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Offers real-time interactions, engagement, and feedback with the teacher and classmates. Apps such as Zoom or Google Meets provide platforms for teachers to facilitate synchronous learning.

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Rational:
Reading aloud books or sharing stories is a fun and effective way to keep students engaged in a distance learning environment. Teachers can group students in breakout rooms based on their abilities and work on the skills they need to practice.  For example, the teacher can select books to practice certain sight words and have the students read a page of the book to their small group.

Pros and Cons:
Reading picture books to younger students helps to develop a love of reading. Students can learn sight words as the teacher highlights words they read. The teacher can discuss the characters, setting, and the story's plot.
A disadvantage to reading books online would be the difficulty in knowing if students are paying attention. Another challenge would be to make sure students in other breakout rooms are staying focused.

Technology Tools/Multimedia:
Teachers can record themselves reading the book on Loom and then embed questions into the recording for older students to answer asynchronously. Reading the book under a document camera makes teacher prep in a synchronous environment easy.

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Rational:
Lim says gamification increases motivation and engagement, making learning more fun (Lim, 2021). Gamification reinforces concepts already learned and can easily be modified based on the student's abilities. Students can be grouped homogeneously based on their learning needs or work independently after completing other work.

Pros and Cons:
Gamification adds a social element to learning, which helps to build stronger connections between classmates.
Disadvantages to gamification can be that students get bored with playing the same types of games. Teachers need to mix up the games and challenges to prevent stagnation.

Technology Tools/Multimedia
Kahoot, Quizizz, and Prodigy are some common tools teachers use in in-person and distance learning environments. Assignments in Kahoot and Quizizz can be modified based on student needs. Students can log into Prodigy when they complete assignments.

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Rational:
According to Edutopia, flipping your classroom can lead to a deeper and more stimulating discussion (Minero, 2020). Teachers can record videos of new concepts being taught, place students in breakout rooms and listen to their discussions to clarify students' misconceptions. ELL students can watch the videos several times when they do not comprehend what is said. Gifted students can watch the videos and move on to the lesson independently if they fully understand it.

Pros and Cons:
An advantage to flipping a classroom is that it allows students to preview the lesson and formulate questions before it is taught.
A disadvantage to flipping a classroom is the time it takes to create and prepare the videos.

Technology Tools/Multimedia:
I would recommend using Loom and EdPuzzle for flipping a classroom. Loom allows you to create and store videos online, which makes it less likely to lose them to a computer crash. Since they are stored online, they can be shared and accessed easily on any device.  Uploading the video into EdPuzzle allows the teacher to embed questions that can be customized based on the learners' needs. The teacher can ask more scaffolding questions for struggling students while asking students who master the concepts more application questions.

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Rational:
Presentation software helps increase engagement by incorporating audio, videos, and images with meaningful content. Presentation software helps audio and visual learners access information better than text.

Pros and Cons:
Teachers can easily create presentations and customize them for different learners. Links can be added to visit other relevant websites.
Presentation software is not always interactive, so students just watch or listen to the content.

Technology Tools/Multimedia:
PowerPoint, Keynote, and Google Slides are common presentation software apps. However, they can be uploaded into a Nearpod presentation, making them interactive. Students can watch presentations and give instant feedback to questions asked by the teacher. Presentations can easily be modified for different learners such as gifted or ELL students. NearPod has a library of premade lessons that can be used or modified for any subject or learner. This makes it ideal for working synchronously in small groups or assigning asynchronously.

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Just like classroom norms are established on the first day of school, online classroom norms must also be established during the first day of class.

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Classroom norms are established the first day of school. The class must revisit and practice these norms regularly throughout the year.

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Whether teaching in a traditional classroom or in an online learning environment a key element to engage students is to make sure the curriculum connects with the students and is meaningful.

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In traditional classrooms, student-teacher interactions are face-to-face in real-time which allows for more personal connections. This builds trust and a sense of community in which students develop a sense of belonging.

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Asynchronous learning provides flexibility in terms of scheduling; however, students and teachers may not access the curriculum or assignments at the same time. Feedback must be quick and relevant by the teacher in order to keep students engaged.

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Rational:
According to Higley, online collaborative learning activities help train learners for the 21st-century workplace by teaching students how to share ideas, express opinions and manage time (Higley, 2018). Group activities allow students to become active learners and develop responsibility.

Pros and Cons:
Students develop social skills by communicating with other group members and are held accountable by making sure work is completed on time. Students increase their learning by working collaboratively, which helps to clarify learning objectives.
A disadvantage of working collaboratively is that all students do not put forth the same effort. Establishing effective collaborative groups may be difficult if the instructor does not practice and monitor behavior norms.

Technology Tools/Multimedia:
Students can use Google Suite apps such as Docs, Slides, or Sites to work on projects remotely. Students can work in synchronous or asynchronous environments. Students can work in heterogenous or homogenous groups depending on their abilities. Assignments can be modified for gifted, ELL, or even struggling students. This will allow students to grow and learn from any skill level.

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The end goal is the same; however, how students access the curriculum may differ. Teachers must be creative to keep students' attention focused and engaged while online.

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In an online learning environment, teachers need to develop connections with their students. According to Poll, et. al. building a sense of community encourages student investment, and engagement and increases motivation (Poll, et. al., 2014)  One way to develop community and build a sense of belonging is to check in with students regularly and often. This will show that you care and value their participation.