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1. Territorial disputes in the South China Sea involve conflicting island and maritime claims in the region by several sovereign states, namely Brunei, the People's Republic of China (PRC), Taiwan(Republic of China/ROC), Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Vietnam.

2. Singapore was the coordinator for the Asian-China dialouge relations

3. Maintain peace and prevent the dispute from getting violent.

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Case 3: Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement

What international challenges were countries trying to address?

the countries were trying to address the loss of wildlife in parts of the ocean that lie outside national boundaries

What role did Singapore play in addressing these challenges?

The agreement was presided over by Mrs Rena Lee, who is Singapore’s Ambassador for Oceans and Law of the Sea Issues and Special Envoy of the Minister for Foreign Affairs.

Ambassador Lee’s leadership and guidance enabled parties to bridge differences and arrive at an ambitious and future-proof BBNJ Agreement.

What were Singapore’s interests in this issue?

Singapore was interested in helping to preserve the biodiversity of the oceans that are considered international waters.

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1. They signed a joint statement, agreeing to security guarantees for North Korea, new peaceful relations, the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, recovery of soldiers' remains, and follow-up negotiations between high-level officials.
2. Singapore helped to conduct the Trump and Kim Jung-un meetings positive start in Sentosa.
3. To hail a positive start after the set backs that happened the previous year when the two leaders had a conflict between each other and even threatened each other with missiles.

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1. signed a joint statement, agreeing to security guarantees for North Korea, new peaceful relations, the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula
2. Host meeting
3. Good relationship, prevent further conflict

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The countries were trying to address the access to and use of marine genetic resources; the adoption of conservation and sustainable use measures and the conduct of environmental impact assessments in the maritime areas beyond national jurisdiction; and capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology.

Singapore’s Ambassador for Oceans and Law of the Sea Issues and Special Envoy of the Minister for Foreign Affairs successfully concluded negotiations on a new international agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction.

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Challenge:
> protect against loss of marine wildlife

Role:
> singapore agreed to a text on the first international treaty to protect the high seas

Interest:
> want to protect the sea and its wildlife as Singapore is surrounded by it

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1. To denuclearise North Korea through sanctions and diplomatic engagements. Nuclear crisis.
2. Singapore hosted the summit
3. The summit was hailed as a positive start to a complicated negotiating process, as well as a remarkable turnaround from the previous year, when the two leaders had traded insults and threats as Pyongyang conducted a series of ballistic missile tests.

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1. what international challenges were countries trying to address?
-protection of the high seas
-preventing loss in marine life

2.what role did singapore play in addressing these challenges?
-enforced the first international treaty to protect the high seas
-conservation methods

3. what were singapore’s interests in these issues?
-a need to conserve marine life around singapore as we are completely surrounded by sea

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1. to protect against the loss of marine wildlife, and the high sea, and to address the adoption of conservation.

2. SG enforced the first international treaty to protect the high seas and adopted conservation methods and put in place preventative measures

3. it would benefit SG because our country is surrounded by sea. Hence, SG wants to ensure that our seas would be protected and there would be less loss of wildlife

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Singapore hosted the summit between then US President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, which aims to facilitate a peaceful resolution. This is a challenge as in the previous year the meeting resulted in a fight between the two leaders. However, this summit held in Singapore actually resulted in a joint statement agreeing to peace and denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula, which is a good sign

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1. what international challenges were they trying to address?

the North Korean nuclear crisis

The summit aimed to facilitate a peaceful resolution to the North Korean nuclear crisis, and it resulted in a joint statement outlining the commitment to peace and denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula

1. what role did singapore play?

Singapore has supported the international community’s efforts to denuclearise North Korea through sanctions and diplomatic engagement.

1. what were singapore's interests in this issue?

to hail a positive start to a complicated negotiating process, as well as a remarkable turnaround from the previous year, when the two leaders had traded insults and threats as Pyongyang conducted a series of ballistic missile tests.

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1. to facilitate a peaceful resolution to the North Korean nuclear crisis, resulting in a joint statement outlining the commitment to peace and denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula
2. In June 2018, the island hosted a historic summit between then US President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, to denuclearise North Korea through sanctions and diplomatic engagement
3. the summit was a positive start to a complicated negotiating process, as well as a remarkable turnaround from the previous year, when the two leaders had traded insults and threats as Pyongyang conducted a series of ballistic missile tests

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1. challenges include:
- conserving biodiversity
- sustaining the use of biodiversity
- sharing benefits arising from the use of genetic resources fairly and equitable
2. roles include:
- covering access to and using marine genetic resources
- adopting of conservation and sustainably used measures
- conducting of environmental impact assessments in the maritime areas beyond national jurisdiction
- building capacity and transferring of marine technology
3. protecting and preserving the sea and marine life around singapore

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1. countries were trying to address the use of marine genetic resources, the adoption of conservation and sustainable use measures and the conduct of environmental impact assessments in the maritime areas beyond natural jurisdiction
2. singapore played the role of accepting reaffirms the importance and relevance of UNCLOS and multilateral cooperation, and the United Nations in establishing and upholding a rules-based international order.
3. singapore is interested in helping out with this treaty as we are surrounded by sea and want to play a part in conserving the issue

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1)-first international treaty to protect the high seas and aims to protect 30 per cent of the planet’s oceans and lands by 2030.
-The treaty will provide a legal framework to establish marine protected areas – to protect against the loss of wildlife,
2) -The agreement was presided over by Mrs Rena Lee, who is Singapore’s Ambassador for Oceans and Law of the Sea Issues and Special Envoy of the Minister for Foreign Affairs.
3) -Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement

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China and several ASEAN countries who all claimed sovereignty over the South China Sea. It is because that territory is filled with a lot of oil and natural gas.

Singapore played a role as the country coordinator for Asean-China dialogue relations. Singapore facilitated the negotiations on code of conduct to manage the dispute.

Singapore does not have any interest in the issue, their only aim is to prevent the dispute from going violent.

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1. China claims almost all of the South China Sea, and it was contested by a handful of countries, Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam. The countries have wrangled over territory for decades but tension has steadily increased in recent years. The South China Sea is rich of minerals and therefore China wants to claim the whole sea.

2. China relied on Singapore to keep the ASEAN nations calm and collected.

3. Singapore remains neutral and uninvolved in the direct matters.

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What are the challenges the countries were trying to address
-protect the high seas
-they also aim to protect 30 per cent of the planet’s oceans and lands by 2030.
-it is to protect against the loss of wildlife
What role did SG play
-enforced the first international treaty to protect the high seas
-adopt conservation methods and put in place preventative measures.
What were Singapore’s interests in this issue
-it would benefit us positively as we are surrounded by seas
- we want to conserve the seas and protect wildlife animals

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-It is an international agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction.
-Singapore’s Ambassador for Oceans and Law of the Sea Issues and Special Envoy of the Minister for Foreign Affairs, successfully concluded negotiations on a new international agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction.

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1. The two countries had a summit to come into agreement to have a peaceful relationship after the North Korea Nuclear Crisis and to denuclearise the Korean Peninsula and have security guarantees for North Korea.
2. Singapore was responsible for hosting the meeting between the two leaders as it had a good relationship with both countries
3. To make sure the relationship between the two countries would be positive after complicated setbacks

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What international challenges were countries trying to address?
- They were trying to solve the issue of nuclear weapons

What role did Singapore play in addressing these challenges?
- Singapore was the main area where both leaders communicated with each other.
- North Korean Chairman Kim Jong-un and U.S President Donald Trump both had separate meetings with Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong.

What were Singapore’s interests in the issue?
- to hail a positive start

Singapore also served as a hosting area for many worldwide issues as well, which allowed Singapore to be one of the top choices for the hosting

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north korea - united states singapore summit

1. the three countries were trying to facilitate a peaceful resolution to the north korean nuclear crisis, and it resulted in a joint statement outlining the commitment to peace and denuclearisation of the korean peninsula

2. singapore supported the international community’s efforts to denuclearise north korea through sanctions and diplomatic engagement; singapore was involved in the complicated negotiating process at the start of the summit

3. singapore held the summit was held at the sentosa hotel, capella hotel

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1.The countries around the South China Sea were trying to control the sea around them as it is rich in fish and oil and natural gas is a lotttt.
2.Singapore played a neutral role by not being on anybody side and using the code of conduct
3.Singapore had 0% interest in getting part of the South China Sea

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Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement

1. What international challenges were countries trying to address?

- Provide a legal framework to establish marine protected areas. It is to enforce the 30x30 pledge, which aims to protect 30 per cent of the plant’s oceans and lands by 2030. For example, parts of the ocean that lie outside national boundaries

2. What role did Singapore play in addressing these challenges?

- Mrs Rena Lee, Singapore’s Ambassador for Oceans and Law of the Sea Issues and Special Envoy of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, presided the agreement.

3. What were Singapore’s interest in this issue (Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement)

- Since Singapore is surrounded by the sea, it benefits us. It ensures that our sea would be protected and there would be less loss of wildlife

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1. singapore was trying to address the territorial disputes of the south china sea as china claimed sovereignty over almost
the entire south china sea which caused some asean members such as brunei, malaysia, philippines and vietnam to be antagonised and make competing claims

2. singapore facilitated negotiations on a code of conduct (COC) to manage tensions in the disputed waters.

3.from 2015 to 2018, Singapore was the country coordinator for Asean-China dialogue relations but we did not have an interest in the issue, only to prevent violent disputes between the country and maintain good relations with the other countries.

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1)Ensure that the United States will not attack North Korea with conventional or nuclear weapons.
2) Converting  the 1953 Korean Armistice Agreement into a peace treaty on the Korean Peninsula.
3)Establishing official diplomatic ties between North Korea and the United States.
These are the challenges and solutions taken to address these challenges during the North Korea-united states Singapore summit

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Countries were trying to address the territorial disputes in South China Sea. China claimed sovereignty over almost the entire South China Sea, this angered other ASEAN countries which have made competing claims. During that time, Singapore facilitated negotiations on a code of conduct to manage tensions in the disputed waters, which prevent overlapping territorial claims from erupting into violent confrontations. Singapore had an interest in the outcome of the disputes since they have implications for international law, freedom of navigation and ASEAN unity.

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North Korea US Summit held in Singapore.
Significant outcomes of this summit:
A joint statement was signed, agreeing to security guarantees for North Korea, New peaceful relations, the denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula as well as recovery of soldiers’ remains to achieve greater peace and security in the region.
Singapore hosted the meeting of the leaders of The United States Of America and North Korea.
Singapore was not involved in this meeting but PM Lee met with the Leaders separately.

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1. They were trying to address territory claims. Some ASEAN counties such as Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam as well as China were having some conflicts about their share of territories in the South China Sea as They each wanted a share of it.
2. Singapore played a role in facilitating the code of conduct, preventing the overlapping territorial claims to result in violent confrontations. Hence, Singapore’s role is to maintain pomace between these countries.
3. Singapore is very near these ASEAN countries that were fighting to get their fair share in the South China Sea, hence if any violent confrontations happened, Singapore will also be affected.

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1. Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
2. North Korea - United States Singapore Summit
3. Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Agreement

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TERRITORIAL DISPUTES IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

1)International challenges

China has claimed sovereignty over almost
the entire South China Sea — including its
estimated 11 billion barrels of untapped oil and
190 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. The move
antagonised Asean members, such as Brunei,
Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam, which have also made competing claims. This has affected ties between china and ASEAN countries.

2) Singapore’s Role
From 2015 to 2018, Singapore was the country coordinator for Asean-China dialogue relations. During that time, it played a leading role in addressing territorial disputes in the South China Sea, which involves China and several Asean countries.

During its time as coordinator, Singapore facilitated negotiations on a code of conduct (COC) to manage tensions in the disputed waters. The COC is meant to prevent the overlapping territorial claims in the South China Sea from erupting into violent confrontations.

3) Singapore’s interest
Singapore wanted to prevent country ties between china and ASEAN from being broken as it would affect the supply of food, and products from being exported to ASEAN.

Singapore also wanted to ensure the both china and asean countries would come to an agreement between reclamation of the sovereignty of the South China Sea. To ensure that each country has its fair and reasonable claim on it. This allows lesser disagreements to occur once again.

# data[].attributes.headline
1. What international challenges were countries trying to address?

# data[].attributes.subject
1. What international challenges were countries trying to address?

# data[].attributes.body
Singapore was the country coordinator for ASEAN-China dialogue relations, and facilitated negotiations on a code of conduct to manage tensions in the disputed waters. The code of conduct was meant to prevent overlapping territorial claims in the South China Sea from erupting into violent confrontations.

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1. Several ASEAN countries and China had a dispute over territorial claims on the South China Sea territories
2. Singapore was the country coordinator for Asean-China dialogue relations, playing a key role in addressing the territorial disputes via facilitating negotiations on a code of conduct (COC) to manage tensions in the disputed waters. This was to prevent countries facing violent confrontations from each other.
3. Singapore’s interest was to maintain the peace and good relations between itself, the ASEAN countries involved, and China. Furthermore, facilitating the negotiations would strengthen its image as a neutral country, one that other nations could rely on for support and aid without the influence of its belligerent. Lastly, Singapore hopes to ensure that international law, freedom of navigation, and ASEAN unity are guaranteed in the involved countries’ decision of the territorial claims.

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1. The summit aimed to facilitate a peaceful resolution to the North Korean nuclear crisis, and it resulted in a joint statement outlining the commitment to peace and denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula.

2. Singapore has supported the international community’s efforts to denuclearise North Korea through sanctions and diplomatic engagement.

3. At the time, the summit was hailed as a positive start to a complicated negotiating process, as well as a remarkable turnaround from the previous year, when the two leaders had traded insults and threats as Pyongyang conducted a series of ballistic missile tests.

# data[].attributes.body
Singapore was the country coordinator for Asean-China dialogue relations. During that time, it played a leading role in addressing territorial disputes in the South China Sea. Singapore facilitated negotiations on a code of conduct to manage tensions in the disputed waters.

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2. What role did Singapore play in addressing these challenges?

# data[].attributes.subject
2. What role did Singapore play in addressing these challenges?

# data[].attributes.headline
3. What were Singapore’s interests in this issue?

# data[].attributes.subject
3. What were Singapore’s interests in this issue?

# data[].attributes.body
North Korea conducted a series of ballistic missile tests (nuclear crisis)
Singapore supported this summit through sanctions and diplomatic engagement (strengthen and sustain peace after a conflict) Hence, they hosted the summit. Singapore hosted because they have a good track record in hosting high-level international events. The US and North Korea believed that SG could ensure the security of the event and be a neutral moderator.
The 2 leaders traded insult over the nuclear crisis. This summit, hosted by Singapore, resulted in a positive start and a remarkable turnaround

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The countries were trying to address the adoption of conservation and sustainable use measures and the conduct of environmental impact assessments in the maritime areas beyond national jurisdiction. Singapore welcomes the successful and timely conclusion of the BBNJ Agreement. Singapore looks forward to the universal adoption and effective implementation of the BBNJ Agreement.