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The following should be researched upon:

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The following should be researched upon:

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URL: https://www.facebook.com/uniminofficial/posts/2974783235878273/?locale=ar_AR

TITLE: Statement on appearance of cracks on walls of the stairwell located at the Professional Schools Building in Matina campus

AUTHOR: University of Mindanao (Official Page)

DATE PUBLISHED: December 17, 2019

KEY INFO: UM Matina campus shows signs of weakness in its infrastructure as cracks appear on its walls of the stairwell.

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URL: https://mindanaodailynews.com/55-quake-in-surigao-sur-38-structures-damaged-58-persons-sustain-minor-injuries/

TITLE: 5.5 quake in Surigao Sur: 38 structures damaged; 58 persons sustain minor injuries

AUTHOR: MINDANAO DAILY NEWS NETWORK

DATE PUBLISHED: July 14, 2019

KEY INFO: Saturday morning’s magnitude 5.5. quake damaged at least 38 buildings in the five Surigao del Sur towns while at least 58 residents sustained minor injuries.

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URL: https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/metro/692165/dpwh-ncr-finds-cracks-in-2-bridges-34-school-buildings-7-gov-t-offices-after-quake/story/

TITLE: Earthquake causes part of crane to break, fall from building in Davao City

AUTHOR: GMA INTEGRATED NEWS

DATE PUBLISHED: November 17, 2023

KEY INFO: A part of a crane broke down and fell from a building in Matina, Davao City after an earthquake hit the area. Additionally, the strong tremors caused portions of the mall ceiling to collapse. The situation shows a clear sign of the lack of structural integrity when it comes to the planning and setting up different construction pieces in Davao.

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Earthquake causes part of crane to break, fall from building in Davao City

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A part of a crane broke and sent debris falling from a building under construction in Matina, Davao City as a result of the magnitude 6.8 earthquake that rocked Davao Occidental.

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URL: https://apnews.com/article/44580f05261fcbc049a187af470cde8c

TITLE: Strong quake kills 1, collapses building in Philippines

AUTHOR: AP News

DATE PUBLISHED: December 15, 2019

KEY INFO: A strong earthquake hits Davao, Philippines, causing a strain on a three-story building that collapsed. An event that showcases the weak structural integrity of building in the Philippines.

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Published 3:01 PM UTC, December 15, 2019

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Strong quake kills 1, collapses building in Philippines

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DAVAO, Philippines (AP) — A strong earthquake jolted the southern Philippines on Sunday, killing at least one person and causing a three-story building to collapse, setting off a search for people feared to have been trapped inside, officials said.

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5.) LOCAL OR NATIONAL NEWS VIDEO SEGMENT

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5.) LOCAL OR NATIONAL NEWS VIDEO SEGMENT

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URL: https://youtu.be/qgtr4qa7HgI?si=S-bMrjh9qvLSP_cu

TITLE: Condemned condominium building collapses after 3rd Mindanao quake

AUTHOR: ANC News

DATE PUBLISHED: Oct 31, 2019

KEY INFO: Cracks became visible inside the condominium after an earthquake occurred in Davao City, and the earthquake ultimately caused the condominium to collapse.

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Condemned condominium building collapses after 3rd Mindanao quake | The World Tonight

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Nine people were injured in Davao City after two floors of a condominium collapsed. To watch more ANC news videos, click the link below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list... To watch Game Time videos, click the link below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLm34qRgqWBU7TIpureAdQOLCxgxmJ1scu To watch Matters of Fact videos, click the link below: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLm34qRgqWBU48Hz-A9mrQL-Gmmjp7km0g Subscribe to ANC YouTube channel!

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URL: https://youtu.be/WR-Xcs8_myE?si=Rj-5j3a-8vUl8FUa

TITLE: Philippines Earthquake: 7.2 magnitude quake jolts southern region of Mindanao

AUTHOR: Oneindia News

DATE PUBLISHED: Nov 17, 2023

KEY INFO: An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.2 occurred in the southern part of the Philippines, leading to the falling of debris from the ceiling of a shopping mall in General Santos City and the collapse of a crane on a building under construction in Davao City.

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Philippines Earthquake: 7.2 magnitude quake jolts southern region of Mindanao | Oneindia News

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URL: https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/sustainable-development-goals/why-do-sustainable-development-goals-matter/goal-9

TITLE: Goal 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure

AUTHOR: UNEP - UN Environment Programme

DATE PUBLISHED: (n.d)

KEY INFO: The poster shows the challenges in the infrastructure that we have in our present society and showing solutions to solve these said problems completely grasping the essence of SDG9

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URL: https://youtube.com/shorts/bCVz6Tl15wc?si=3IoRBtV6Yc0ezTBe

TITLE: Sector Video: Infrastructure

AUTHOR: Board of Investments Philippines

DATE PUBLISHED: September 1, 2020

KEY INFO: BOI showcases the future of investment in the Philippines through infrastructures, showcasing a need for improvement and expansion within the country.

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With the Philippines' resilient economy, strategic trade location, increasing infrastructural projects via the Build Build Build program, and the support and...

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URL:

https://time.com/6336648/philippines-earthquake-aftershocks-tsunami-threat/

DATE PUBLISHED: December 3, 2023

AUTHOR: Time Magazine

KEY INFO: More than 6,500 houses and 500 other infrastructure sites, including schools and health facilities, were reported damaged. A total of 20,000 families were affected after a devastating earthquake hit the southern province of Mindanao.

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A powerful 6.8 magnitude undersea earthquake rocked the Philippines on Friday, Nov. 17, officials said. The quake occurred in the southern Mindanao region at 4:14 p.m. local time. Although initially logged as having a magnitude of 7.2, the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology ( PHIVOLCS) later downgraded the earthquake to 6.8, local news reported. There is currently no tsunami warning in effect.

When news of the earthquake first broke on Friday, it was logged that no injuries or casualties had been noted, yet reports of both have since emerged. At present, the official death toll remains unknown. The Office of Civil Defense told TIME in an email on Saturday that "information on the number of casualties is all subject to validation."

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRMMC) told TIME in a separate email that it had tallied a total of seven deaths so far, but is still verifying reports. The working group is currently investigating three reported deaths in General Santos City, South Cotabato, two in Glan, Sarangani, one in Jose Abad Santos, Davao Occidental, and another in Malapatan, Sarangani. TIME reached out to the relevant government authorities for further details.

Local police told TIME that three people have died in General Santos City. Corporal Christopher Laraño, of General Santos City Police Station 4, told TIME in a phone call at around 1 a.m. Saturday local time that his police station now "had two victims of the earthquake." He said a married couple-believed to be an 18-year-old female and a 26-year-old male-died when a wall fell on them.

Speaking from Police Station 6, Corporal Peter Paul Malangan told TIME that one person had been found dead in a mall in General Santos City at around 12:30 a.m. on Saturday, local time. Others were injured, Malangan said, but he could not provide an exact number during the phone call.

Sarangani's government confirmed three deaths in the province-two in Glan and one in Malapatan-in an official report posted to Facebook on Sunday. The government reported 61 people had been injured in Glan: 56 with minor injuries, four with serious wounds and one pregnant person, who was referred to another city for treatment. Four people were admitted to the hospital in Malapatan.

Authorities said more than 1,500 households were impacted, with houses damaged or livelihoods disrupted, across the province. Glan Municipal Hall suffered major damage and has been declared unsafe for occupancy.

Amid the fallout from the 6.8 magnitude earthquake, Glan police were reportedly dispatched to check on a landslide in a nearby village on Saturday. Sarangani's governor, Rogelio "Ruel" Pacquiao, shared an update on the government's Facebook page around midnight Friday. He said that local agencies were conducting ongoing assessment of the damage. "But we have not received any report of major damage to buildings and infrastructure, he said. "Landslide going to [the] Glan area has been cleared and the road is now passable. Power supply and telecommunications are stabilized." He urged the public to "stay vigilant" and "take precautionary measures."

On Saturday, the government of General Santos City, via its official Facebook page, said 541 individuals were brought to nearby hospitals. 509 people were treated as outpatients, while 32 were admitted. The announcement said that families of earthquake victims will be given financial assistance and hospital bills will be covered by the government.

In an earlier public post, the government shared an update from the city's mayor, Lorelie Geronimo-Pacquiao, about disruption to the schooling system. "Classes are suspended in both public and private institutions from elementary to tertiary level until further notice."

Earthquakes are common in the Philippines. The country lies on the "Ring of Fire," a belt of volcanoes circling the Pacific Ocean, prone to seismic activity.

Initial videos of the earthquake, shared by a local news outlet on Friday, showed people forced to evacuate from buildings and huddling on the floor of a shopping mall, amid thunderous shakes in General Santos City.

Further footage showed the quake causing signs and antennas on the top of a 17-story building to shake. The building's employees were safely evacuated, local media shared. The earthquake is also reported to have cracked and shut down the Old Buayan Bridge, which joins General Santos and Sarangani.

According to a local reporter, the airport in General Santos City sustained minor damage, including hairline cracks along columns in the building. They reported that no injuries had been logged among passengers or employees.

In the aftermath of the earthquake, the Philippine Red Cross shared via Facebook that it was "providing first aid and medical attention to students who collapsed."

The Philippines' Office of Civil Defense said in an email to TIME on Friday that the earthquake had resulted in power outages in General Santos, Lebak and Sultan Kudarat, in addition to damaged houses in Sarangani and an affected school. The office said it had sent emergency alerts and warnings to six areas. By 6:30 p.m. local time, power had been restored in some parts of General Santos City and the Province of Sarangani, the local government posted on its Facebook page.
With additional reporting from Chad de Guzman.

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Casualties Reported After 6.8 Magnitude Earthquake in Philippines

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The Office of Civil Defense told TIME that "information on the number of casualties is all subject to validation."

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URL: https://www.preventionweb.net/news/philippines-davao-citys-cdrrmo-continues-building-inspections-after-quake

TITLE: Philippines: Davao City’s CDRRMO continues building inspections after quake

AUTHOR: Joey Dalumpines

DATE PUBLISHED: October 31, 2019

KEY INFO: The City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (CDRRMO) continues to conduct inspection on public and private infrastructures to ensure their structural integrity aimed at ensuring the safety of their occupants following the strong quakes that rocked Mindanao last Monday and earlier today.

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By Joey Dalumpines

DAVAO CITY October 31, 2019 (PIA) - The City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (CDRRMO) continues to conduct inspection on public and private infrastructures to ensure their structural integrity aimed at ensuring the safety of their occupants following the strong quakes that rocked Mindanao last Monday and earlier today.

Rodrigo Bustilllo, operations head of the City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office told the AFP-PNP Press Corps said there are buildings that incur major cracks which government and private structural engineers have to assess thoroughly.

He said the focus now of the Regional Disaster Needs Analysis (RDANA) is basically on government buildings like schools and bridges.

"Schools are now used by students and teachers after the assessment that they are fit for use having no structural damage," Bustillo said.

He cited the need to deploy more structural engineers to determine the integrity of the buildings.

Bustillo said school officials must employ technical people to conduct the assessment.

He stressed that as a disaster official it is his call to guarantee the safety of the people.

Bustillo said that the abandonment of the Ecoland 4000 building is based on the observation about its structural failure which is concurred by the City Engineers' Office.

He warned that if the building management allows the use of the building despite the government's warning, it will be liable if the safety of the occupants is compromised.

"As of this moment, the CDRRMO maintains our standing to abandon the building up to such time that the management retrofits its structure," Bustillo pointed out.

He urged the people residing in the building to make use of their comprehension and discernment in assessing the situation of their building.

Bustillo also said that if government structural engineers would recommend that the Bolton Bridge serving southbound motorists need retrofitting, then the bridge has to be closed. (PIA XI-Joey Sem G. Dalumpines)

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Davao City's CDRRMO continues building inspections after quake - Philippines

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News and Press Release in English on Philippines about Disaster Management and Earthquake; published on 31 Oct 2019 by Govt. Philippines

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URL: https://youtu.be/mC8b0J0huMM?si=zPb-cS1SGzPRsr3S

TITLE: Why Do Walls Crack?

AUTHOR: Slater Young

(Youtube)

DATE PUBLISHED: OCTOBER 3, 2021

KEY INFO: Slater Young talks about how walls in different infrastructures crack due to poor workmanship and poor use of materials. This reflects the current issue of the lack of structural integrity in different infrastructures in the Philippines.

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URL: https://www.adb.org/news/infographics/philippines-improving-mindanaos-roads

TITLE: Philippines: Improving Mindanao's Roads

AUTHOR: Asian Development Bank

DATE PUBLISHED: January 22, 2018

KEY INFO: The infographic shows data from 2016 on the less developed road network in the country, revealing that the least developed road network was in Mindanao. To address this issue, the Asian Development Bank provides loans for the improvement of Mindanao's roads under the 'Build Build Build' Program.

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A new ADB loan is supporting the Philippine government to strengthen road networks and spur economic development in Mindanao, the country's second-largest island with more than 20 million people.

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URL: https://www.davaocity.gov.ph/infrastructure-development/ocbo-calls-for-developers-to-ensure-building-integrity/

TITLE: OCBO calls for developers to ensure building integrity

AUTHOR: City Government of Davao Administrator

DATE PUBLISHED: December 7, 2023

KEY INFO: The Office of the City Building Official (OCBO) advised building owners within the city of Davao to conduct thorough and prompt building assessments to ensure the integrity of establishments following the strong earthquakes and consequent aftershocks that occurred during the first week of December 2023.

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OCBO calls for developers to ensure building integrity - City Government of Davao

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With the recent earthquakes and consequent aftershocks, the Office of the City Building Official (OCBO) urged building owners in the city to ensure the integrity of their establishments through thorough and prompt building assessments. OCBO’s Officer-in-Charge, Arch. Khashayar L. Toghyani told the Madayaw Program over the city-owned Davao City Disaster Radio (DCDR) that with the […]

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14.) NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION OR ACADEMIC INSTITUTION ARTICLE

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14.) NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION OR ACADEMIC INSTITUTION ARTICLE

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URL: https://isprs-annals.copernicus.org/articles/X-3-W1-2022/9/2022/isprs-annals-X-3-W1-2022-9-2022.html

TITLE: ANALYSIS OF THE SUPER TYPHOON RAI-INDUCED INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE IN SEVERELY AFFECTED AREAS OF CARAGA REGION, PHILIPPINES USING SENTINEL-1 SAR IMAGERIES

AUTHOR: Bolanio, K. P., Bermoy, M. M., Gagula, A. C., Vernante, J. G., Boligor, A. M., and Cabañelez, J. M.

DATE PUBLISHED: October 27, 2022

KEY INFO: A recent event that devastated many parts of Mindanao and Visayas was super typhoon Odette with the international name “Rai.” It was estimated that damage to infrastructures equates to over P17.71 billion as of January 10, 2022, and that Caraga Region has suffered the most significant loss totalling more than P12.82 billion.

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| 27 Oct 2022

Keywords: Sentinel-1 SAR, Coherence Change Detection (CCD), Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), Damage Assessment, Typhoon Rai

Abstract. The Philippines is prone to typhoons because of how it is geographically located around the globe. A recent event that devastated many parts of Mindanao and Visayas was super typhoon Odette with the international name "Rai." It was estimated that damage to infrastructures equates to over P17.71 billion as of January 10, 2022, and that Caraga Region has suffered the most significant loss totalling more than P12.82 billion. Due to the large-scale incurred damages, the number of people who were affected and suffered heavy economic loss, it is necessary to find ways that would provide spatial information to help decision-makers, stakeholders, and emergency respondents to prioritize areas which need the utmost concern. Over the past years, damage assessment maps were derived from optical images, which are weather-dependent and free. However, appropriate satellite images are hard to come by, especially during typhoons where clouds are prominent. Sentinel-1 SAR imagery was used because of its unique characteristics. It is not weather-dependent, before and after images from the event are available, and it is an open-source data. Damage maps were generated by detecting the change in the complex coherence between pre-and co-typhoon stacked images. Results were validated using high-resolution satellite images from reliable sources, finding out that there is good correspondence between the coherence-based change images and ground data depicted from high-resolution satellite images. It is concluded that Sentinel-1 SAR imagery could capture the extent of damages and help provide timely and accurate geospatial information during catastrophic events.

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K. P. Bolanio, M. M. Bermoy, A. C. Gagula, J. G. Vernante, A. M. Boligor, and J. M. Cabañelez

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ISPRS-Annals - ANALYSIS OF THE SUPER TYPHOON RAI-INDUCED INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGE IN SEVERELY AFFECTED AREAS OF CARAGA REGION, PHILIPPINES USING SENTINEL-1 SAR IMAGERIES

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27 Oct 2022 Keywords: Sentinel-1 SAR, Coherence Change Detection (CCD), Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), Damage Assessment, Typhoon Rai Abstract. The Philippines is prone to typhoons because of how it is geographically located around the globe. A recent event that devastated many parts of Mindanao and Visayas was super typhoon Odette with the international name "Rai."

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URL: https://open.spotify.com/episode/3FWIrSGKZiewKAJNdUSB9Q?si=ec609104dcb54c4d

TITLE: S1E37 Disaster Problems with the Engineering Club

AUTHOR: Arvin Cudanin (Very Filipino Problems)

DATE PUBLISHED: May 16, 2022

KEY INFO: Disasters like earthquakes, floods, even ashfall affecting people due to bad infrastructure in vulnerable areas discussed in the podcast.

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S1E37 Disaster Problems with the Engineering Club

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Listen to this episode from Very Filipino Problems on Spotify. We are back with Clint and Chito in the episode and we talked about different disaster problems. What are the common struggles of Filipinos when there are disasters such as typhoon and floods?

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URL: https://youtu.be/pFfMiqN3L6c?si=acOFLrM96Nog6u7E

TITLE: Inside Look: Philippines' Growth Potential Amid

Infrastructure Challenges!

DATE PUBLISHED: January 9, 2024

KEY INFO: Despite its impressive economic growth, the Philippines faces significant infrastructure challenges that could hinder its long-term progress.

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Inside Look: Philippines' Growth Potential Amid Infrastructure Challenges!

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URL: https://m.facebook.com/PHLinNY/videos/kabayan-anong-latest-with-dpwh-secretary-roger-g-mercado/1011603979750684/

TITLE: BUILD BUILD BUILD! BRIDGING THE INFRASTRUCTURE GAP IN THE PHILIPPINES

AUTHOR: Philippine Consulate General in New York

DATE PUBLISHED: April 21, 2022

KEY POINTS: The webinar talks about the current achievements of the Build Build Build! program and informs us on what about to come along with this said program for our country to develop even further.

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Philippine Consulate General in New York

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KABAYAN, ANONG LATEST? WITH DPWH SECRETARY ROGER G. MERCADO | BUILD BUILD BUILD! BRIDGING THE INFRASTRUCTURE GAP IN THE PHILIPPINES | By Philippine Consulate General in New York | Facebook

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BUILD BUILD BUILD! BRIDGING THE INFRASTRUCTURE GAP IN THE PHILIPPINES

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URL: https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12308706.pdf

TITLE: Davao City Infrastructure Development Plan and Capacity Building Project

AUTHOR: Japan International Cooperation Agency

DATE PUBLISHED: June, 2018

KEY INFO: The Urban structure and Demographic framework of Davao City is the most important foundation of the development of infrastructure like public transport systems and sewage systems.

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URL: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/525971/adr-vol36no2-6-public-infrastructure-philippines.pdf

TITLE: Improving Public Infrastructure in the Philippines

AUTHOR: Takuji Komatsuzaki

DATE PUBLISHED: no date indicated

KEY INFO: The research paper showcases the different effects of improving public infrastructure in the Philippines to underscore the importance of improving public investment efficiency and revenue mobilization.

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URL: https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2022/07/28/2198407/editorial-earthquake-resilience

TITLE: EDITORIAL - Earthquake resilience

AUTHOR: The Philippine Star

DATE PUBLISHED: July 28, 2022

KEY INFO: The damage to public works infrastructure and buildings was placed at $369 million. Liquefaction swallowed up buildings and damaged roads. The study, conducted by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology together with the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority and Japan International Cooperation Agency, estimated massive damage to water distribution pipes, electric and telecommunication cables. This can be related to the Mindanaoan context, as Mindanao frequently experiences earthquakes. Additionally, it reflects the integrity of infrastructures in Mindanao, based on the recent earthquake where the ceilings of a mall collapsed.

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On July 16, 1990, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck Northern and Central Luzon including Metro Manila. The death toll was placed at 2,412, and the damage to public works infrastructure and buildings was placed at $369 million. Liquefaction swallowed up buildings and damaged roads.

The Hyatt Terraces Plaza in Baguio crumpled like an accordion. The quake struck at 4:26 p.m., when children were still in school and workers still in offices. In Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, near the epicenter of the quake, the six-story building housing the Christian College of the Philippines collapsed. Of the 250 students and teachers in the building, 154 did not survive.

Almost to the day 22 years later, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake rocked Northern Luzon yesterday, this time with Abra as the epicenter. As of late yesterday afternoon, the death toll stood at five. People must be building for earthquake resilience; damage to houses, offices and public works was far less than in the 1990 quake. Heritage houses in Vigan, Ilocos Sur and old churches, however, were damaged.

In the National Capital Region, no damage was reported. But the powerful earthquake revives warnings about the NCR being ripe for the "Big One" - a 7.2 magnitude quake from the 100-kilometer-long West Valley Fault. An earthquake impact reduction study released in 2015 warned that such a quake could leave 34,000 people dead within an hour of the quake, mostly from the collapse of 170,000 houses and damage to 10 percent of public buildings.

The study, conducted by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology together with the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority and Japan International Cooperation Agency, estimated massive damage to water distribution pipes, electric and telecommunication cables. Fires are expected to spread and the NCR will be cut off from supply lines. Further damage will be caused by thousands of aftershocks that can last for over a week.

Since the 1990 earthquake, measures have been undertaken nationwide to improve preparedness against the temblors as well as volcanic eruptions that regularly hit countries like the Philippines that sit along the Pacific Ring of Fire. But there is always room for further improvement. Phivolcs has not lacked in warnings. Science has not devised a way of predicting earthquakes, but heightened preparedness can minimize the death and destruction.

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On July 16, 1990, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck Northern and Central Luzon including Metro Manila.