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The following organisms listed in the textbook are lactose fermenting (LF):

Citrobacter amalonaticus

Citrobacter braakii

Citrobacter farmeri

Citrobacter freundii

Citrobacter koseri

Citrobacter spp.

Cronobacter dubliniensis (previously Enterobacter sakazakii)

Cronobacter malonaticus (previously Enterobacter sakazakii)

Cronobacter muytjensii (previously Enterobacter sakazakii)

Cronobacter sakazakii (previously Enterobacter sakazakii)

Cronobacter turicensis (previously Enterobacter sakazakii)

Cronobacter universalis

Enterobacter asburiae

Enterobacter bugandensis

Enterobacter cancerogenus

Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae

Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hormaechei

Enterobacter kobei

Enterobacter ludwigii

Enterobacter massiliensis

Escherichia coli (including extraintestinal and diarrheagenic pathotypes)

Escherichia spp.

Hafnia alvei

Hafnia paralvei

Klebsiella aerogenes

Klebsiella granulomatis

Klebsiella ozaenae

Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae

Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis

Klebsiella oxytoca

Klebsiella quasipneumoniae

Klebsiella variicola

Kosakonia cowanii (previously Enterobacter)

Pantoea agglomerans (previously Enterobacter agglomerans)

Pantoea ananatis

Pantoea spp.

Plesiomonas shigelloides

Pluralibacter gergoviae (previously Enterobacter gergoviae and Enterobacter pyrinus)

Raoultella spp.

Serratia marcescens subsp. marcescens (slow LF)

Serratia marcescens subsp. marcescens biogroup 1

Serratia liquefaciens complex (Serratia liquefaciens sensu stricto, Serratia proteamaculans, and Serratia grimesii; slow LF)

Serratia rubidaea

Serratia odorifera biogroups 1 and 2 (slow LF)

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non-LF Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp., Morganella morganii, Providencia spp., Edwardsiella tarda, and pathogenic Yersinia spp., as they appear colorless on MAC and red and black on HE/XLD.

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Remaining suspected organisms: All the other Enterobacterales are H2S-/variable, but majority negative. E. coli, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, E. cloacae, S. marcescens

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Removed by Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Negative Test Result (Include All Possible in Family)

Hydrogen sulfide producers are cut (black precipitate on TSI/LIA or black centers on HE/XLD).

The chapter's list is typically Salmonella and among others with H2S+.

Organisms that would be cut out:

Citrobacter freundii (variable, but many strains H2S+)

Edwardsiella tarda

Proteus mirabilis

Proteus vulgaris (variable H2S+)

Proteus penneri (variable)

Salmonella, all serotypes (most H2S+; e.g., Salmonella serotype Typhi variable but often weak+)

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E. coli, E. cloacae, S. marcescens

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Motility testing at 37°C (i.e. flagella; observed by wet mount or MIU), removes non-motile species at body temperature. Most Enterobacterales are motile. Some are non-motile or show reduced motility at 37°C.

Removed organisms:

Klebsiella aerogenes

Klebsiella granulomatis

Klebsiella ozaenae

Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae

Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae

Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis

Klebsiella oxytoca

Klebsiella quasipneumoniae

Klebsiella variicola

Shigella dysenteriae (group A)

Shigella flexneri (group B)

Shigella boydii (group C)

Shigella sonnei (group D)

Yersinia pestis (non-motile at 37°C; motile at 22°C)

Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica (reduced motility at 37°C)

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (reduced motility at 37°C)

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Positive result would indicate acetoin production (i.e. red ring after alpha-naphthol/KOH).

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Remaining Suspected Organisms: Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens

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Removed organisms:

Citrobacter amalonaticus

Citrobacter braakii

Citrobacter farmeri

Citrobacter freundii

Citrobacter koseri

Citrobacter spp.

Cronobacter dubliniensis

Cronobacter malonaticus

Cronobacter muytjensii

Cronobacter sakazakii

Cronobacter turicensis

Cronobacter universalis

Edwardsiella tarda

Escherichia coli (all pathotypes)

Escherichia spp.

Morganella morganii subsp. morganii

Morganella morganii subsp. sibonii

Proteus mirabilis

Proteus penneri

Proteus vulgaris

Providencia alcalifaciens

Providencia rettgeri

Providencia stuartii

Salmonella, all serotypes

Shigella dysenteriae (group A)

Shigella flexneri (group B)

Shigella boydii (group C)

Shigella sonnei (group D)

Yersinia pestis

Yersinia enterocolitica subsp. enterocolitica

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

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Indole(-) would mean no observed red ring on Kovac's reagent after tryptone broth. This would remove indole(+) species.

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Removed organisms:

Escherichia coli (all pathotypes)

Escherichia spp.

Morganella morganii subsp. morganii

Morganella morganii subsp. sibonii

Proteus vulgaris

Providencia rettgeri

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Remaining Suspected Organisms: Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Shigella sonnei

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o-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) results in a positive (i.e. yellow color; indicates β-galactosidase for lactose hydrolysis) and removes any ONPG-negative species because most LF are +, late/slow fermenters may also be – at first.

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Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens

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Removed organisms:

Shigella sonnei (group D) early strains ONPG-, but later +.