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Chlamydia trachomatis is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that causes preventable blindness, the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide, and lymphatic system infections. C. trachomatis infects the female genital tract and causes chronic infection. It can avoid destruction by the host's innate and adaptive immune systems. Prolonged exposure to C. trachomatis may lead to scarring and disruption of tubal integrity, and increased susceptibility to ectopic pregnancy. There are also perihepatitis and pelvic inflammatory disease that can result from an upper genital tract infection in women. These infections can cause inflammation of the liver and pelvis, respectively. Treatment includes antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications.

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Depending on a person's sexual activity, Chlamydia trachomatis can infect the eyes, throat or rectum. Eye infections, called conjunctivitis, cause the inside of the eyelid to be red and irritated. In the throat, an infection may have no symptoms, or a person may have a sore throat. An infection in the rectum may have no symptoms or may cause rectal pain, discharge or bleeding. Treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis is usually antibiotics. It is important to get tested and treated for the infection as soon as possible to reduce the risk of serious health problems.

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At least 70% of cases, women do not experience any symptoms as a result of their chlamydia infection. If they do get symptoms, the most common include:

Pain when urinating

Unusual vaginal discharge

Pain in the tummy or pelvis

Pain during sex

Bleeding after sex

Bleeding between periods

In the case of untreated chlamydia, it may cause serious infections in the womb called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Women suffer from ectopic pregnancies and infertility due to this condition.

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A chlamydial infection during pregnancy may cause problems such as preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, and low birth weight. The newborn may also contract the infection during delivery as it passes through the birth canal. Exposed newborns can develop eye and lung infections. Treatment is usually antibiotics, but it is important to seek medical attention early. Regular testing during pregnancy can help to detect the infection and prevent complications.

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In at least half of cases of chlamydia, men don't notice any symptoms. If they do get symptoms, the most common include:

Pain when urinating

White, cloudy or watery discharge

Burning or itching in the urethra

Pain in the testicles

A chlamydia infection left untreated can swell the epididymis (the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles) and the testicles. This could affect your fertility.

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Pelvic inflammatory disease (or PID) is an infection that affects the female reproductive organs. Chlamydia can spread into the fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries when certain bacteria enter them. Much like chlamydia itself, the initial symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease are often mild and hard to recognize until they reach more advanced stages. Symptoms can include:

Swelling and redness in the scrotum

Pain or tenderness in the testicles, usually only on one side

Abnormal discharge

Blood in the semen

Pain in the pelvis or lower abdomen

Painful, urgent, frequent urination

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Rarely, chlamydia may cause reactive arthritis. Similar to other forms of arthritis, this condition causes inflammation in the joints, particularly in your knees, ankles, and feet. The inflammation can potentially extend to your eyes, urethra, and skin. Along with pain and stiffness in the joints, reactive arthritis may result in:

Mouth sores, rashes on your palms and the soles of your feet, and other skin issues

Lower back pain that is frequently worse at night

Urinary problems

Swollen fingers and toes

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Longterm Chlamydia Effects (Ectopic Pregnancy)

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Longterm Chlamydia Effects (Ectopic Pregnancy)

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Untreated chlamydia can also lead to an increased risk of an ectopic pregnancy, a pregnancy wherein the fertilized egg ends up implanted outside of the uterus. The pregnancy cannot proceed as normal, and without treatment, an ectopic pregnancy can be fatal if medical attention is not received immediately. If not treated quickly, an ectopic pregnancy can cause internal bleeding, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy and seek medical attention immediately if necessary. The symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy include sharp, severe pain in the lower abdomen, shoulder pain, dizziness, and vaginal bleeding. In addition, an ectopic pregnancy can cause other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and pelvic pain.

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Chlamydia can usually be effectively treated with antibiotics. More than 95% of people will be cured if they take their antibiotics correctly.

You may be started on antibiotics once test results have confirmed you have chlamydia. But if it's very likely you have the infection, you might be started on treatment before you get your results.

The two most commonly prescribed antibiotics for chlamydia are doxycycline and azithromycin

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Doxycycline is used to treat bacterial infections in many different parts of the body. Doxycycline for Chlamydia is used orally twice a day for 7 days. Doxycycline works by inhibiting the bacteria's ability to reproduce, and it is also used to treat other types of infections caused by bacteria, such as urinary tract infections, acne, and respiratory infections.

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Azithromycin belongs to the class of drugs known as macrolide antibiotics. It works by killing bacteria or preventing their growth. Azithromycin for Chlamydia is often used 1 g orally as a single oral dose. Azithromycin is effective in treating Chlamydia because it is an antibiotic that works by inhibiting the bacteria's ability to reproduce. It also prevents the bacteria from forming new cell walls and from getting nutrients from the environment.