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The Emily Effect is proud to announce our first red carpet premier event! This is a fund-raising event that will take place on two separate nights: Wednesday February 8, 2023 for VIP ticket holders and Wednesday, February 15, 2023 for General Admission. Please join us for one of these special evenings as we continue the [...]

For the past five years, Emily's story has helped countless moms and families realize that they aren't alone in their mental health struggles. Our resolve to share her story has only increased with the passing of time. Now more than ever, moms everywhere need to feel validation and connection as they navigate their own motherhood journeys. We need your help to make sure EVERY mom can look at their own stories through new eyes by watching Emily's story!

Do you have a friend who recently gave birth and shows unusual changes in behavior? Perhaps you suspect she has Postpartum Depression (PPD), but you're not sure what the signs are. PPD is a common and disabling mental condition that can affect one in seven women, within a year of giving birth. This type of [...]

Executive director Megan Johnson with The Emily Effect and Founder of Stiry Dan Davis stopped by to tell us all about The Emily Effect Film. The Emily Effect mission is to provide resources to families and support for women suffering from perinatal mood disorders. In an effort to end the stigma and end the shame, they are producing real and raw stories of mothers and families who have faced these issues.

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The Emily Effect is proud to announce our first red carpet premier event! This is a fund-raising event that will take place on two separate nights: Wednesday February 8, 2023 for VIP ticket holders and Wednesday, February 15, 2023 for General Admission. Please join us for one of these special evenings as we continue the [...]

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The first few days and weeks after giving birth are a roller-coaster of emotions for any new mom. Taking care of yourself and having a good support network around you after having your baby are important steps in helping to prevent postpartum depression.

I remember when I had my baby, the number of friends, neighbors, and colleagues who told me about their own experiences with postpartum depression. Despite being a mental health nurse, I was really surprised at how many mom friends had been through this and I didn't even know.

As a new mom myself, I spent time searching for "how to prevent postpartum depression?"

What is postpartum depression?

Postpartum depression is a mental health condition that many women experience in the weeks and months after having a baby. It is more common than you might think. It affects around 10-15% of women within a year of giving birth.
Related: Postpartum Anxiety
Feeling sad and emotional after having a baby is common and is known as "baby blues". You might be tearful, feel low in mood or anxious. This is caused by the massive changes in hormones after giving birth and is very normal.

But if these feelings last longer than a couple of weeks, you might have postpartum depression.

Symptoms of postpartum depression

Postpartum depression can start anytime in the first year after having your baby. Unlike the baby blues, it doesn't just go away on it's own and can last a long time unless you get help.
Some of the symptoms of postpartum depression are:

Feelings of sadness and low mood

Crying a lot or for no reason

Not enjoying the things you usually enjoy - including your baby

Losing interest in family and friends

Changes to your appetite - eating too much or not enough

Changes to your sleep - feeling exhausted all the time or experiencing insomnia

Lack of energy

Feeling anxious or worried

Difficulty bonding with your baby

Having difficulties concentrating, remembering things or making decisions

Isolating yourself and not wanting to go out or have visitors

Not taking care of yourself - not washing or getting dressed

Feeling irritable, angry, having mood swings

Having thoughts to harm yourself or your baby

You may not experience all of these symptoms, or you might find they slowly develop over weeks and months. If you think you have developed postpartum depression, you must speak to your doctor as soon as possible.

If you have postpartum depression, it is important that you don't blame yourself. It can affect any woman after having a baby and it is certainly not your fault.

What are some postpartum depression risk factors?

There are some things that increase your risk of developing postpartum depression:

History of mental illness, such as depression or anxiety

History of mental health problems, depression or anxiety during your pregnancy

Family history of mental illness or postpartum depression

A difficult or traumatic birth

A baby with special needs, premature birth or medical complications

A baby who cries more than normal, is difficult to settle or unpredictable

Being a first-time mom, a young mom or an older mom

Not having a good support network of friends and family to help you

Partner working away a lot or being unable to support you and your baby

Being isolated or living a long distance from family and friends

Financial difficulties or relationship problems

Stressful situations in your life, such as bereavement or moving house

(If you have recently lost a loved one, and you are working through the 7 stages of grief, it would not be unrealistic to think that you are at high risk for postpartum depression!)

Don't forget, any mom can develop postpartum depression, even if there are no risk factors. Even if you do have risk factors, it does not mean you will develop postpartum depression.

It just means you may be more vulnerable to becoming unwell if you do not have the resources to help support you.

Is it possible to prevent postpartum depression?

Postpartum depression is not caused by any one factor, so it is difficult to say exactly how to prevent yourself from becoming unwell. Unlike the baby blues, postpartum depression is not caused only by hormonal changes in your post-baby body.

Other risk factors play a huge role in how likely you are to become unwell and how you could prevent postpartum depression.
Related: All you need to know about Postpartum Sex
There have been several studies looking into how to prevent postpartum depression, but there is no clear evidence of specific prevention strategies that will help.

For most new moms, taking care of yourself as much as you can is essential.

For moms who have a history of mental health problems, speaking to your doctor is the best first step.

Dads can suffer from postpartum depression too

It is easy to focus on new moms in the postpartum period, but don't forget about dad. It is estimated that up to 25% of dads become depressed during their partner's pregnancy or in the first year after their baby is born.

Scarily, this figure can increase to 50% if mom has perinatal or postpartum depression, meaning a huge impact on the new family's wellbeing during that difficult first year.

Some of the risk factors for paternal depression are:

Difficulty bonding with the new baby

Feeling excluded or jealous over their partner's new role as a mom

Lack of a good male role model

Financial or work stress - feeling the strain of providing for his new family

Changes in the relationship with his partner

Symptoms may be slightly different between mom and dad. Fathers might become more irritable, show no interest in the new baby, start drinking alcohol or using drugs, or spend less time at home.

How to prevent postpartum depression?

There are many ways you can increase your chances of staying healthy and happy throughout the postpartum period. If you don't have any specific risk factors, or if you are able to manage those risk factors, a healthy lifestyle can improve your mood and possibly prevent postpartum depression.

Physical health

Diet

It is so important that you take care of your physical health after you have a baby. Whether you are breastfeeding or not, your body has gone through a huge transition and needs to recover fully.
Related: How to Speed up Postpartum Healing
Eating a well-balanced diet, with plenty of fresh fruit, vegetables, carbohydrates and protein is essential for your recovery. In fact, serotonin - the "feel good" hormone - can be increased by the amino acid tryptophan.

Eating plenty of good quality proteins that contain tryptophan, such as salmon, eggs, nuts and turkey, can help improve your mood.

If you don't have the time or energy to cook a healthy meal every night, try using a crockpot. You can just throw everything in it in the morning and have a delicious, home-cooked meal in the evening.

Or batch-cook and freeze meals when you do have the time.

Drink plenty of water and stay hydrated. This is especially important if you are breastfeeding, but everyone should drink lots of water for good health.

Rest

I know this might be easier said than done with a baby in the home, but getting enough rest is vital to staying physically and mentally well.

People who have chronic insomnia - like most new moms - are more vulnerable to becoming mentally unwell. If you are never getting adequate rest, you are at much higher risk of developing postpartum depression.

If your baby is waking up frequently during the night, try to time your sleep so you sleep when he does. Many babies sleep for their longest stretch between 7 pm and midnight. Try going to bed when your baby does and at least get 4-5 hours undisturbed sleep.

I was always told to nap when my baby naps. I found this to be rubbish advice! My baby only napped for 30 minutes at a time, and I needed to clean, shower or eat during that time. But I tried to find a time each day when I could catch up on my rest, even if I didn't sleep.

Exercise

This might not be top of your priority list after giving birth, but even a gentle walk is great for improving your mood.

Studies have shown that mild to moderate exercise 4-5 times a week can improve, and even prevent, depression and anxiety. You need to make sure whatever exercise you choose is suitable for your stage of recovery. Don't push yourself too hard too soon after giving birth.

If you are in the first 12 weeks postpartum, aim to go for a walk each day with your baby, get some fresh air and start to move your body again.

If you gave birth over 12 weeks ago, and your doctor has given you the OK to exercise, find a suitable exercise you enjoy and do it a couple of times a week. Maybe go swimming, do yoga or increase the distance you walk each day. Just getting out and moving can help prevent postpartum depression and improve your mood.

Surround yourself with support

"It takes a village to raise a child", yet we are increasingly doing it alone in our society. So many moms are finding themselves raising their babies with little or no support from family and friends.

For those of us lucky enough to have a partner, sharing the responsibility of childcare can help reduce feelings of depression, but for single moms or moms whose partners work away, finding your tribe is essential.

Connect with family and friends if you can. Tell them how you are feeling, what support you need and how they can help you. Having a baby is a 24/7 job and you need to ask for, and accept help when it is offered. Ask someone to babysit while you catch up on an hours sleep or go to the supermarket so you can cook a healthy meal.
Related: Postpartum Care Kit
Talk to other moms who have been there too. Join local baby groups, re-connect with friends or spend time with your partner. Sharing stories about your babies will take the pressure of you to be the perfect mom - she doesn't exist by the way!

Going out for a coffee or a walk with girlfriends will help you feel part of society again after weeks of being stuck inside with a newborn baby.

If you are struggling to breastfeed, this can lead to feelings of low mood and depression. Make sure you get the support you need if you want to continue breastfeeding but are finding it difficult.

You can speak to a lactation consultant about improving latch, positions and helping to make breastfeeding easier and more comfortable to you and your baby.

Self care

Self care isn't selfish. If you don't take care of yourself, how will you be able to take care of your baby? A mom who is exhausted, frustrated and burnt-out will struggle to be a supportive, loving and kind mom.

You need to allow yourself the time and space to recharge and look after yourself, and then you can be the best mom to your child.

Self care isn't about getting pampered or spoiling yourself. It is about looking after your needs every day. It's about being able to de-stress in the evening, do something for yourself and not spending all your time and energy looking after everyone else.

Identify 5 things that you love to do, that make you feel calm and relaxed, and that you can realistically do regularly. You might enjoy having a long soak in the bath, reading a book, going for a walk or painting. It doesn't need to cost any money and it doesn't need to take you away from your family for hours.

Self care means allowing yourself to be just as important as everyone else in your family and treating yourself the same way you would treat others - not neglecting yourself or putting yourself last all the time.

What can you do to prevent postpartum depression if you have risk factors?

If you can identify with one or more of the risk factors listed above, you may want to take proactive steps to reducing your risk of developing postpartum depression.

If you have had previous mental health problems, you should speak to your doctor about preventing postpartum depression. During your pregnancy, you can be closely monitored and in the postpartum period, your mental health team can be more involved in your care.

Your healthcare provider might come up with a plan for you to prevent you from becoming unwell, such as attending support groups or counseling.

You should be alert for any symptoms of depression or anxiety and seek help sooner rather than later. Don't put off speaking to your doctor about your symptoms. It is easier to treat postpartum depression if it is diagnosed early and you will be able to enjoy life with your new baby.

Take care of yourself and prevent postpartum depression

The first year after the birth of your baby can be stressful, exhausting and scary. But it is also an amazing experience caring for your new baby and watching him grow.

Whether you are a first-time mom or have a large family already, postpartum depression can affect any woman after giving birth. Follow these tips to take care of yourself and help to prevent postpartum depression.
This post is from Catherine at Laid Back Mama Catherine is a blogger, writer and registered mental health nurse. She is now a stay-at-home mum living in Kent, England with her 18month-old son. Her blog explores parenting, lifestyle, and wellbeing. She is passionate about improving the health and wellbeing of those she works with. Catherine loves to share her experiences and advice on how to keep positive and relaxed about parenting, reduce stress and enjoy the journey into motherhood.
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The first few days and weeks after giving birth are a roller-coaster of emotions for any new mom. Taking care of yourself and having a good support network around you after having your baby are important steps in helping to prevent postpartum depression.

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May is Maternal Mental Health month. This month is meant to help raise awareness for maternal mental health while lifting the shame and stigma associated with these disorders.

There's an unrealistic illusion that motherhood is a glowy, sparkly, precious cloud of bliss and light. Between movies and social media, new mothers are led to envision new motherhood as peaceful, beautiful, and picture-perfect-with lots of flowers, light streaming through the windows, and picture-perfect homes. They see mothers with dewy skin, glowing cheeks, perfect hair, and faces of angelic peace, bliss, and happiness and believe that's the norm.

But it's not.

Between sleepless nights, regular feedings, constant diaper changes, and fluctuating hormones-all piled on normal daily responsibilities-new motherhood is tough. It's emotional, it's stressful, and it's messy.

And that's normal. And it's okay.

The destructive illusion of motherhood puts undue pressure and stress on mothers from all walks of life. But even more harmful is that this illusion creates a stigma that prevents mothers from seeking help when they need it most.

In 2017, there were over 500,000 diagnosed cases of postpartum depression. However, 66% of postpartum depression is never diagnosed. According to some reports, this likely puts the number closer to 900,000 cases per year in the U.S. However, although postpartum depression is highly treatable (with an 80%+ success rate in treatment), only 50% or fewer moms will actually seek medical treatment. One of the primary barriers to seeking help is stigma.

Below, we've shared statistics about postpartum depression in hopes of raising awareness for maternal health and to help lift the shame and stigma of postpartum depression.

How Common is Postpartum Depression?

12.8% of U.S. moms reported experiencing postpartum depression in 2018.

That's 1 in 8 moms.

But that doesn't take into account undiagnosed PPD, which is estimated to put the number closer to 20% of moms, or 1 in 5. It also doesn't include PPOCD or postpartum psychosis.

Which could mean as many as 790,000 U.S. women suffer from a perinatal mood or anxiety disorder in the U.S. each year.

However, this number is only for live births and doesn't take into account women who have miscarried or had a stillbirth. Taking this into consideration, the number is likely closer to 900,000 women annually in the U.S.

66% of PPD cases go undiagnosed. It is the most under-diagnosed obstetrical complication in the United States.

Arkansas has the highest rate of postpartum depression with 22.3% of moms reporting experiencing PPD symptoms in 2018.

Utah has among the highest rates of postpartum depression, with as many as 15.3% of moms reporting experiencing PPD symptoms.

What are the Risk Factors for Postpartum Depression?

Only 54% of women experiencing PPD have been diagnosed with depression previously, either earlier in pregnancy or earlier in lifetime.

Moms who have already experienced PPD have a 50% chance of experiencing it again in future pregnancies.

Young moms (19 or younger) are 47% more likely to suffer from postpartum depression than moms over 25.

Married moms are 65% less likely to experience PPD than moms with an unmarried relationship status.

Moms suffering from physical abuse are 71% more likely to suffer from postpartum depression.

8% of mothers with preterm childbirths will suffer from postpartum depression.

Pregnancy intention also affects postpartum depression, with more mothers who are "unsure" about pregnancy more likely to experience PPD than those who decidedly were or were not intending to get pregnant.

Other risk factors include:

Partner relationship stress

Traumatic or emotional stress during pregnancy

Financial stress during pregnancy

Tobacco use during pregnancy

Delivery of low birthweight infant

Not breastfeeding, or discontinuing breastfeeding before 6 months

Postpartum Depression Treatment Statistics

On average, only 50% of US moms seek treatmentfor postpartum depression

Postpartum depression is most often treated with a combination of medication and counseling.

The most common barriers to treatment are:

The overall success rate for treating postpartum depression is over 80%

When Postpartum Depression is Not Treated

Suicide is the#2 cause of mortality for postpartum women, with 20% of deaths caused by suicide.

20% of moms still experience symptoms 1 year after childbirth.

Children exposed to maternal depression are at higher risk of

Delayed cognitive and language development

Mental health problems

Suboptimal physical growth

Interpersonal, neuroendocrine, and behavioral problems

Utah Mother Postpartum Depression Statistics

Utah mothers are more likely to suffer from postpartum depression, and less likely to seek help:

8% of Utah moms were diagnosed with postpartum depression in 2017.

That's 3% higher than the national average.

There were about 51,500 births in Utah last year, which means there were at least 8137 Utah mothersin 2017 alone who began suffering from postpartum depression.

This is likely because Utah moms are often:

Younger

Have existing demands of raising other kids in the household

Face cultural pressure

60% of Utah moms do not seek medical helpfor their postpartum depression (compared to 50% U.S. average).
This is also likely due to cultural pressure and stigma, but can also be exacerbated by the need for childcare during treatments or opposing treatments

Sources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Depression Among Women." https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/depression/index.htm. December, 2017.

Gentile S., Suicidal Mothers. J Inj Violence Res. 2011 Jul; 3(2): 90-97.

Public Health Indicator Based Information System (IBIS).Maternal and Infant Health Program, Division of Family Health and Preparedness, Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, UT. "Heath Indicator Report of Postpartum Depression." Sep, 2016.

National Institute of Mental Heatlh. "Postpartum Depression Facts." NIH Publication No. 13-8000. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/postpartum-depression-facts/index.shtml

Ertel K., Rich-Edwards J., Koenen K., Maternal Depression in the United States: Nationally Representative Rates and Risks. J Womens Health. Larchmt. 2011 Nov; 20(11): 1609-1617

Postpartum Depression.org. "Postpartum Depression Statistics. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/postpartum-depression-facts/index.shtml, 2017.

Katherine Stone, Postpartum Progress. "How Many Women Get Postpartum Depression? The Statistics on PPD." http://www.postpartumprogress.com/how-many-women-get-postpartum-depression-the-statistics-on-ppd. October 2010.

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Statistics About Postpartum Depression | Serenity Recovery & Wellness

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May is Maternal Mental Health month. This month is meant to help raise awareness for maternal mental health while lifting the shame and stigma associated with these disorders. There's an unrealistic illusion that motherhood is a glowy, sparkly, precious cloud of bliss and light.

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The Recovery Village Drug and Alcohol Rehab

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Postpartum depression is commonly misunderstood. Stigma and misconceptions may cause some mothers to avoid seeking treatment. Learn the facts behind the disorder.

There are many common misconceptions about postpartum depression, which leads to misunderstandings and confusion. Postpartum depression is different from general depression and is attributed to a sudden drop in estrogen and progesterone levels, a lack of sleep and other difficulties related to having a baby.

Myths about postpartum depression may be related to specific symptoms, its prevalence or its treatment. Myths can generate stigma, making women less likely to seek help or treatment. It is important to distinguish between postpartum depression myths and facts to increase understanding and awareness so that individuals will not be ashamed to seek treatment.

1. Myth: Postpartum depression always occurs in the first few months following childbirth.
FACT: Postpartum depression can occur at any point during the first year after a baby is born.
Postpartum depression onset can vary from woman to woman but commonly occurs three to four months after the baby is born. Some emotional mood fluctuations are normal in the first few weeks after a baby is born but they are fleeting and resolve themselves within a few weeks. If the moods are severe, long-lasting or worsening after several weeks, it may be indicative of postpartum depression.

Postpartum depression is ongoing, extreme and may not develop for many months after the baby is born. However, postpartum depression commonly develops in the first few months after the baby is born. Some symptoms of postpartum depression do not arise until six or nine months after the birth of a baby. Late-onset postpartum depression can occur as late as one year after a baby is born.

2. Myth: PPD only affects women.
FACT: Postpartum depression can also impact new fathers.
Postpartum depression in men, or paternal postnatal depression, is uncommon but it can occur. Fathers may feel neglected when a new baby arrives and can feel left out of the attachment process. Fathers may be sensitive to changes in their relationship with their partner and may experience new financial or work stressors. Fathers can even experience hormonal changes, such as a drop in testosterone.

Fathers' postpartum depression most commonly occurs in the three to six months after a baby is born. Fathers are at an elevated risk for depression if his partner also suffers from postpartum depression. Fathers may feel sad, tired, anxious and overwhelmed, which are similar to the symptoms that women with postpartum depression experience.

3. Myth: Women with postpartum depression harm their babies.
FACT: Women with postpartum depression do not harm their babies.
Postpartum depression is often linked to the idea that women will harm or kill their babies, which is a common misconception. Postpartum depression and thoughts of harming a baby do not occur together. A woman is more likely to harm herself than her baby if the depression becomes so intense that she begins to experience suicidal thoughts.

Postpartum depression is often confused with postpartum psychosis, which is a serious disorder where mothers experience psychosis and lose touch with reality, causing them to inflict harm on their infants. Postpartum psychosis is extremely rare and does not occur often. An individual with postpartum psychosis may experience confusion, disorientation or delusions.

4. Myth: Women with PPD cry all the time.
FACT: Not all women with postpartum depression cry all the time.
Postpartum depression symptoms can vary from mother to mother. Some women will cry outwardly, while others hold their feelings inside. Some women are often tearful, but others may become numb, irritable or angry. Irritability and anger may turn into rage or impatience, making it challenging to cope with the stressors attributed to raising a new baby. Some women experience significant levels of anxiety and worry that they will harm their baby.

Other women can experience mood fluctuations that interfere with their ability to establish secure attachment and bonding with their infant. Other women may lose their appetite, experience disrupted sleep patterns, have trouble concentrating or experience a lack of confidence and low self-esteem.

5. Myth: Postpartum depression means a mother doesn't love her baby.
FACT: Postpartum depression is not at all linked to how much a mother loves her baby.
Postpartum depression does not mean that a mother does not love her baby. Postpartum depression is linked with chemical imbalances, hormonal fluctuations and other psychological and environmental factors. Depression during this time has nothing to do with the mother's lack of love for her baby. However, postpartum depression and the mother bonding with a baby can be impacted, as mood instability and fluctuations may prevent bonding and attachment.

6. Myth: PPD will go away on its own.
FACT: Postpartum depression will not go away on its own.
Postpartum depression does not go away on its own and should be treated by a mental health practitioner. Postpartum depression is extremely treatable and responds well to psychotherapy and medication interventions. It is detrimental for women to allow symptoms and feelings to continue with the hopes that they will eventually go away.

A person should seek postpartum depression treatment when symptoms are intensifying, when it impacts daily functioning and when it includes thoughts of harm to the person or to the baby. Treatment and recovery can vary based on the severity of the depression and when it is treated. Postpartum depression can be treated with psychotherapy, which teaches individuals how to better cope with feelings and new challenges. Medication, such as antidepressants may also be recommended in conjunction with therapy.

If you or a loved one live with a substance use disorder and are thinking about becoming pregnant, contact The Recovery Village to speak with a representative about how addiction treatment can help the pregnancy be as healthy as possible.

Editor - Thomas Christiansen

With over a decade of content experience, Tom produces and edits research articles, news and blog posts produced for Advanced Recovery Systems. Read more

Medically Reviewed By - Tracy Smith, LPC, NCC, ACS

Tracy Smith is a Licensed Professional Counselor, a Nationally Certified Counselor, an Approved Clinical Supervisor, and a mental health freelance and ghostwriter. Read more

The Recovery Village aims to improve the quality of life for people struggling with substance use or mental health disorder with fact-based content about the nature of behavioral health conditions, treatment options and their related outcomes. We publish material that is researched, cited, edited and reviewed by licensed medical professionals. The information we provide is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It should not be used in place of the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare providers.

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6 Common Misconceptions (And The Truth) About Pospartum Depression

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There are many common misconceptions about postpartum depression, which leads to misunderstandings and confusion. Postpartum depression is different from general depression and is attributed to a sudden drop in estrogen and progesterone levels, a lack of sleep and other difficulties related to having a baby.

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Psychology Today: Prof. Felicity Brock Kelcourse, West 42nd Street, Indianapolis, IN

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Mind the Gap is a collective impact initiative to address America's silent health crisis: untreated and unaddressed perinatal mental health disorders. Through policy, practice, and partnerships, we are advancing the first national, Strategic Roadmap to ensure perinatal mental health is a priority.

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Postpartum Support International is dedicated to helping families suffering from postpartum depression, anxiety, and distress.

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Postpartum Depression: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

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Postpartum depression is a type of depression that happens after giving birth. It causes extreme sadness and despair. It’s treatable with medicine and therapy.

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Your body and mind go through many changes during and after pregnancy. If you feel sad, anxious, or overwhelmed or feel like you don't love or care for your baby and these feelings last longer than 2 weeks during or after pregnancy, you may have postpartum depression. Treatment for depression, such as therapy or medicine, works and can help you and your baby be as healthy as possible in the future.

What is postpartum depression?

"Postpartum" means the time after having a baby. Some women get the "baby blues," or feel sad, worried, or tired within a few days of giving birth. For many women, the baby blues go away in a few days. If these feelings don't go away or you feel sad, hopeless, or anxious for longer than 2 weeks, you may have postpartum depression. Feeling hopeless after childbirth is not a regular or expected part of being a mother.

Postpartum depression is a serious mental health condition that involves the brain and affects your behavior and physical health. If you have depression, then sad and hopeless feelings don't go away and can interfere with your day-to-day life. You might not feel connected to your baby, as if you are not the baby's mother, or you might not love or care for the baby. These feelings can be mild to severe.

Mothers can also experience anxiety disorders during or after pregnancy.

How common is postpartum depression?

Depression is a common problem after pregnancy. One in 8 new mothers report experiencing symptoms of postpartum depression in the year after childbirth.

How do I know if I have postpartum depression?

Some normal changes after pregnancy can cause symptoms similar to those of depression. Many mothers feel overwhelmed when a new baby comes home. But if you have any of the following symptoms of depression for more than 2 weeks, call your doctor, nurse, or midwife:

Feeling angry or moody

Feeling sad or hopeless

Feeling guilty, shameful, or worthless

Eating more or less than usual

Sleeping more or less than usual

Unusual crying or sadness

Loss of interest, joy, or pleasure in thing you used to enjoy

Withdrawing from friends and family

Possible thoughts of harming the baby or yourself

Some women don't tell anyone about their symptoms. New mothers may feel embarrassed, ashamed, or guilty about feeling depressed when they are supposed to be happy. They may also worry they will be seen as bad mothers. Any woman can become depressed during pregnancy or after having a baby. It doesn't mean you are a bad mom. You don't have to suffer. There is help. Your doctor can help you figure out whether your symptoms are caused by depression or something else.

What causes postpartum depression?

The exact cause of PPD is not known and many different factors are likely to contribute to someone developing PPD. Hormonal changes may trigger symptoms of postpartum depression. When you are pregnant, levels of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone are the highest they'll ever be. In the first 24 hours after childbirth, hormone levels quickly drop back to normal, pre-pregnancy levels. Researchers think this sudden change in hormone levels may lead to depression. This is similar to hormone changes before a woman's period but involves much more extreme swings in hormone levels.

Levels of thyroid hormones may also drop after giving birth. The thyroid is a small gland in the neck that helps regulate how your body uses and stores energy from food. Low levels of thyroid hormones can cause symptoms of depression. A simple blood test can tell whether this condition is causing your symptoms. If so, your doctor can prescribe thyroid medicine.

Are some women more at risk of postpartum depression?

Yes. You may be more at risk of postpartum depression if you:

Had depression before or during pregnancy

Have a family history of depression

Experienced abuse or adversity as a child

Had a difficult or traumatic birth

Had problems with a previous pregnancy or birth

Have little or no support from family, friends, or partners

If you are now or have experienced domestic violence

Have relationship struggles, money problems, or experience other stressful life events

Are under the age of 20

Have a hard time breastfeeding

Have a baby that was born prematurely and/or has special health care needs

Had an unplanned pregnancy

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that doctors look for and ask about symptoms of depression during and after pregnancy, regardless of a woman's risk of depression.

What is the difference between "baby blues" and postpartum depression?

Many women have the baby blues in the days after childbirth. If you have the baby blues, you may:

Have mood swings

Feel sad, anxious, or overwhelmed

Have crying spells

Lose your appetite

Have trouble sleeping

The baby blues usually go away within a few days. The symptoms of postpartum depression last longer, are more severe, and may require treatment by a health care professional. Postpartum depression usually begins within the first month after birth.

What should I do if I have symptoms of postpartum depression?

Call your doctor, nurse, midwife, or pediatrician if:

Your baby blues symptoms don't go away after 2 weeks or are very intense

Symptoms of depression begin within 1 year of delivery and last more than 2 weeks

It is difficult to work or get things done at home

You cannot care for yourself or your baby (e.g., eating, sleeping, bathing)

You have thoughts about hurting yourself or your baby

Ask your partner or a loved one to call for you if necessary. Your doctor, nurse, or midwife can ask you questions to test for depression. They can also refer you to a mental health professional for help and treatment.

What can I do at home to feel better while seeing a doctor for postpartum depression?

Here are some ways to begin feeling better or getting more rest, in addition to talking to a health care professional:

Rest as much as you can. Sleep when the baby is sleeping.

Don't try to do too much or to do everything by yourself. Ask your partner, family, and friends for help.

Make time to go out, visit friends, or spend time alone with your partner.

Talk about your feelings with your partner, supportive family members, and friends.

Talk with other mothers so that you can learn from their experiences.

Join a support group. Ask your doctor or nurse about groups in your area.

Don't make any major life changes right after giving birth. More major life changes in addition to a new baby can cause unneeded stress. Sometimes big changes can't be avoided. When that happens, try to arrange support and help in your new situation ahead of time.

It can also help to have a partner, a friend, or another caregiver who can help take care of the baby while you are depressed. If you are feeling depressed during pregnancy or after having a baby, don't suffer alone. Tell a loved one and call your doctor right away.

How is postpartum depression treated?

Working with a health care professional is a good way to create a plan that will work for you. Here are some ways to get help-they can be used alone or together:

Therapy: Counseling or therapy sessions with a mental health professional can help you understand and cope with your emotions and challenges.

Support groups: Joining a support group of others experiencing PPD can provide comfort and understanding.

Self-care: Taking care of yourself is important. Do your best to get enough rest, eat food with a lot of nutrients like fresh produce and whole grains, be physically active, and ask for help when needed.

Social support: Reach out to family, friends, or other people you trust who can offer advice or support.

Medication: In some cases, medicine may be prescribed to help manage symptoms. The most common type is antidepressants. Antidepressants can help relieve symptoms of depression and some can be taken while you're breastfeeding. Antidepressants may take several weeks to start working.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also approved a medicine called brexanolone to treat postpartum depression in adult women. Brexanolone is given by a doctor or nurse through an IV for 2½ days (60 hours). Because of the risk of side effects, this medicine can only be given in a clinic or office while you are under the care of a doctor or nurse. Brexanolone may not be safe to take while pregnant or breastfeeding. Zuranolone, the first oral medication approved to treat postpartum depression may be another option.

These treatments can be used alone or together. Talk with your doctor or nurse about the benefits and risks of taking medicine to treat depression when you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Having depression can affect your baby. Getting treatment is important for you and your baby. Getting help is a sign of strength.

What can happen if postpartum depression is not treated?

Untreated postpartum depression can affect your ability to parent. You may:

Not have enough energy

Have trouble focusing on the baby's needs and your own needs

Feel moody

Not be able to care for your baby

Have a higher risk of attempting suicide

Feeling bad about yourself can make depression worse. It is important to reach out for help if you feel depressed.

Researchers believe postpartum depression in a mother can affect the healthy development of her child which can cause:

Delays in language development and problems learning

Problems with mother-child bonding

Behavior problems

More crying or agitation

Shorter height and higher risk of obesity in pre-schoolers

Problems dealing with stress and adjusting to school and other social situations

Did we answer your question about postpartum depression?

The resources below can help you learn more about PPD and can guide you in finding additional help.

Call or text the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988 for free access to a trained crisis counselor who can provide you with support and connect you with additional help and resources. If you're deaf or hard of hearing, use your preferred relay service or dial 711 then 988.

Call or text the National Maternal Mental Health Hotline at 1-833-TLC-MAMA (1-833-852-6262) for 24/7 free access to professional counselors. If you're deaf or hard of hearing, use your preferred relay service or dial 711 then 1-833-852-6262.

Call or text "Help" to the Postpartum Support International helpline at 1-800-944-4773 for PPD information, resources, and support groups for women, partners, and supporters.

Local resources can be identified in many ways:

Ask a health care professional or find a local health center.

Reach out to local organizations like social service agencies, family resource centers, libraries, community centers, or places of worship.

Look for support groups in your area, such as new moms' groups, breastfeeding support groups, or a baby café. See if there are mother/baby exercise programs in your community.

Sources

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Reproductive Health. (2020). Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). Washington, DC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/prams/prams-data/mch-indicators/states/pdf/2020/All-Sites-PRAMS-MCH-Indicators-508.pdf. Accessed on June 5th, 2023.

2. Schiller, C.E., Meltzer-Brody, S., Rubinow, D.R. (2014). The Role of Reproductive Hormones in Postpartum Depression. CNS Spectrums; 20(1): 48-59.

3. Sit, D.K., Wisner, K.L. (2009). The Identification of Postpartum Depression. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology; 52(3): 456-468.

4. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2016). Depression in Adults: Screening .

5. Alhusen, J.L., Alvarez, C. (2016). Perinatal depression. The Nurse Practitioner; 41(5): 50-55.

6. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2019). FDA approves first treatment for post-partum depression.

7. Stein, A., Perason, R.M., Goodman, S.H., Rapa, E., Rahman, A., McCallum, M., et al. (2014). Effects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and child. Lancet; 384(9956): 1800-1819.

8. Surkan, P.J., Ettinger, A.K., Hock, R.S., Ahmed, S., Strobino, D.M., Minkovitz, C.S. (2014). Early maternal depressive symptoms and child growth trajectories: a longitudinal analysis of a nationally representative US birth cohort . BMC Pediatrics; 14: 185.

9. Benton, P.M., Skouteris, H., Hayden, M. (2015). Does maternal psychopathology increase the risk of pre-schooler obesity? A systematic review . Appetite; 87(1): 259-282.

10. Korhonen, M., Luoma, I., Salmelin, R., Tamminen, T. (2014). Maternal depressive symptoms: Associations with adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems and social competence. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry; 68(5): 323-332.

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Your body and mind go through many changes during and after pregnancy. If you feel sad, anxious, or overwhelmed or feel like you don't love or care for your baby and these feelings last longer than 2 weeks during or after pregnancy, you may have postpartum depression.

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You can take steps to cope with and navigate depression. Small changes to your daily routine, diet, and lifestyle habits can all positively affect you.

Depression can drain your energy, leaving you feeling empty and fatigued. This can make it difficult to muster the strength or desire to get treatment. Small lifestyle changes may help you manage these feelings.

If a person feels sustained, intense feelings of sadness or loss of interest in activities, they may have clinical depression. People also refer to this condition as major depressive disorder.

But there are small steps you can take to help you gain more agency in your life and improve your sense of well-being.

Read on to learn how to incorporate these strategies in a way that makes sense for you.

Depression affects millions of people, including some in your life. You may not realize they face similar challenges, emotions, and obstacles.

Being open, accepting, and loving toward yourself and what you're going through may help you navigate depression.

Every day with this disorder is different. It's important to take your mental health seriously and accept that where you are right now isn't where you'll always be.

On days when you feel you can't get out of bed, exercise may seem like the last thing you'd want to do. But exercise and physical activity can help reduce symptoms of depression and improve energy levels.

suggests that, for some people, exercise can be as effective as medication at relieving depression symptoms. It may also help future depressive episodes.

Even when you feel you're unable to or have little energy, see if you'd be willing to do the opposite of what your mood tells you to do. Instead, set a small goal for yourself, such as walking around the block.

Internal emotions and thoughts can change from day to day. Tracking experiences through journaling or keeping a mood diary can help you to remember this.

If you were unsuccessful at getting out of bed or accomplishing goals today, remember that you haven't lost tomorrow's opportunity to try again.

Give yourself the grace to accept that while some days will be difficult, others will also be less difficult. Try to look forward to tomorrow's fresh start.

Depression can tinge recollections with difficult emotions. You may find yourself focusing on things that are unhelpful or perceived as difficult.

Try to stop this overgeneralization. Push yourself to recognize the good. If it helps, write down what was meaningful about the event or day. You can track what you achieved that day and which activities were enjoyable.

Seeing the weight you're giving to one thing may help you direct your thoughts away from the whole and to the individual pieces that were helpful.

Instead of compiling a long list of tasks, consider setting small goals. Setting and accomplishing these goals can provide a sense of control and accomplishment and help with motivation.

Attainable goals may include:

Don't clean the house; take the trash out.

Don't do all the laundry that's piled up; sort the piles for later.

Don't clear out your entire email inbox; just address any time-sensitive messages.

When you've done a small thing, set your eyes on another small thing, and then another. This way, you have a list of tangible achievements and not an untouched to-do list.

All goals are worthy of recognition, and all successes are worthy of celebration. When you achieve a goal, do your best to recognize it.

You may not feel like celebrating with a cake and confetti, but recognizing your own successes can be a powerful tool for depression's negative weight.

The memory of a job well done may be especially powerful against unhelpful self-talk and overgeneralization.

If depressive symptoms disrupt your daily routine, a gentle schedule may help you feel in control. These plans don't have to map out an entire day.

Focus on creating a loose but structured routine to help you keep your daily pace.

Depression can push you to give in to your fatigue. It may feel more powerful than preferred emotions.

Try to push back and do something you love - something that's pleasurable or meaningful. It could be playing an instrument, painting, hiking, or biking.

Engaging in meaningful activities lifts your mood or energy, which can further motivate you to continue to engage in activities that help with navigating symptoms.

shows music can improve your mood and symptoms of depression. It may also strengthen your reception of positive emotions.

Music can be especially beneficial when performed in group settings, such as a musical ensemble or band.

You can also reap some of the same rewards simply by listening.

Time in nature can have a powerful influence on a person's mood. suggests that walks in nature may improve depressive symptoms in people with clinical depression.

Time in natural spaces may improve mood and cognition and lower the risk of mental health disorders. But there's only limited research on the direct effect of nature on those with clinical depression.

Consider taking a walk at lunch among the trees or spending time in your local park. Or plan a weekend hike. These activities can help you reconnect with nature and soak in some rays at the same time.

Depression can tempt you to isolate yourself and withdraw from people you love and trust, but face-to-face time can help wash away those tendencies.

If you're unable to spend time together in person, phone calls or video chats can also be helpful.

Try to remind yourself these people care about you. Resist the temptation to feel like you're a burden. You need the interaction - and they likely do too.

Consider writing or journaling about what you're experiencing. Then, when the feelings lift, write about that too. suggests that keeping a journal can be a beneficial add-on method for managing mental health conditions.

Writing down your thoughts can help you express what you're feeling more clearly. It can also help you keep track of your symptoms daily and identify their causes.

You can make a goal to write for a few minutes each day or week. Most importantly, what you want to write about is completely up to you.

When you do the same thing day after day, you use the same parts of your brain.

Doing new things can feel rewarding and may improve your overall well-being and strengthen your social relationships.

To reap these benefits, consider trying a new sport, creative class, or cooking technique.

You can knock out a few birds with one stone - spending time with other people and doing something new - by volunteering and giving your time to someone or something else.

You may be used to receiving help from friends, but reaching out and providing help may actually improve your mental health more.

Bonus: People who volunteer experience physical benefits too. This includes a lowered risk of hypertension and improved sleep.

When you do something you love, or even when you find a new activity you enjoy, you may be able to benefit your mental health more by taking time to be thankful for it.

Practicing gratitude can have lasting positive effects on your overall mental health.

What's more, writing down your gratitude - including in notes to others - can be particularly meaningful.

Stress and anxiety can prolong your depression symptoms. Finding relaxation techniques can help you lower stress and invite more joy and balance into your day.

suggests that mindfulness activities may help you improve your sense of well-being and feel more connected to what's happening around you. These activities can include:

There's no magic diet that will treat depression. But what you put into your body can have a real and significant effect on the way you feel.

Some people also feel better and have more energy when they avoid sugar, preservatives, and processed foods.

If you have the means, consider meeting with a doctor or registered dietitian for guidance.

Eating a diet rich in lean meats, vegetables, and grains may be a great place to start. Try to limit stimulants such as , coffee, and soda and depressants such as .

Substances such as or can contribute to perpetuating feelings of sadness.

On the other hand, people who live with addiction may experience symptoms of depression.

You may want to consider limiting or avoiding the use of alcohol and other substances to help your depressive symptoms.

Sleep disturbances are common with depression. You may not sleep well, or you may sleep too much. Both can make depression symptoms worse.

Aim for 8 hours of sleep per night. Try to get into a healthy sleeping routine.

Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day can help you with your daily schedule. Getting the proper amount of sleep may also help you feel more balanced and energized throughout your day.

Suppressing and compartmentalizing your feelings may seem like a strategic way to cope with the difficult symptoms of depression. But this technique is ultimately unhealthy and ineffective.

If you're having a down day, acknowledge it. Notice and name your emotions and try to bring your attention to engaging in activities that are helpful instead of focusing on the emotions.

Seeing the ebb and flow of depressive symptoms can be instructive for both self-healing and hope.

You may also find it helpful to speak with a professional about what you're going through. A general practitioner may be able to refer you to a therapist or other specialist.

They can assess your symptoms and help develop a clinical treatment plan tailored to your needs. This may include various options, such as medication and therapy.

Finding the right treatment for you may take some time, so be open with a doctor or healthcare professional about what is and isn't working. They'll work with you to find the best option.

What is the fastest way to stop depression?

For some people, the fastest way to reduce symptoms of depression may be to use prescribed medication. The type and dosage of medication may vary from person to person. Other methods that may help include talking with a mental health professional. You may also help reduce symptoms by taking a walk in nature or doing a calming activity.

What are the ways to overcome depression?

You may be able to relieve depression symptoms through therapy and some lifestyle changes, such as practicing mindfulness, getting regular exercise, and eating nutritious meals. In some cases, you may need medication to help.

What are 3 ways to help treat depression?

Treatment for depression can involve therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, lifestyle changes such as practicing meditation and limiting alcohol and drugs, and in some cases, taking medication.

What is the best method to treat depression?

The best method for treating depression can vary depending on your needs and the severity of your symptoms. It can involve therapy, medication, and other practices that help you accept your own challenges and emotions.

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Small steps, like taking out the trash, may help you feel more in control. Here's how to incorporate them in a way that works for you.