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Neurons, synapses, action potentials, and neurotransmission. (2006). Retrieved March 10, 2023, from https://mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/neurons_intro/neurons_intro.htm
YouTube. (2015, February 23). The nervous system, part 1: Crash course anatomy & physiology #8. YouTube. Retrieved March 9, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPix_X-9t7E

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Stufflebeam's article allowed me to further understand how the central nervous system processes information. I was able to learn how neurons, ions, and glial function. I had no idea there was so many of all those in the brain. As well as furthering my understanding of depolarization and repolarization.

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Ions function by moving across the membrane through channels that are opening and closing depending on the neurotransmitter(Stufflebeam, 2006). Ions are simply electrically charged particles (Stufflebeam, 2006).

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Electric signals in neurons are similar to electrons that move across a wire to to electronic devices (Stufflebeam, 2006). For the neuron this occurs when ions move across the neuronal membrane (Stufflebeam, 2006).

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This is when sodium sodium channels open up and the sodium ions rush in (Stufflebeam, 2006). During this time the membrane will become more positive inside than on the outside (Stufflebeam, 2006). After this occurs the channels will then close (Stufflebeam, 2006).

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When repolarization occurs, an outward movement occurs causing the channels to close and the membrane's potential to turn to normal (Stufflebeam, 2006).

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Sodium and Potassium are the two main ions that remain in resting potential (Stufflebeam, 2006).

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There are four main parts of the neuron (Stufflebeam, 2006). The first is the cell body which is the control center (Stufflebeam, 2006). Second, the dendrites this is the ingoing signal and third, the axon is the outgoing signal (Stufflebeam, 2006). The neuron may have thousands of dendrites but will always have 1 axon (Stufflebeam, 2006). The fourth part is the axon terminal which is where the neurotransmitters lie (Stufflebeam, 2006).

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Glial cells outnumber the number of neurons in the body. Their main function is to protect and surround the neurons (YouTube, 2015). Astrocytes, Microglial, Ependymal, Oligodendrocytes, Satellite, and Schwann are the types of glial cells (YouTube, 2015).

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Neurons respond to stimuli and transmit signals (YouTube, 2015). They are protected by the glial cells (YouTube, 2015). They process all the input and output information in the Central Nervous System (Stufflebeam, 2006). There are estimated 200 billion neurons in the brain alone, not including the neurons flowing all through the rest of the body (Stufflebeam, 2006).