However, even if it is used incorrectly, it can negatively affect performance.

Computers and technology allow faster processing of data, easier retrieval of information, and in some cases, automation reducing or replacing physical workers. Since individuals do manual work, it can be time-consuming and full of faulty productions. Using technology in repetitive processes reduces and eliminates errors, while greatly reducing task time.

Technological advances not only make transactions faster but also make it easier to keep the information up to date. Instead of searching for information in a filing cabinet or guessing how information is stored to update a customer address, it is possible to retrieve it from a customer database with a few clicks. This process has been reduced from an hour to a few minutes and now it can be done instantly. When you know what technology can do for your business, you may want to implement technological solutions to make your business more efficient.

Let's look at a few examples of how the use of technology makes works easier;

Web-Based Project Management Systems

Due to the mobile nature of many modern businesses, there is no point in maintaining paper-based files and calendars to keep track of information and to-do lists. There are hundreds of web-based project management systems that can access the internet from any laptop, tablet, or mobile device.

You can create to-do lists using some simple web-based project management systems or drive client-organised projects with a calendar. You can make timelines to track time spent per project or per client that both parties can monitor, and even have a full suite of management tools, such as systems that provide passwords. You can also find access to these programs so that each client can see the progress of the project. Even if you manage multiple clients and projects at once and need more than one person in your organisation to access the project and to-do list, this web-based range of project management tools may be ideal for you.

Programs to Automate Tasks

Are there any jobs that you can automate with technology in your current work? For example, internet businesses often create newsletters for people who are interested in their products or services. It wouldn't make sense to write a new email to greet each person as they subscribe to your mailing list, so you can write your welcome email and take advantage of tech newsletter services to automatically send the letter when a new subscriber arrives.

In addition, CRM programs allow you to successfully manage your relations with customers by saving time.

Different types of technology can help your business maximise efficiency and productivity, reduce expenses, and increase profitability. However, technology should not be used just for the sake of using technology. When used consciously, you can observe the increase in your operating efficiency. To make an informed choice, you must determine which technologies will benefit your organisation in terms of saving time and increasing revenue, given how your business operates. It is possible to get more advanced services that you can try and get with demo versions of the programs you have detected, as well as free services. Companies that lose efficiency, no matter how financially strong, are at higher risk of bankruptcy. In production enterprises, pre-production and post-production productivity follow-up should be done as strictly as production, and technology is an invaluable blessing in this sense.

It is possible to reduce the cost, which is one of the main items that increase the profitability of a business, by using technology. In addition, thanks to these technologies, which simultaneously provide workforce and time management, both manufacturers and employees will move towards their goals with more confident steps.

Advantages of Technology Use in Businesses

Thanks to technological developments, businesses have more options in terms of effective communication, increased productivity, automating business operations and processes, and saving business costs. Organisations and companies use computers, the latest software and applications, high-speed internet, and IoT to transform their business from local markets to international markets to compete with giant competitors in the industry.

The advantages of technology in business are innumerable, no matter what industry you're in or what type of business you run. Let's list the benefits briefly:

· Increased productivity and efficiency

· Effective communication

· Automated business processes with the help of software and applications

· Decreased operating costs

· Increasing business mobility

· Improving work-life balance

To sum up, when the right tactics are applied, technology can be prevented from reducing its efficiency unnecessarily. It should not be forgotten that; technology should not be thought of as the disadvantage that stands in the way of traditional business, but rather as a great tool that the majority do not use properly. It should be known that; When company employees better understand the benefits and potential liabilities of technology in their work environment, they can use technology more accurately and turn this use into an advantage.

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Effects of Technology Use on Business Life

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There is a word we use frequently in our daily life lately: technology. Let's dive deeper into this word that we use in every aspect of our lives and examine the effects of technology use in the workplace.

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At the University where I work in the IT department, we have been struggling for the last year because of both low performance expectancy by faculty and staff and the challenges or effort expectancy, faced by our users in transferring their data and adapting to all different tools. The M365 platform includes Teams which has been particularly challenging for us. Faculty sees less benefits to them because there isn't an easy way to make an office hours standing meeting room, breakout rooms are more challenging to manage, guest access is more cumbersome, and it's difficult to manage multiple windows. There are benefits like PowerPoint Live, live transcription, and persistent meeting chat that we should have tried to bring more focus to. Still, the resistance to change stems from the tool being perceived as less beneficial and more difficult to use.

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Students wait in front of the Academy of Art in San Francisco.

Photograph by Janet Delaney

The computer in our hands can do astonishing things, but new studies show just how dramatically they're distracting us.

Not long ago, as happens almost every day, I got a Skype call on my smartphone from my dad, who lives in Kolkata, India. My dad is 79 and doesn't get out very much, having become increasingly housebound. On this day, I was traveling by train from Denmark to Sweden. Speaking to him, I held my phone up against the window, its camera lens facing out. We both took in the view of the Swedish countryside as the train pulled out from Malmo and sped toward Lund. For a brief while, it felt like we were traveling together.

For that moment of connection, and many others like it, my phone deserves my gratitude. But the same device has become a source of relentless distraction in my life, intruding upon my attention with frightening regularity and diminishing my in-person interactions with family and friends. On a visit to Kolkata to see my dad, I found myself reaching for my phone every few minutes in the middle of our conversation to scan my Facebook feed and see if a photo I'd recently posted had garnered any fresh likes. (It had! And comments, too!)

Over the past decade, smartphones have revolutionized our lives in ways that go well beyond how we communicate. Besides calling, texting, and emailing, more than two billion people around the world now use these devices to navigate, to book cab rides, to compare product reviews and prices, to follow the news, to watch movies, to listen to music, to play video games, to memorialize vacations, and, not least of all, to participate in social media.

It's incontrovertible that smartphone technology has yielded many benefits for society, such as allowing millions of people who lack access to banks to conduct financial transactions, for instance, or enabling rescue workers in a disaster zone to pinpoint precisely where their help is needed most urgently. There are apps available for smartphone users to monitor how much they're walking during the day and how well they're sleeping at night. New applications of the technology emerge seemingly daily: Your smartphone can now help you stay on top of your children's dental hygiene by tracking how long they're brushing their teeth with their Bluetooth-enabled toothbrushes. (My wife and I decided that this was a bit much.)

These benefits, however, seem to have come at a high cost to our mental and social lives. The constant connectivity and access to information that smartphones offer have made the devices something of a drug for hundreds of millions of users. Scientists are just beginning to research this phenomenon, but their studies suggest that we are becomingly increasingly distracted, spending less time in the real world and being drawn more deeply into the virtual world.

The power they hold over us is glaringly evident in our everyday habits and behaviors. Remembering directions is a thing of the past-we habitually rely on our phones to get anywhere, even to destinations we've visited numerous times before. The most compulsive users among us keep our phones within clutching distance at all times, reaching for them even when we wake up in the middle of the night. At airports, on college campuses, at the mall, at the stoplight-at almost any public place you can think of-the most common sight of our time is that of people with bowed heads, looking intently at their phones. If you see someone in a café sipping coffee and staring out the window, it's less likely that they're enjoying a quiet moment and more likely that their device has simply run out of charge.

Our use of smartphones has effectively changed the geography of our minds, creating a distractive off-ramp for every thought we might have on our own. "What I've seen in the last six to eight years is a massive paradigm shift-much of the attentional resource that we devoted to our personal ecosystem has been shifted to what's virtual," says Larry Rosen, an emeritus professor of psychology at California State University in Dominguez Hills and co-author of The Distracted Mind: Ancient Brains in a Hi-Tech World. "That means you are not attending to what's in front of you. We see this in parenting-you are not focusing on your kids. You're not even focusing on what you're watching on television because you're second-screening. It's affecting every aspect of our lives, and sadly, I don't think the pendulum has swung as far as it will go."

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Researchers have begun documenting the impact of smartphones on our ability to focus. In one study, Adrian Ward, a psychologist at the University of Texas at Austin, and his colleagues gave 800 participants two challenging mental tasks-solving a math problem while memorizing a random sequence of letters and selecting an image out of a few options to complete a visual pattern. Some participants were asked to leave their smartphones in another room while others were allowed to keep their smartphones in their pockets. Still other participants kept their smartphones on a desk in front of them. Although the phones played no role in the tasks, how accessible the phones were had an effect on how well the participants were able to perform them. Those who had left their phones in another room fared the best. Those with the phones placed in front of them did the worst. But even those who had tucked their phones in their pockets were found to have diminished cognitive capacity.

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Researchers worry that addiction to smartphones could dull the ability of young users to read and comprehend texts, which in turn could have adverse impacts on their critical thinking. These concerns are based on the results of studies such as one conducted by psychologist Anne Mangen and her colleagues at the University of Stavanger in Norway. They divided 72 students in the 10th grade into two groups, asking one group to read two texts on paper and the other to read the same texts as PDFs on a screen. The print readers did much better on a reading comprehension test than the digital readers.

Another study, conducted at the University of British Columbia, lends support to what many of us have concluded from first-hand experience: Smartphone use can adversely affect social interactions in the real world. The researchers, led by Ryan Dwyer, a doctoral student in psychology, asked more than 300 participants to have a meal at a restaurant with friends or family, instructing some to keep their phones on the table and others to put their phones away. Those who had their phones in front of them reported feeling more distracted during the conversation and enjoyed the meal less than the others.

"When people had access to their phones, they were also more bored, which is not what we were expecting," Dwyer says. Having your phone on the table while dining, he adds, is "probably not going to ruin your meal, but it could chip away at your enjoyment." The toll exacted by this phenomenon on close family relationships is easy to extrapolate.

The reason why it's become so hard for us to set aside our phones, even at mealtimes, isn't hard to understand. "It's well known that if you want to keep a person dialed into something, give them a reward at variable times," explains Ethan Kross, a psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. "Turns out, that's exactly what email or social media does-you don't know when you'll get another like or receive your next email, and so we keep checking."

Our compulsivity seems to be getting worse, according to a study by Rosen and his colleagues in which they've been keeping track of smartphone use by high school students and young adults. Using apps that count the number of times a phone gets unlocked, the researchers found that participants had gone from unlocking their phones about 56 times a day in 2016 to 73 times a day in 2018. "That's a huge increase," Rosen says.

Some of the blame lies with notifications, which can be turned off. Another factor is "the anxieties that are in your head," Rosen says, and these too can be addressed with efforts like mindfulness and meditation. A third and more insidious factor, according to Rosen, is the way technology companies have "carefully orchestrated their apps and their websites to get your eyeballs there, to keep them there and to keep them coming back."

Responding to these criticisms, phone makers have developed apps to help users monitor their phone screen time. But it's unclear if apps like Apple's Screen Time and Google Android's Digital Well Being will help users curtail the time they spend on their phones. In a study of high school seniors, Rosen and his team found that the study participants did check screen time monitoring apps occasionally and did learn that they'd been spending more time on their phones than they'd thought. But they determined that about half of them made no changes to their behavior. (The researchers are following up to find out what changes the others made.)

Rosen admits to being hooked himself. As a news junkie, he's constantly opening up Apple News on his phone. "Most of the time, there's nothing new, but every once in a while, a new story shows up, giving me a positive reinforcement to do it more often," he says.

Learning to live with the technology without surrendering to it may be one of the biggest challenges we face in the digital era. "We are playing catch-up," says Kross, who describes the experiential universe opened up by smartphones as a new ecosystem that we're still adapting to. "There are helpful or harmful ways of navigating the offline world, and the same is true of the digital world."

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee is a contributing writer for National Geographic.

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Smartphones revolutionize our lives-but at what cost?

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The computer in our hands can do astonishing things, but new studies show just how dramatically they're distracting us.

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Microsoft 365 adoption experience (continued)

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Microsoft 365 adoption experience (continued)

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At UNCG, we moved to Microsoft 365 this year. Because of a budget shortfall, this was a strategic and financially driven decision. This move had to begin immediately because of the impending contract renewals for Google and Zoom. There wasn't time for our network administrators and tech support personnel to stay ahead of the rapid rate of change that was occurring and our relationship with our users suffered because they did not have trust in our ability to support them or manage the technology to make this a successful migration.

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Ramdhani, M. A., Priatna, T., Maylawati, D. S., Sugilar, H., Mahmud, M., & Gerhana, Y. A. (2021). Diffusion of Innovations for Optimizing the Information Technology Implementation in Higher Education IEEE. https://10.1109/citsm52892.2021.9588892

Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478. https://10.2307/30036540

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"The interaction features between humans and the application system are made simply and interestingly." (Ramdhani et al., 2021)