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This term was coined by Pieter Camper in the early 1800s. The facial angle was made by forming two lines: one going from the nostril to the ear and another one from the jaw bone to the forehead. He thought of this angle to be a telling sign of one's intelligence. He measured people of different races and found that Europeans had the most "desirable" angle which perpetuated the racist idea that they were the most intelligent (based on zero scientific evidence).

Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniometry#:~:text=According%20to%20Morton's%20theory%20of,brain%20and%20decreased%20intellectual%20capacity.

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Samuel George Morton (1799- 1851) collected hundreds of human skulls from all over the world. He argued that you could tell someone's level of intellect based on how big their skull was. He argued that those with smaller skulls had smaller intellect and larger skulls equalled larger intellect. He claimed that each race had different skull formations.

Source:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniometry#:~:text=According%20to%20Morton's%20theory%20of,brain%20and%20decreased%20intellectual%20capacity.

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Phrenology is a pseudoscience that claims that personality, interests, character, and even criminal behavior is determined by bumps on someone's head and the shape and size of their skull. A large figure in Phrenology was Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1822), a german psychologist.

Source:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniometry#:~:text=According%20to%20Morton's%20theory%20of,brain%20and%20decreased%20intellectual%20capacity.

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The Pithemcometra Principle is the idea coined by T. H. Huxley (1825-1895) that man and ape are descended from a common ancestor. These findings were made by comparing a human skull to that of an ape. This goes hand-in-hand with Charles Darwin's evolution theory.

Source:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pithecometra_principle

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Stephen Jay Gould (1941-2002) called out Samuel Morton's "findings" of intelligence being correlated with race. He claims that Morton filled European skulls to perpetuate Morton's racist ideology

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The docent for this Padlet I chose is Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1822). He coined the term "radioscopy" which is the method of determining one's personality by the shape of one's skull. His ideas continued to inspire many people to do (mostly racist and unethical) research on the correlation between skull shape and mental capacity.

Source:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniometry#:~:text=According%20to%20Morton's%20theory%20of,brain%20and%20decreased%20intellectual%20capacity.