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First Colonies from Europe. Started in Virginia and they cleared trees and made settlements. First examples of environmental damage in america. With help from the Natives, settlers cultivated the land.

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1681 - English Colony Restricts Deforestation

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1681 - English Colony Restricts Deforestation

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William Penn, the leader of the then English Colony Pennsylvania, made a law which saved a certain amount of forest from colonization. This was to make sure there was still enough forest available for the colony to grow on.

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1700s - Benjamin Franklin Leads Actions Against Waste Dumping

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1700s - Benjamin Franklin Leads Actions Against Waste Dumping

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In the 1700s, Benjamin Franklin led campaigns against the dumping of waste. This was an important development because prior to this, human waste would be dumped on the street, making it inhabitable to other animals sharing the environment.

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1760 - Beginning of Industrial Revolution

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1760 - Beginning of Industrial Revolution

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The Industrial Revolution led to the widespread use of coal and fossil fuels. This caused the increase in carbon emissions into the environment.

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Land Ordinance of 1785. Distributed land between the Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi River. Gave more of the environment to the people and therefore caused more environmental damage.

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First known windmill created and put to use. This creation represents a new age of renewable sustainable energy. Greatly helps the environmental protection cause.

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1872 - Creation of Yellowstone National Park

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1872 - Creation of Yellowstone National Park

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The federal government in Wyoming created the first national park in the US: Yellowstone. This was done in order to preserve the geysers, hot springs, and animals that lived here for future generations. National parks are made in order to preserve the disappearing wilderness.

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1890 - Creation of Yosemite National Park

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1890 - Creation of Yosemite National Park

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Similarly to the creation of Yellowstone, the federal government of California decided to create this national park in order to preserve the wilderness for future generations. Along with Yosemite, Sequoia, Rock Creek, and Kings Canyon national parks were also created in 1890, leading to many other parks created throughout the 1900s.

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1890 - American frontier declared officially gone

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1890 - American frontier declared officially gone

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The 1890 US Census Bureau report declared that the American frontier had disappeared, which shocked Americans who, at the time of consistently expanding west across America, had considered the land inexhaustible.

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1905 - creation of the US Forest Service

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1905 - creation of the US Forest Service

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Congress, with the support of president Roosevelt, created the US Forest Service in order to sustain the forests across America.

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In 1911, the United States, among others, passed a law protecting Fur Seals. This was of the first major environmental laws protecting species that would be endangered today.

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Henry Ford’s Model T became the first mass produced automobile in 1913, which led to much of the population owning  cars (if they were able). This was significant because there were much more CO2 emissions than in previous years.

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1916 - Creation of the National Park Service

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1916 - Creation of the National Park Service

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The National Park Service administers America's national parks, monument, historic sites, and more. It's creation was recommended by Secretary of the Interior Richard Ballinger in 1910 because nationals parks were badly mismanaged

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Passed in 1935, the Soil Conservation Act was created in order to provide protection against things such as soil erosion. This was caused because of the Dust Bowl that started in 1932, caused by over-cultivation, droughts, and strong winds. the Dust Bowl caused crop failures and large dust storms across Washington and the Great Plains.

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Silent Spring by Rachel Carson pointed out the dangers of pesticides and other things to the environment and later inspired an environmental movement in the US.

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1969 - National Environmental Policy Act

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1969 - National Environmental Policy Act

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The NEPA was one of the first laws ever passed in America to protect the environment and was created in order to make sure federal agencies undergo a review process in order to carefully consider the effects on the environment of their decisions. This act also created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in order to administer and enforce things such as the Clean Air Act (1970), the Clean Water Act (1972), and the Endangered Species Act (1973).

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The Santa Barbara Oil spill was the largest oil spill in the US at the time. Santa Barbara Oil Spill was a wake up call to the US and the world that simply rationing natural resources isn’t enough. Huge event against environmental protection.

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The first celebration of Earth Day in America inspired ~20 mil Americans to demonstrate against the impacts of industrial development. Many colleges and universities across the US organized protests on this day.

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The Clean Air Act (CAA) was created with the intention to regulate sources of air emissions such as those from industrial and automobile sources.

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The Clean Water Act (CWA) was passed in 1972 as an amendment to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1948) in response to the growing problem of water pollution.

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The Endangered Species Act was created in 1973 in order to protect many different plants, animals, and their habitats that are threatened with extinction.

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1980 - The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

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1980 - The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

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The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) was passed in 1980 in order to address the cleaning up of and containment of pollutants in accidents, spills, and other situations. Under this act, the EPA can track down those who were responsible for the pollution and require their participation in the effort to clean up as well as recover funds from those involved.

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The Exxon oil spill occurred in the Prince William Sound, Alaska. Exxon Valzez, and oil supertanker owned by Exxon hit the reef and spilled 10.8 gallons of crude oil into the ocean over a few days, making it the second largest oil spill to date (1st being the 2010 Deepwater Horizon). This prompted the Oil Pollution Act the next year.

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The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) was created in response to the Exxon Valdez oil spill the year prior and enforced the removal of spilled oil and assigned liability for the cost of cleanup and damages. It also helps in preventing oil spills by mandating oil companies to only operate double hull tankers.

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Passed in 1990, the Pollution Prevention Act aimed to reduce the amount of pollution entering the environment in a multitude of areas by making changes in the production, operation, and use of materials.

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The start of the first Earth Summit. It was held in Rio De Janeiro and was sponsored by the UN. All the world leaders met and discussed treaties and the status of the environment. It was another step forward for the environmental protection movement.

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First hybrid cars created. This reduced emission from cars and also reduced fossil fuel use. Its a great achievement for environmental protection and also later leads to the electric car.

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2002 - The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

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2002 - The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

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The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act allows the EPA to set a maximum on how much pesticide residue can be left on food, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics.

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2007 - The Energy Independence and Security Act

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2007 - The Energy Independence and Security Act

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Originally named the Clean Energy Act, the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) was created in order to expand the use of renewable energy sources and reduce the US's dependency on oil.

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map showing where the oil spill occurred

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Also referred to as the "BP oil spill", the Deepwater Horizon oil spill began in the Gulf of Mexico and is considered to be the largest oil spill of all time, discharging 4.9 MMbbl (210,000,000 gallons) of oil over 5 months, after multiple failed attempts to contain the flow. This is now regarded as one of the largest environmental disasters in world history and caused a large response in order to protect beaches, wetlands, and estuaries from the spreading oil and caused extensive damage to marine and wildlife habitats as well as fishing and tourism industries.

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Paris Agreement goes into effect. It was an international accord meant to combat climate change. Set goals for emissions and change for the world. Trump withdrew the US from the accords at the time.

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Greta Thunberg creates a new generation of activism. Leads the environmentalism charge despite being a teen. Brings about a new age of activism, protests, and change.

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2022 to current day - Russian Ukraine War

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2022 to current day - Russian Ukraine War

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The Russian invasion of Ukraine has many major impacts on the environment. After fighting, often times there are fires still burning from explosions. These fires burn down forests in Ukraine, contributing to the warming global climate.

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CEQ launches Global Net-Zero Government Initiative. 18 countries join the US to cut out emissions from government operations.

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From this timeline, I learned that overtime we only start to care about the environmental problems when it is too late and even though many various acts were passed to prevent the issue from worsening, it doesn’t help much because we end up repeating mistakes.

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I learned from everyone’s post that protection acts and laws weren’t created till recently although environmental harm and damage have been happening since the 1600’s.

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Something that I noticed with many of the events is that they are there to prevent further damage to the environment, generally after something bad has happened. Some examples of this is the Oil Pollution Act which was made after the Exxon Oil spill, creation of national parks after Americans realized that their wildlife was disappearing, and creating the Endangered Species Act after causing lots of harm to many animals’ habitats.

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As a group, we noticed that actions to protect the environment only after a disaster occurred. We also noticed that environmentalism and the idea of protecting the environment has been going on since the 1600s even though it wasn’t known as environmentalism at the time.