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Provides long term energy storage.

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Lipids consists of a lot of functional diversity

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Lipids consists of a lot of structural diversity

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Serves as one of thee macronutrients within human diet

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Lipids (energy storage for more than 24 hours) 

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Lipids (energy storage for more than 24 hours) 

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Faces away from H2O

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Head (hydrophilic and polar) and solvent oriented. 

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Head (hydrophilic and polar) and solvent oriented. 

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Faces towards H2O

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Location of the carbonyl group (c=o)
Ketone (middle)
Aldehyde (top)

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Lipids do not dissolve in water (insoluble) 

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Lipids do not dissolve in water (insoluble) 

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Determines the identity of nucleic acids.

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Contains adenine and guanine.

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DNA contains cytosine and thymine. RNA contains uracil.

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solid at room temperature and consists of single bonds (Example. Butter)

Less flexibility saturated fats

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Aldotriose means there are three carbons (triose) and the carbonyl oxygen (C=O) is located at the end of the chain (Aldo)

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Monomer of Carbohydrates & Simple Sugars

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Liquid at room temperature and consists of multiple double bonds known to be polyunsaturated (For example. Oils and waxes)

Transconfomation never occurs within double bonds

More flexibility in unsaturated fats and an increase in solubility

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Are lipids that consist of fatty acids which can be divided into membrane lipids and storage lipids

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Proteins are broken down for energy when needed

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Proteins are broken down for energy when needed

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Polymer of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides connected by covalent bonds or glycosidic linkages

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Glycogenesis causes glucose to be stores as glycogen in the liver

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Beta cells in pancreas release insulin into the blood stream

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Steroids, cholesterol, vitamins, etc.

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Within a cll each polymer has a specific job

Polymers fold up

If you loose the structure you loose the function

If you change the structure you change the function

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“Carbo-“ (carbon based molecule)
“-hydrate” (compound that includes water in its composition)

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Communicates to liver to store excess glucose as glycogen through polymerization

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Example: Vitamin C and Vitamin E

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Found in both plant and animal cells

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Allow for growth and function of hormones

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Type of unsaturated fats that provides energy but is not healthy for the body as it can increase the risk of heart disease

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Photosynthesis & Respiration

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Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis

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The creation of new bio molecules: DNA/RNA, Glycoproteins, Glycolipids

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Storage of Glucose

(Blood Sugar Regulation)

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Floating or released into body for energy

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Polymerized glucose is stored in cytonic granuales as glucogen

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Mobilization of Stored Gyclogen

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Composition: Enzymes for Synthesis

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A series of chemical reactions within the body that break down glucose and produce ATP energy

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If the 2' contains an OH bond, it is a RNA structure.

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If the 2' contains a H bond, it is a DNA structure.

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Containing only one phosphate group.

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Contains two phosphate groups.

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Contains three phosphate groups.

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DNA contains the information that is needed for an organism to survive, develop, and reproduce.

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Fat layers on seals are a prime example of insulation as it has to be thick enough in between a seals organs and the arctic water in order to keep the seals body temperature stabilized and keep them alive in the low temperatures.

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Lowers solubility

Van der Waals interactions help lipids stay packed together so that water stays out.

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Are more flexible and are not packed together tightly

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Less flexibility and are packed more tightly

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Give our bodies lots of nutritional value as they have many benefits on our heart, blood regulation, cholesterol levels, muscles, brain function, and more.

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DNA is stabilized and held together with the help of Van Der Waals forces.

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These are types of fatty acids that our bodies cannot produce, so we have to consume them from the foods we eat.

These fatty acids are very good for our health as they reduce the risk of heart disease.

omega-3 foods: Salmon, leafy greens, walnuts, chia seeds, etc

omega-6: vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, etc

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Triacylglycerols/ Triglycerides/ Neutral fats 

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Triacylglycerols/ Triglycerides/ Neutral fats 

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Made from many fatty acids and one glycerol molecule

Simple Triglycerides: made from one fatty acid

Mixed Triglycerides: made from multiple fatty acids that do not match each other

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Main storage of lipids and the main form of fatty acids

Solids: fats, providing insulin in our stomachs

Liquids: oils providing oil on our face

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Example: Fats allow bears to get through hibernation

Stored fat is used as energy to keep bears functioning properly through hibernation

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A lipid that is made up of two fatty acids, a phosphate group, and a glycerol molecule

The main part of a cell membrane

Can form bilayers in water environments (aqueous)

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When forming phospholipid bilayers, lipids consist of a polar head group that looks to seek water( hydrophilic) and a nonpolar tail that avoids water (hydrophobic)

The hydrophilic polar head groups face both outside and inside the water towards the cell, while the hydrophobic non-polar tails face away from the water and both contribute to the formation of the structure.

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Polar head group loves water (hydrophilic)

Phosphate group hates water (hydrophobic)

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Lipid bilayers form compartments as they can assemble together to form the overall structure of the lipid.

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How vesicles are formed: The ends of the bilayers are enclosed due to hydrophobic tails, making the ends unstable because the tails are always moving away from the water.