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AI is not equivalent to human intelligence, and the humanities are essential to guide its responsible use.

“AI isn’t intelligence. ChatGPT and other large language models are stochastic parrots, capable of churning out plausible sentences but not of understanding meaning.”

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AI "intelligence" does not mimic or replicate human intelligence

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Young children can generalize the nature of things with far less data.

“A toddler can recognize a cow after seeing just a few cows. AI, by contrast, needs to be trained on massive datasets.”

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AI lacks reasoning, social understanding, and contextual learning. They only recognize arbitrary patterns with no regard to their true meaning.

“The human brain evolved over 500 million years to help people make sense of a world of multifarious objects, within the lived contexts that embed their learning in social relations and affective experiences. Deprived of any such biological or social affordances, today’s machine learning models require arsenals of computer power… to achieve even modest capabilities.”

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“Stochastic parrots”: parrots can mimic sounds and be taught to repeat words, but have no understanding of what they mean.

Large language models are “stochastic parrots—programs that generate plausible text in response to a user’s prompt without benefit of any human-like understanding… without any reference to meaning.”

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Some argue that AI demonstrates clear reasoning via its ability to solve math/programming problems.

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Any apparent "reasoning" is statistical predictions, not comprehension; AI often produces inconsistent/inaccurate responses, and is easy to "gaslight".

“The model does not understand the meaning of the words it uses, only the probabilities of their sequence.”

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Corporations often hype for their own benefit. Overhyping also leads to the spread of misinformation and fear, making public discourse irrational.

“Such inflated claims distort public understanding and distract from real issues of ethics and accountability.”

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Corporations often hype for their own benefit. Overhyping also leads to the spread of misinformation and fear, making public discourse irrational.

“Such inflated claims distort public understanding and distract from real issues of ethics and accountability.”

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AI is misunderstood by the general population, and overhyped by industries.

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AI relies on behind-the-scenes human labor.

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Media an corporations exaggerate AI capabilities for their own, ulterior motives.

“The tech industry thrives on hype. AI is often described as if it were about to achieve human-like consciousness.”

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People with little to no knowledge of how AI works confuse prediction with understanding, creating false perception.

“…conflating predictive analytics with ‘intelligence’ and massive datasets with ‘knowledge’ and ‘experience’—are primarily the result of marketing hype, technological obscurantism, and public ignorance”

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Workers must filter toxic content and fine-tune outputs to align with expectations.

“Behind the curtain are countless low-paid workers labeling data, training responses, and filtering out offensive outputs.”

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Hype leads to innovation and investment, pushing AI towards its expected capability quicker.

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AI still hallucinates, produces biased content, and can be convinced that false claims are true.

“GPT-3 was found to emit ‘persistent toxic’ content, ‘severe’ bias… and ‘misconceptions’… LLMs are prone to confident-sounding ‘hallucinations’”

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Future technological advances may reduce reliance on humans to function properly.

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AI poses risks to the effectiveness and integrity of education.

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Students using AI may write shallow, unimaginative work.

“Since text generators do a good job with syntax, but suffer from simplistic, derivative, or inaccurate content, requiring students to work from this shallow foundation is hardly the best way to empower their thinking”

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Over-reliance weakens critical thinking and rhetorical skills.

“If students lean on AI to produce their writing, they risk outsourcing not only words but thought itself.”

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AI can help students brainstorm or learn faster.

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Regulation might stifle innovation, preventing it from being developed into a better state.

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AI can help students brainstorm or learn faster.

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More often than not, it undermines learning due to a lack of guidance.

“Writing is thinking. To cede it to a machine is to short-circuit the very process education is meant to cultivate.”

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The humanities act as a counterbalance to the shortcomings of AI on education.

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Humanities teach source evaluation, contextual analysis, and ethical reflection.

“Humanists—including those who teach writing as a medium of public communication, shared experience, democratic dialogue, artistic experiment, and new knowledge—are ideal ‘domain experts’ for the current juncture”

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Can guide both pedagogy and regulation.

“The humanities have always asked questions of meaning, context, and ethics — questions that must be posed to AI as well.”

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AI is as much cultural as it is technical; humanities provide crucial insight.

“AI is not only a technological artifact but a social one, shaped by language, culture, and politics.”

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AI has many societal & ethical implications.

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AI reproduces bias, amplifies surveillance, and influences politics.

“AI systems learn from biased data and inevitably reproduce those biases, sometimes in harmful or discriminatory ways.”

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Without regulation, the increasing influence of AI may quickly deepen inequality and spread misinformation.

“Clearly, governments, policymakers, and citizen groups must regulate ‘AI’ practices in earnest… to prevent harms to the marginalized and vulnerable”

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Oversight ensures innovation benefits society rather than harming it.

“The stakes are democratic. Without accountability, AI risks becoming a tool of exploitation and manipulation.”

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AI is a powerful but limited tool, not human-like intelligence. The humanities are essential for guiding responsible use, teaching critical engagement, and shaping regulation.

“Rather than retreating in fear, educators in the humanities should lean in — helping students, citizens, and policymakers make sense of AI.”

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Humans can generalize concepts from just a few examples, whereas AI requires enormous datasets to identify patterns. Unlike humans, AI lacks reasoning, social understanding, and contextual awareness, processing information without any grasp of its true meaning.

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The tech industry and media often overstate AI’s abilities, portraying it as capable of human-like understanding. This exaggeration, combined with widespread public ignorance, leads many to mistake predictive pattern recognition for true intelligence, creating a false perception of what AI can actually do.

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AI systems rely on human labor to filter toxic content and guide outputs, yet they remain prone to bias, hallucinations, and false information. Even with these interventions, AI cannot reliably distinguish fact from fiction.

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Relying on AI for writing encourages shallow, formulaic work and undermines the development of critical thinking and rhetorical skills, as students risk outsourcing both expression and thought.

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The humanities provide expertise in evaluating sources, understanding context, and reflecting on ethics, equipping educators and policymakers to guide both AI pedagogy and regulation responsibly.