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India has one of the world’s oldest cultures that began in 4500 years ago (Delaware Commission, n.d). It is described as “Sa Prathama Sanskrati Vishvavara” — the first and the supreme culture in the world, according to the All-World Gayatri Pariwar (AWGP) organisation (Delaware Commission, n.d).
Delaware Commission. (n.d). About Indian Culture. https://india.delaware.gov/about-indian-culture/

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It is known for their architecture such as the Taj Mahal that has a mix of elements from Persian, Islamic, Turkish, and Indian architectural styles (Delaware Commission, n.d).

Delaware Commission. (n.d). About Indian Culture. https://india.delaware.gov/about-indian-culture/

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Bharatnatyam is the oldest form of traditional dance in India. It is a combination of hand gestures, facial expressions, dance steps and eye movements.

https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/india-dance/index.html

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India has diverse ethnic groups and languages; the Indian constitution recognises 23 official languages (Delaware Commission, n.d).
Delaware Commission. (n.d). About Indian Culture. https://india.delaware.gov/about-indian-culture/

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There several religions, namely Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Sikh, and others having Hinduism as the most practiced religion (Delaware Commission, n.d).
Delaware Commission. (n.d). About Indian Culture. https://india.delaware.gov/about-indian-culture/

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Foods such as wheat, Basmati rice, pulses with chana (Bengal gram dominate the Indian cuisine, additionally, the food is rich in curries and spices

Ingredients

·       1 cup soaked basmati rice

·       1 teaspoon salt

·       1 tablespoon sunflower oil

·       1/2 cup grated coconut

·       4 cup Water

·       1/2 cup urad dal Step 1 Soak rice, dal and then grind

How to make plain Dosa

Step 1: Soak the rice and dal overnight. The next morning, grind rice, dal and coconut to make a paste. Add water in batches and grind again to make a batter with a runny consistency. Add salt and mix.

Step 2: keep the mixture in a warm place and let it ferment for 5-6 hours.

Step 3: Heat a non-stick pan, drizzle some oil on it and pour a ladle full of batter and spread it evenly. Lower the heat and cover the pan for a minute or so. Then dribble a few drops of oil around the dosa. Once it is brown and crisp, the dosa is ready.

Step 4: Serve it with sambar or chutney.

https://recipes.timesofindia.com/recipes/plain-dosa/rs53111272.cms

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The most relevant aspect of domain 7 is 12.3: “Clinicians adhere to high ethical standards and are committed to the principles of…respect and effective communication when providing culturally responsive care to people from migrant and refugee backgrounds “(Migrant and Refugee women’s health partnership, 2019). I have improved my understanding of the Indian migrants and I have learned about their beliefs especially in connection to medicine. I feel that I am more capable of providing care for the Indian patients and their families through proper communication, respecting their beliefs about what health and wellness is and finding ways to incorporate that knowledge into my practice. These skills are will allow me to create a cultural environment where Indian patients feel their beliefs are respected and feel welcomed.

References

Migrant and Refugee women’s health partnership. (2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds; competency standards framework for clinicians.

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India has a traditional medical system called the Ayurveda. It is based on the belief that health and wellness are dependent on the delicate balance between the body, mind and spirit (Travis and Wallace, 2015). It is three delineated categories fundamental regulatory principles of the mind, body, and behaviour, they are called doshas, namely Vata, Pitta and Kapha.  Vata controls body functions,  the mind, breathing, blood flow, heart function, and ability to get rid of waste through the intestines. Pitta controls the  digestion, metabolism and hormones linked to appetite and Kapha controls muscle growth, body strength and stability, weight, and immune system. Therefore, treatment is focused on creating this balance (Travis and Wallace, 2015)

References

Travis, F. T., & Wallace, R. K. (2015). Dosha brain-types: A neural model of individual differences. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine, 6(4), 280–285. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-9476.172385

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Social determinants of health on Indians Migrants.

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Social determinants of health on Indians Migrants.

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Food security is a social determinant of health in Indian migrants due to acculturation and socio-economic factors (Mansour et al., 2020). Most migrants being in a new country have difficulty in accessing to their traditional food resulting in poor diet (Mansour et al., 2020).
Social exclusion due to their religion, skin colour and the caste-based discrimination among the Indians in Australia (The Guardian, 2023). This results in increased stress, anxiety, and depression.

Indian migrants especially the Indian international students have been facing housing issues due to the rising rental costs that has resulted in housing stress and exploitation (ABC, 2023).

References

The Guardian. (2023). ‘A disease’: Caste discrimination in Australia is on the rise – but some are fighting back. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/feb/18/a-disease-caste-discrimination-in-australia-is-on-the-rise-but-some-are-fighting-back

Mansour, R., Liamputtong, P., & Arora, A. (2020). Prevalence, Determinants, and Effects of Food Insecurity among Middle Eastern and North African Migrants and Refugees in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(19), 7262. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197262
ABC. (2023). International students faced with housing and cost-of-living stress say they were misled about Australia. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-05-19/international-students-migrant-housing-crisis-living-costs/102355508

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Cricket is the most popular sport in India with the Indian team having great achievements internationally. Cricket was introduced during the British colonisation and has been strongly ingrained in the culture and tradition.

https://www.thecricketpaper.com/guest-blogs/7066/top-5-reasons-why-cricket-is-so-popular-in-india/

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Health to me means being in the state of complete mental, physical, social and spiritual wellbeing and not just devoid of disease (World Health Organization (WHO), 2023). This means that health for me is holistic, it is a state of harmony existing in all aspects of my life, physically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually and socially.
References

World Health Organization. (2023). Constitution. https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution

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Principal health issues for Punjab Indians

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Principal health issues for Punjab Indians

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The principal health issues affecting the Indians in Australia are type II diabetes (Nagarathna et al. 2020). This is influenced their dietary choices and sedentary lives and religious beliefs that influence their self-management of diabetes that includes prayers instead of use of medication (Ahmad et al., 2022). The treatment for type II diabetes will include administration of Metformin which is effective in lowering of glucose production in the live and improving body sensitivity to insulin (Baker et al., 2021).

Cardiovascular diseases is a health issue affecting Indian migrants. This is due to their diet that comprises of large amounts of added sugars, large portions, late dinners. Dietary patterns are related to immigration and acculturation a risk factor for heart disease (Fernandez et al., 2015). The treatment/intervention is prevention, by better choice of diet and nutrition and increasing physical activity.

Obesity is a health issue that has been prevalent in Indian migrants. This is due to their having sedentary lifestyle and an increase poor choice of diet (Fernandez et al., 2017). The best intervention is health campaigns and health education on dietary choices and physical activity (Fernandez et al., 2017).

References

Fernandez, R., Rolley, J. X., Rajaratnam, R., Everett, B., & Davidson, P. M. (2015). Reducing the risk of heart disease among Indian Australians: knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding food practices - a focus group study. Food & nutrition research, 59, 25770. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v59.25770

Baker, C., Retzik-Stahr, C., Singh, V., Plomondon, R., Anderson, V., & Rasouli, N. (2021). Should metformin remain the first-line therapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes?. Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism, 12, 2042018820980225. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042018820980225 Nagarathna, R., Bali, P., Anand, A., Srivastava, V., Patil, S., Sharma, G., Manasa, K., Pannu, V., Singh, A., & Nagendra, H. R. (2020). Prevalence of Diabetes and Its Determinants in the Young Adults Indian Population-Call for Yoga Intervention. Frontiers in endocrinology, 11, 507064. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.507064

Ahmad, A., Khan, M. U., & Aslani, P. (2022). The role of religion, spirituality and fasting in coping with diabetes among Indian migrants in Australia: A qualitative exploratory study. Journal of religion and health, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01438-9
Fernandez, R., Miranda, C., & Everett, B. (2017). Prevalence of obesity among migrant Asian Indians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of evidence-based healthcare, 9(4), 420–428. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1609.2011.00243.x