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To me, The Winters Tale felt more serious than Shakespeares earlier comedies, but not as calamitous as the tragedies. Instead, the “late romance” angle seems defined from his ability to blend both comedy and tragedy into one production.  There’s a heavy tonal shift in the final acts in comparison to the grim nature of the first half. I can almost picture this play going in a reverse narrative arc, where instead of climbing up and resolving by going down, we begin already descending the arc and in the final acts, we begin climbing up to the resolution.  It’s not a romance in the modern sense, but in the way it romanticizes forgiveness, as well as including these types of whimsical events like Hermione’s statue coming to life. When comparing its tragedy to plays like King Lear, it doesn’t seem as much of a cautionary tale ending in consequential devastation, but rather a story focused on redemption and forgiveness.

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While I understand the use of genre as a label to help distinguish works from each other, this is one of those instances where I think it kind of holds back the work. I have to say I had trouble wrapping my head around what exactly "late romance" meant. I think it does The Winter's Tale a disservice when genre labels get slapped onto it too quickly, because it rather denies the play the ability to define itself on its own terms. I think it's entirely too complex to be put in narrow boxes of genre, even though it does fit hallmarks of both prior comedies (happy ending, forgiveness, love) and tragedies (insanity, political intrigue, death, attempted murder). I love when genre lines get blurred for the sake of complex characters and themes, and Shakespeare does it really well most of the time anyway, but this really exemplifies it. As a side note, the time skip is terribly interesting to me, because putting Father Time in there felt a lot like Shakespeare didn't know how to shoehorn a time skip in and had to get creative. But I also like that the happy ending we get isn't immediate like it is in the comedies. Leontes has to work for it; he spends sixteen years grieving before Hermione forgives him, and he loses not only his family but any real respect he had from his friends and subjects. I appreciate that Shakespeare knew he had to make Leontes' redemption feel at least somewhat earned.

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The Winter’s Tale is a very strange play to me. I know that the play is categorized as a “late romance” but am having trouble figuring out what that means. Given that The Tempest supposedly shares this genre, and I have some, but not much, experience with that play, I get the feeling that this term is used to describe all of the plays Shakespeare wrote later in his life that do not neatly fit into “tragedies”, “comedies”, or “histories”. That being said, I feel like the way time is handled in the play is what makes defining its genre so difficult, as it essentially becomes a different play entirely. It starts off as a classic tragedy; with tense disputes between characters (especially royalty, with the aforementioned disputes usually having something to do with the succession of the royal throne) leading to imprisonments and murder plots. When Antigonus gets suddenly eaten by the bear and Father Time appears to announce that sixteen years have passed, the play transforms, now resembling one of Shakespeare’s comedies that we discussed earlier in the semester. However, I feel like it is less a comedy because the play becomes funny and more so because the (surviving) characters actually get a halfway decent ending for themselves. In this sense, if I were to sort The Winter’s Tale into a different genre from late romance, I feel it would fit best as a tragedy. What ultimately defines my confidence in this belief is when, out of curiosity, I looked up why it was titled The Winter’s Tale and was reminded of Mamillius’ lines from earlier in the play where he says, “a sad tale’s best for winter.” (The Winter’s Tale 2.11.33).  I bet if Shakespeare had changed a few things towards the end, it could have been up there with Macbeth and Hamlet as one of Shakespeare’s more iconic plays, then.

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I actually really liked The Winter’s Tale, especially how it shifts so dramatically from something dark and tense into something almost magical and hopeful by the end, but I couldn’t fully get behind the way Leontes is handled. His jealousy at the beginning feels so sudden and destructive that it’s honestly hard to move past, especially since it leads to such extreme consequences, including what he believes is the death of Hermione and the loss of his family. Because of that, I found myself wishing the play spent more time showing his grief and guilt during the long gap in the story. We’re told that years pass and that he regrets what he’s done, but we don’t really see that suffering in a meaningful way, and without that, his redemption feels a little unearned. If the play had actually shown him living with that loss and struggling with what he caused, I think it would have made it much easier to feel some level of sympathy for him as a character. Instead, when everything is suddenly resolved at the end, it almost feels too easy, especially when Hermione forgives him. That moment is supposed to be powerful and emotional, but for me, it felt rushed, like the play was more interested in tying things up neatly than really dealing with the weight of his actions. I still appreciate the overall message about forgiveness and renewal, and I think the ending is meant to feel hopeful, but it left me conflicted because I wasn’t fully convinced that Leontes deserved that kind of resolution.

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I would agree with The Winter's Tale being considered a late romance. However, I would also argue that it is a comedy. We have seen with Shakespeare's tragedies that they end with practically everyone dying, or at least the main characters all end up dead, with insignificant characters being the resolution of peace. So the fact that this play ends with the Hermione coming back to life and everything being resolved, I would say would fall under a romantic category. However, we see in the comedies they all end in a wedding, or some sort of ceremony, and Perdita and Prince Florizel were set to be married. I also think that the drama throughout the play is aligned with the drama we see in comedies such as jealousy and affairs which we see in Twelfth Night. I also think the bear is a stupid, unrelated, comedic relief throughout. Yes, the bear kills Antigonus which keeps Perdita safe, but overall it seems like a ploy to add some lightheartedness to the play. If Shakespeare was wanting to keep the location of Perdita a mystery, he could have had Antigonus be imprisoned for something stupid, or died of illness or something, which are plot devices we have seen Shakespeare implement before. If you look up The Winter's Tale, you will see some sort of image containing a bear, which I do not believe is the main point or plot of the play which furthers my belief of it being a comedic release.

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Feminism in The Winter’s Tale was more obvious than in other shows with feminist readings to me. Not just in the symbolism of Perdita and Hermione with Persephone and Demeter and the cult of Eleusis, but also in how male characters are punished for their actions against the women. Leontes suffers for over a decade as a direct result of his actions towards his female counterparts of his wife and daughter, in making Perdita a nearly divine-like character in being recognizably beautiful and noble despite her status, Shakespeare creates an unachievable and perfect ideal that falls in with classist views of ‘nobility’ however he puts agency into her hands and makes her intelligent and capable. She has a distinct personality, as does Paulina and Hermione. Paulina stands out as particularly interesting because while she could be interpreted as falling into the stereotype of loud and aggressive woman she more importantly succeeds. She is intelligent, truthful, loyal, and most importantly, persistent. She will not allow her views on her lady to be changed and she knows the truth of her mistress and will not let even the king sway her opinion and she continues to advocate for Hermione and then potentially harbors her for the time between her ‘death’ and her revival, if it is to be believed Hermione survived. Hermione herself is an interesting figure, similar to Perdita class plays a huge part in her role but we see Hermione with a distinct personality and an ability to make a choice, she chose to return to Leontes, while her rights and choices were stripped of her in the first act she makes the choice to return and more importantly, her reunion to her daughter is more significant than that of her husband.

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I don't want to over-exhaust the discussion on genre, so the only thing I will say is that the name "romance" as a genre for Shakespeare's later works is very fitting. I surprisingly liked this play despite some feelings of dissatisfaction in certain moments. What interested me the most was the idea of kingship and the consequences of authority. We talked about kingship in the histories, but this play, the friendship between King Leontes and King Polixenes, plays a key role in the drama of this play, not in a political sense, but emotionally, with Leontes accusing him of sleeping with his wife. This accusation is particularly important because it demonstrates how fragile authority can be when it is motivated by one's insecurity instead of reason. Because of his authority as king, Leontes can act out of jealousy whenever he pleases and does not have to listen to those who warn him otherwise, which has consequences for everyone around him. A moment of unjustified suspicion led to Hermione's trial and death, Perdita's abandonment, Camillo's fleeing, and the death of Antigonus. For me, the play shows that being a king involves more than just controlling others and their actions have repercussions. This is a stark contrast from Polixenes, who seemingly does nothing wrong in the play. He was very close to Leontes, and he basically throws away years of loyalty and friendship out the window over a false accusation. This moment also reveals how quickly trust can collapse when someone is pressured by power and fear. The damage to their connection is permanent and influences the rest of the play. The play ends by saying that leadership involves not only power but also the ability to reflect and listen to others, because not doing so can result in losing the people you love the most.

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Yes, The Winter's Tale is often described in the genre of "late romance", but I also feel like this play can fall between the lines of also being considered a comedy and tragedy, while also showing the themes of time, forgiveness, and renewal. Unlike Shakespeare's other plays, they tend to fit clearly in either the category of being a straightforward tragedy or a straightforward comedy, whereas this play shifts between these two modes, making it more complex when it comes to the characters and the overall story itself. At the beginning of the play, it resembles a tragedy very well when it comes to King Leontes' sudden irrational jealousy of his wife, Hermione. This is similar to the destructive jealousy seen in one of his plays called, Othello. King Leontes accusations leads to consequences, including the apparent death of Hermione and the loss of his son. The tone in the first half of this play is very dark and intense, focusing more on the betrayal, guilt, and suffering and if the play ended here, it would clearly be seen as a tragedy. However, when we shift into the second half of the paly the tone and setting change drastically. We have a 16-year time jump, moving the story to the countryside of Bohemia, where a lighter and more comedic atmosphere takes over. This half of the play also included elements typical of Shakespearian comedy, such as young love, disguise, and humor that is similar to another one of his plays, As You Like It. What is making people think that this play is considered a "late romance" is because it combines these contrasting elements into a single narrative. Unlike the traditional tragedies, the play doesn't end in death and despair, and unlike the traditional comedies, its happy ending is not simple or immediate. Instead, Shakespeare emphasizes this play as something that is a passage of time that is used to help the characters heal. Leontes must live with his guilt for many years before he is able to seek that forgiveness. Overall, this play stands apart from Shakespeare's earlier comedies and tragedies by blending both of the genres together and focusing on redemption. It shows that while humans can make mistakes that can cause a deep suffering for others, forgiveness and renewal are still possible for those people over time.

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The Winter’s Tale is a comedy-in a Greek way. There is a “happy” ending or at least a resolution of sorts and a couple of marriages (betrothals) and all’s well that ends well-maybe. It is likely that the Elizabethan audiences left satisfied with the heteronormative finale; barely remembering the innocent little boy or the kind-hearted soul who was eaten by a bear earlier in the play.

What I find interesting-or would find interesting to discuss are the periods left out of the play. What happened to Hermione in the sixteen years between appearances? Even more interesting to me is what does the day after the “statute’s” unveiling look like? Do Leontes and Hermione pick up where they left off? Is that possible? Is Paulina interested in marrying Camillo? Is Polixenes able to forgive Leontes for trying to have him killed? What happens between Hermione and Perdita? Sequels weren’t part of the Elizabethan fare, so we’re left with wondering, which may be the whole point.

I did take particular notice of the roles of the three main women in the play-solid characters—Perdita, Hermione and Paulina—although the play does not pass the Bechdel Test. (A movie/play with at least two main female characters who speak with each other about something other than a man.) Shakespeare writ large doesn’t do too well on the Bechdel scale.

If the play falters in its story for some—which I don’t think it does—it can always fall back on its language which, as usual, is nonpareil. For instance, the verse of Time/Chorus serves as a consummate dividing line in the story as well as a reminder that even late in his career, that Shakespeare could really turn a phrase, if you will.

The most memorable part of the play for me is Leontes’ fall into paranoia and just his poor overall mental state. Kaela said it best: “There’s something really wrong with you.” It was so disturbing that I had to stop watching a film production of the play last week. I made it through the first two acts, but it leveled me-the actor playing Leontes really bought into the role. As noted in Essential Shakespeare it is clear that Leontes is delusional and I think Leontes is even aware of that—“…the infection in my brains…” Sadly, the human condition is such that “Knowing you’re crazy doesn’t make the crazy things stop happening” Mark Vonnegut, The Eden Express: A Memoir of Insanity.” Is that enough to pardon Leontes? I don’t know, but I would love to discuss it. I felt bad for Leontes in Acts I and II—and again in V. He’s not quite an archetype Shakespearean tragic figure, but he a sad pitiful figure nonetheless.

I have heard the premise that a true Shakespearean tragedy takes an above average man and brings him down while a comedy takes a less than average man and raises him up. Think Lear and Macbeth for the former, Bottom, Sebastian for the latter. Where does Leontes fall in the spectrum? Is he brought low early in the play? Is he raised up (truly) in the end?

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When it comes to genre in A winter's tale, its a very hard thing to figure out at first because this play does something kind of unique to it. The play radically shifts from a tragedy to a comedy around the halfway point when we have a sixteen-year time skip and changing our main setting to Bohemia. Starting out in the first half of the play, it tends to just play out like what would be a traditional Shakespearean tragedy full of all the drama you expect of the sort with the tense climate politically and internally in Sicily. And looking at Leontes and Hermoine's relationship as well as those surrounding them such as their loss of children in the play as well as Antigonus and their death after abandoning baby Perdita before being pursued by a bear being the last time we see him. This single stage direction is what causes the shift of this play being a tragedy into it being a comedy romance hence its statement as one of the late romances. The bear comes out of nowhere stunning the audience and anyone watching the play as they all never saw it coming. Before the embodiment of time comes out and says sixteen years has past and were now in Bohemia in which the play begins to play more out like a traditional Shakespearean romance with two lovers who want to get married but have several obstacles in the way before coming to a realization that allows them to get married by the end. The Time Skip also gives us insight into how the tragedy part of the play effected certain characters especially Leontes after basically losing his entire family losing his purpose before eventually finding his own happy ending when Hermoine returns to him and his daughter Perdita was actually alive though the play does acknowledge that with everyone’s happy ending there are those who were still effected by the tragedy from the beginning of the play.