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1543
He was a mathematician, and an astronomer
He created the idea that our universe is sun-centered. He went against the church with this discovery because it went against the Christian views of Heaven being above earth always.

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1605
He was a German mathematician and astronomer
He discovered that the Earth and planets travel about the sun in elliptical orbits.
He also discovered how long it took for planets to orbit the sun.

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1609
He was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer
Galileo Galilei created the telescope
he started with spy glasses, and then tinkered until he created the telescope

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1620
He was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England.
Francis Bacon discovered and popularized the scientific method, whereby the laws of science are discovered by gathering and analyzing data from experiments and observations, rather than by using logic-based arguments.

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1628
He was an English physician
He discovered the function of the heart and the circulation of blood
Harvey conducted countless experiments and observed the beating hearts of many animals, including dogs, eels, crows and even wasps. As an anatomist, he was able to dissect the bodies of hanged men.

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1665
He was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author
Issac Newton created the gravitational theory. That there was a pull making everything not float.

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1753
He was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician
He created the binomial system, which is the system we still use today to name our plants and animals with a genus name and then a specific name.