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TIME FRAME:
Classical literature refers to those texts written between the 5th century b.C., to 5th century a.C. in the Greek, Roman, and other ancient civilizations.
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Supernatural themes, like gods, mystical
creatures, and religion.
2. An attempt to give an answer to the origin of
human life.
3. The belief that the human being was made
up of body, soul, and mind.
4. People influenced by writers.
5. A new way of transmission of stories that
were mostly orally performed.
LITERARY WORKS AND AUTHORS:
- The lliad, by Homer.
- The Odyssey, by Homer.
- King Oedipus, by Sophocles.
- Medea, by Euripedes.

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TIME FRAME:
Medieval literature is defined as any work written between the 5th century and the 15th century a.C.
Two main stages:
- The High Middle Ages (V-XII):
The social life is mainly located in the countryside due to a
socioeconomic and cultural setback.
- The Late Middle Ages (XII-XV):
Resurgence of cities and trades. Feudalist crisis and beggining of capitalism.
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Theocentric view of the world.
2. Scholactism, seeks for faith and reason.
3. Hagiography.
4. Cultured poets.
LITERARY WORKS AND AUTHORS:
- The Divine Comedy, by Dante.
- The Canterbury Tales, by
Geoffrey Chaucer
- Travels, by Marco Polo.

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TIME FRAME:
The Renaissance is defined as a period of artistic, philosophical, and cultural rebirth of classical ideas and art forms. This movement started in Italy around the 1300s, and it spread throughout Europe over the next four centuries.
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Use of dramatic elements in art
2. Allegories often had multiple layers of
meaning.
3. In literature, the focus was mostly on
humanity's struggle to find deep meaning in
existence.
LITERARY WORKS AND AUTHORS:
- Hamlet, by William
Shakespeare.
- The Prince, by Niccolo
Machiavelli.
- Don Quijote de la Manca, by Miguel de
Cervantes.

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TIME FRAME:
It all originated in the 18th century, in France. This was the century in which knowledge and education were fundamental and important things, which also helped provoke this movement.
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Essays prevailed.
2. Creation of the encyclopedia.
3. Fables were developed.
4. Reason and knowledge.
LITERARY WORKS AND AUTHORS:
Paradise Lost, by John Milton.
The Rape of the Lock, by
Alexander Pope.
Tartuffe, by Molière.

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TIME FRAME:
This artistic movement started in the 18th century in England and Germany, and later, it started spreading to other countries in Europe and even America.
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Subjectivity.
2. Individualism.
3. Spontaneity.
4. Feelings and emotions.
5. Freedom from rules.

LITERARY WORKS AND AUTHORS:
- The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne.
- The Golden Pot and Other Tales, by E.T.A. Hoffmann.
- The Castle of Otranto, by Horace Walpole

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TIME FRAME:
Literary realism is an aesthetic movement that marked the break with Romanticism, both in ideological and formal aspects, in the second half of the 19th century.
Naturalism was a literary movement born in France, in the second half of the 19th century.
CHARACTERISTICS:
Realism:
1. Intends to show an exact reproduction of reality.
2. Since it opposes romanticism, it rejects sentimentality and aspires to reflect individual and social reality within the framework of historical development.
3. Careful descriptions.

Naturalism:
1. Belief that human existence is determined by supernatural forces that humanity can’t control.
2. Based on determinism.
3. Reproducing reality with complete impartiality.

LITERARY WORKS AND AUTHORS:
- The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger.
- Madame Bovary, by Gustave Flaubert.
- The Call of the Wild, by Jack London.

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TIME FRAME:
Modernism started at the end of the 19th century and at beginning of the 20th century.
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Rejected the idea of realism.
2. Explores the ideas of alienation.
3. Transformation.

LITERARY WORKS AND AUTHORS:
Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad.
In a Station of the Metro by Ezra Pound
The Figure in the Carpet by Henry James.

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TIME FRAME:
Contemporary literature encompasses works created from 1940 to the present. Due to the atrocities of the war, art had to redefine itself again.
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Realistic characters.
2. Experimentation.
3. Genre Fiction (Popular fiction: Science fiction, fantasy, crime, noir., horror etc) begin to get more attention.
4. Present new political and social ideas.

LITERARY WORKS AND AUTHORS:
- The Hunger Games Saga, by Suzanne Collins.
- Game of Thrones, by George R.R. Martin.