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The California Gold Rush happened when gold nuggets were discovered in Sacramento Valley, 1848.

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The discovery redirected the technologies of communication and transportation. Also, accelerated and expanded the reach of American and British Empires.

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Egyptian alchemist who was the first person in the world to find pure gold.

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Gold pans, picks and sholves were used to pan for surface gold. 

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A puddling tub was used to search for surface gold.

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Miners used a gold cradle to search for surface gold. 

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Miners could use a sluice at once to search for surface gold. 

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The work was hard, prices were high and living conditions were primitive. 

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More complicated methods for gathering gold were invented. The new methods included equipment for mining gold from the surrounding underground rock formations.

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The largest migrations in American History happened. It created a new metropolis of San Francisco. California hardly had any banks. Huge increase in population.

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North America's first transcontinental Railroad. Constructed between 1863 and 1869. It connected the US railroad network with the Pacific Coast.

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Opened up the American West to faster development, it made the economic export easier, it escalated conflicts between native American tribes and settlers. 

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It made travel more affordable, increased racial conflicts, installed national confidence, created the Victorian version of Amazon, etc.

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The election of Abraham Lincoln, the economy, the attack of fort Sumter, the disagreements over slavery and the states vs federal rights. 

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The Union wins the Civil War. It ended in April 1865. Formally ended in June 2, 1865.

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Some important figures for the Civil War are Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis and Andrew Johnson.

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From 1865 to 1877. The US was challenged with reintegrating into the Union the states that had seceded determined the legal status of African Americans. 

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Southern sympathizer and Democrat, Obstructed efforts of Reconstruction, Voted Civil Right Act of 1866, Impeachment (Johnson is forced to compromise). 

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First Black Representatives in Congress. 

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First Black Representatives in Congress. 

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Despite the state and local government limiting the voting abilities of Black people, the Black would still engage actively in voting and in political life. 

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Black People Engaging in Voting and in Political Life.

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Black People Engaging in Voting and in Political Life.

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Opposed Reconstruction politically, Terrorists of their time, Their objective was to eliminate civil rights progress for Black population. 

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Public education remained inferior for Black people. 

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Public Education: Inferior for the Black. 

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Public Education: Inferior for the Black. 

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Slaver and Planter Elite retained their power.

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Republican Party becomes Split, Corrupt bargain between White Democrats and Republicans

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Financial crisis that triggered an economic depression in Europe and North America that lasted from 1873 to 1877 

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The Compromise of 1877 was an informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election. 

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Chinese inmigrants in California first came in 1838 but a larger group came by the 1850's because of the Economical and Political trouble in China.

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They worked in the California Gold Rush and the Central Pacific Railroad. Also, in agricultural jobs, factory work. They suffered lots of discrimination.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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As threat to American Culture and Government, Inferior and undesirable population, survived campaigns of persecution and murder, worked in dangerous conditions.

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Summer of 1885, there were scattered threats against Chinese men. 28 Chinese were killed, 15 wounded and all houses in Rock Springs' Chinatown were burned. 

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Aimed to limit future immigration of Chinese workers to he United States and threatened to sour diplomatic relations between the U.S and China.

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James B. Angell negotiated a new treaty with China. The resulting treaty permitted the US to restrict but not to completely prohibit Chinese immigration.

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Tried to justify imperialism, racism, and conservative social and economic policies.

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Wanted to bring 'less fortunate' races some advantages of Europeans without harming their genes.

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Global Conflict of then unprecedented scale. pitting two Alliances, The Central Powers and the Allies against each other. End of four Empires.

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The US entered the conflict until 1917, but it played a crucial role in the Allies' victory and the rearrangement of the world order of the time.

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It was a period in American history of dramatic social, economic and political change. The nation's total wealth more than doubled between 1920 and 1929.

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A very important even that took place after the WWI was the creation of the League of Nations.

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In the aftermath of WWI, the Roaring Twenties had brought considerable wealth to the United States and Western Europe. 

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Such as Fascism and national-socialism, in Europe, as a reponse to the rise of communism in Russia.

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The largest, deadliest conflict in human history. It was between the Allies and the Axis against each other. Fought in Europe and in The Pacific.

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The US lead the efforts against Japan in Asia. 

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It ends with the victory of the Allies, The partition of Germany, the occupation of Major Axis and the end of the old world order.