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hiv.gov. (2023, January 13). What are HIV and AIDS? HIV.gov. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/what-are-hiv-and-aids

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HIV's existence can be traced back to the late 1800's. It's infection towards human came from a type of chimpanzee in Central Africa.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, June 30). About HIV/AIDS. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html

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Hiv Diagram Images – Browse 1,000 Stock Photos, Vectors, and Video. (n.d.). Adobe Stock. Retrieved March 8, 2024, from https://stock.adobe.com/search?k=hiv+diagram

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The way to know if you have HIV is by getting tested. The downside is that a person could have HIV without knowing they have it. It is somewhat like COVID; a person could be asymptomatic. But some symptom's include flu-like symptoms like chills, fever, muscles aches and they can last to a few days to several of weeks. Ultimately, the only way to know for sure is to get tested.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, June 30). About HIV/AIDS. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html

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Vaccinations and/or cures for HIV (aids)

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Vaccinations and/or cures for HIV (aids)

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There is currently no vaccine available that will prevent HIV infection or treat those who have it. However, scientists are working to develop one. NIH is investing in multiple approaches to prevent HIV, including a safe and effective preventive HIV vaccine.

HIV vaccines. HIV.gov. (n.d.). https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-prevention/potential-future-options/hiv-vaccines#:~:text=There%20is%20currently%20no%20vaccine,are%20working%20to%20develop%20one.

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Everyone diagnosed with HIV should take antiretroviral therapy medicines, also called ART. This is true no matter what stage the disease is in or what the complications are.

ART is usually a mix of two or more medicines from several classes. This approach has the best chance of lowering the amount of HIV in the blood. The classes of anti-HIV medicines include the following:

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)

Nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2024, February 9). HIV/AIDS. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20373531

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This is Marvelous's story about her experience with HIV and how she lives her life with it

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The primary hosts for HIV are the white blood cells variously called helper T lymphocytes, helper T cells, or CD4+ T cells. These cells are important components of the immune system that are normally responsible for activating the responses of many other immune cells. Helper T cells that become infected with HIV rapidly die. Soon after primary infection, the body is usually able to compensate for the loss of infected T cells by producing them in greater quantities, at which time individuals infected with HIV are asymptomatic. Over time, however, the virus becomes increasingly acute and there is a slow decline of helper T cells.

Molecular expressions cell biology: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (n.d.). https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/viruses/hivvirus.html#:~:text=The%20primary%20hosts%20for%20HIV,of%20many%20other%20immune%20cells.

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Sexual contact - HIV is spread most commonly by sexual contact with an infected partner. The virus enters the body through the lining of the vagina, vulva, penis, rectum, or mouth during sexual activity.

Blood contamination - HIV may also be spread through contact with infected blood. However, due to the screening of blood for evidence of HIV infection, the risk of acquiring HIV from blood transfusions is extremely low.

Needles - HIV is frequently spread by sharing needles, syringes, or drug use equipment with someone who is infected with the virus. Transmission from patient to healthcare worker, or vice-versa through accidental sticks with contaminated needles or other medical instruments, is rare.

Causes. Stanford Health Care. (n.d.). https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/causes.html

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Once HIV is in a host cell, is it lytic or lysogenic?

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Once HIV is in a host cell, is it lytic or lysogenic?

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The HIV viruses can either infect humans lytically, or lat dormant (lysogenic) as part of the infected cells' genome, keeping the ability to return to lysis at a later time.

Wikimedia Foundation. (2024, January 26). Lysogenic cycle. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysogenic_cycle#:~:text=For%20instance%2C%20the%20HIV%20viruses,lysis%20at%20a%20later%20time.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, June 30). About HIV/AIDS. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html

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National Foundation for Infectious Diseases. (2023, March). HIV/AIDS. Https://Www.nfid.org/. https://www.nfid.org/infectious-disease/hiv-aids/

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A person can get HIV from sharing needles, getting tattoos or body piercings. You can get HIV from tattoo and piercing tools that are not sterilized correctly between clients. Tools that cut the skin should be used once and then thrown away or sterilized between uses.

Facts about HIV and AIDS. Facts about HIV and AIDS | Office on Women’s Health. (n.d.). https://www.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/hiv-and-aids-basics/facts-about-hiv-and-aids

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Famous people with HIV:

Freddy Mercury

Johnathan Vanness (Queer Eye)

Magic Johnson

WebMD. (n.d.). Famous faces of HIV and AIDS. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/ss/slideshow-celebrities-hiv-aids

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Black and Hispanic/Latino people have been hit especially hard by HIV. Black Americans make up only about 12 percent of the population but accounted for 42 percent of new HIV cases in 2020. Racism, HIV stigma, homophobia, poverty, and barriers to healthcare are powerful forces driving this disparity, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Bennington-Castro, J., Warner, J., Myhre, J., Mackenzie, N. G., Sullivan, K., & Peirce, A. (n.d.). HIV/AIDS facts everyone should know. EverydayHealth.com. https://www.everydayhealth.com/hiv-aids/10-hiv-aids-facts-everyone-should-know.aspx

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Woman and babies can contract HIV. Approximately one-quarter of people with HIV in the United States are female, and most were exposed to the virus through heterosexual sex. A person who is pregnant and has HIV/AIDS can pass HIV to their unborn child, and can also transmit the virus during childbirth and when breastfeeding, the CDC says.

Facts about HIV and AIDS. Facts about HIV and AIDS | Office on Women’s Health. (n.d.). https://www.womenshealth.gov/hiv-and-aids/hiv-and-aids-basics/facts-about-hiv-and-aids