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The concept of body adornment within the realm of fashion pertains to the act of embellishing or adorning one's physical form. This encompasses a broad spectrum of practices, such as garments, jewellery, tattoos, piercings, and cosmetics.

Throughout history, body adornment has held great significance in various cultures worldwide; it serves as a means for individuals to express themselves while also reflecting their cultural identity and social standing.

Whether drawing inspiration from traditional cultural practices or embracing modern trends within the industry itself, body adornment remains a dynamic and ever-evolving aspect that continues to shape the landscape of fashion today.

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for his ground breaking contributions to the world of fashion, Alexander McQueen revolutionized body adornment with his avant-garde and theatrical designs. By defying conventional norms, he delved into the relationship between clothing, art, and the human form. Rather than mere garments, McQueen's creations were captivating masterpieces that challenged expectations.

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McQueen fearlessly incorporated unconventional materials like feathers, metalwork, leather, and even taxidermy into his body adornments. This fusion of elements blurred the boundaries separating fashion from artistic expression.

Through these extraordinary works of artistry on fabric-clad bodies, McQueen shattered traditional ideals surrounding beauty and style while utilizing body adornment as a medium for self-expression and narrative storytelling. The impact of his body adornment work has inspired designers worldwide to venture beyond established conventions when it comes to embellishing our physical selves.

In essence, Alexander McQueen's legacy epitomizes unparalleled creativity coupled with an unwavering determination to push against limitations within the realm of couture design.

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Suzanne Lee, is an influential figure in the realm of sustainable fashion and body embellishment, has revolutionized the industry with her inventive concepts. Challenging conventional ideas surrounding clothing and accessories by crafting novel materials and designs. What sets Lee apart is her pioneering work with bio fabrication – a technique that employs living organisms like bacteria and yeast to cultivate textiles suitable for garments and adornments. By adopting this approach, she not only pushes the boundaries of traditional fashion but also offers a more eco-conscious alternative to standard textile production methods. Undoubtedly, her ground-breaking creations continue to serve as inspiration for designers and intellectuals worldwide.

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In its raw state it looks scarily like human skin," says Suzanne Lee, the designer behind BioCouture - a research project to produce garments from textile biomaterials.

Lee is speaking about bacterial cellulose, the material she has used since 2004 to create eco-friendly clothing for exhibitions and events. The project has led to Lee being made a fellow of international design, technology and ideas conference TED2011.

The production of bacterial cellulose is straightforward. A mother culture of bacteria and yeast is introduced into a sweetened green tea solution and the resulting fermentation prompts the bacteria to produce a sheet of cellulose at the liquid's surface. "The whole thing has been grown and coloured in a vat of liquid as opposed to a field of cotton," Lee says about the shirts, jackets and kimonos that BioCouture has produced.

Publicity surrounding the project has focused upon its science-fiction element - fevered imaginings of frocks rising from frothing vats of liquid are undoubtedly striking. However, at present the cellulose is not grown directly into clothing shapes; instead it acquires shape either through being moulded over a dress form, or through conventional sewing and stitching. The clothes feel like vegetable leather and look like creamy, worn vellum.

"In a way it's not about fashion at all. It's not to do with trend; I haven't even pushed it in the direction of exploring extreme shape or trying to push a new aesthetic," says Lee.

The project's legacy will likely lie in its environmental, rather than fashion, credentials. The production of bacterial cellulose requires minimal resources and involves no petrochemicals; the cellulose itself is biodegradable.

Such an emphasis upon the ethical has slowed BioCouture's practical impact. The highly absorbent bacterial cellulose reduces to a gelatinous mass if worn in rain. One solution, the addition of a petrochemical-based, waterproof nanocoat, is a step Lee refuses to take: "I genuinely believe that there's got to be a way of keeping it organic and the technology will be out there to do that."

BioCouture is a refreshing oddity - a fashion project that is not a fashion project; a designer avoiding design solutions. Lee, who is a senior research fellow at Central Saint Martins College of Art & Design in London, hesitates when asked about her relation to mainstream fashion. "Fashion has changed a lot in the past few years and we've gotten into this fast fashion, cheap high street nonsense. It felt more and more unpalatable to me, and the more that I learned about these alternatives, the more I felt I could never go back into that world and not feel like I have a responsibility as a designer."

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London designer Suzanne Lee's clothes are made from sheets of cellulose grown from bacteria and yeast - could this be the path to environmentally friendly fashion?

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Iris Van Herpen and her groundbreaking and futuristic approach to the world of fashion, Iris Van Herpen has emerged as an influential designer. She seamlessly merges the realms of art, technology, and fashion in a manner that defies conventional boundaries. By exploring the concept of body adornment through her designs, she exemplifies how clothing can transcend its utilitarian purpose.

Leveraging cutting-edge technologies such as 3D printing enables her to fabricate garments that appear alive on one's body - evolving and transforming like living organisms.

In essence, Van Herpen's visionary pieces extend beyond mere wearable articles; they become extensions of our physical selves by blurring traditional demarcations separating fashion from both artistry and human form. Consequently, it is within this context that we perceive Iris van Herpen's revolutionary contributions as not only redefining but also questioning the very nature of sartorial embellishment itself.

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Fierce, feathered and fragile: how Alexander McQueen made fashion an art

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From his lethal glass corsets to magnificent Manga-style helmets to his use of giant antlers, Alexander McQueen’s designs reveal his vulnerability as much as his artistry, as a major new exhibition at the V&A shows. By Bee Wilson

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Dog: puppy with achondroplasia (condition affecting bone growth)

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Rebecca Horn is a German contemporary artist known for her diverse body of work, including installations, sculptures, and performances. Born on March 24, 1944, in Michelstadt, Germany, she gained international recognition in the 1970s.

Horn's art often explores themes of time, space, and the human body, incorporating kinetic elements and unconventional materials. She has exhibited her work worldwide and has received numerous awards for her contributions to contemporary art.

Rebecca Horn's influence on fashion is particularly evident in her exploration of body adornment and internal-external dynamics, offering a unique lens for innovative design concepts.

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In her "Unicorn" series, Horn reimagines the human form with wearable sculptures that challenge traditional fashion boundaries. Delicate extensions adorn the body, blurring the lines between art and apparel, inviting designers to reconsider the transformative potential of wearables.

Horn's "The Feathered Prison Fan" serves as a captivating metaphor in the fashion realm. The fan, adorned with feathers in a cage-like structure, symbolizes the complex interplay between confinement and liberation—a theme that resonates within the fashion landscape, where garments can simultaneously reveal and conceal aspects of identity.

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Lee Miller (1907–1977) was an American photographer and fashion model. She became a prominent Surrealist artist in the 1930s, collaborating with Man Ray. During World War II, Miller worked as a war correspondent, documenting powerful images from the front lines. Post-war, she continued her career in photography, covering various subjects.

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Miller's legacy lies in her versatile contributions to both fashion and photojournalism, making her a pioneering figure in 20th-century photography.

Lee Miller's photography engages with the themes of body adornment and the interplay between internal and external elements, offering a unique perspective that transcends conventional boundaries. During her time as a war correspondent in World War II,

Miller's lens captured profound moments of human resilience and vulnerability. Her images from the front lines juxtaposed the brutality of war with glimpses of humanity, highlighting the stark contrast between the internal experiences of individuals and the external chaos surrounding them.

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Miller's post-war photography continued to delve into the complexities of identity and self-expression. Through her lens, she explored the nuances of fashion, portraiture, and domestic life, offering a rich tapestry of images that reflect the intricate relationships between the internal and external aspects of the human experience.

Overall, Miller's body of work provides a compelling exploration of how photography can intersect with the realms of body adornment and internal-external dynamics, offering a visual narrative that goes beyond the surface to reveal deeper layers of meaning.

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The Chapman Brothers, Jake and Dino’s, created "Exquisite Corpses," a series of collaborative sculptures that merge individual body parts into grotesque and surreal forms. This body of work is characterized by its fragmented and disfigured figures, showcasing a fusion of disparate limbs and torsos. The sculptures reflect the Surrealist technique of exquisite corpse drawing, where each collaborator adds to a composition without seeing the previous contributions.

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Shift souls collection, 2019 January 21st

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In the context of body adornment or internal-external exploration, the "Exquisite Corpses" series challenges traditional notions of the human form. The fragmented and distorted bodies evoke a sense of disquiet, questioning societal ideals of beauty and completeness.

This provocative approach to the body may be interpreted as a commentary on the external pressures and internal conflicts individuals face in conforming to societal standards. The Chapman Brothers' work thus prompts viewers to reconsider the relationships between body, identity, and societal expectations.

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André Breton, a key figure in the Surrealist movement, is associated with the invention of the "Exquisite Corpse" drawing technique. The method involves multiple participants contributing to a collective artwork without seeing the preceding segments. Typically, one person draws the head, folds the paper to conceal it, and passes it to the next artist to draw the torso, and so on. The result is a surprising and often absurd composite figure.

In the context of body adornment or internal-external exploration, Breton's Exquisite Corpse reflects Surrealism's fascination with the subconscious and the unconventional. The fragmented and disconnected nature of the drawings challenges conventional representations of the body, opening avenues for interpretation.

While not directly related to body adornment, the Exquisite Corpse method does relate to internal-external dynamics by disrupting the expected unity of the human form. It invites contemplation on the fluidity of identity and challenges perceptions of bodily coherence, sparking discussions about the intersection of internal experiences and external appearances.

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Nick Cave, in addition to his musical career, has made notable contributions to the visual arts. He is particularly recognized for his "Soundsuits," a series of sculptural, wearable artworks that blend elements of fashion, sculpture, and performance.

These elaborate and often whimsical suits are crafted from a diverse range of materials, including buttons, beads, feathers, and more. Cave's art challenges conventional notions of identity, inviting viewers to consider the transformative power of costume and the expressive potential of the human body. Nick Cave's visual artistry complements his musical creativity, collectively contributing to a multidimensional and immersive artistic legacy.

Nick Cave's art, particularly his renowned "Soundsuits," explores the intersection of sculpture and body adornment. These whimsical, elaborate suits, crafted from a myriad of materials, transcend traditional concepts of fashion by transforming the wearer into a living, breathing sculpture.

The Soundsuits conceal identity, inviting viewers to ponder the expressive and transformative nature of costume on the human form. Through intricate details and diverse textures, Cave's art challenges conventional notions of how the body can be adorned, blurring the lines between fashion and sculpture.

In doing so, he prompts contemplation on individuality, diversity, and the visual language of self-expression through wearable art.

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Hannah Höch (1889–1978) was a German Dada artist and pioneer in photomontage. Born in Gotha, Germany, she played a significant role in the Berlin Dada movement during the early 20th century. Höch's work often focused on gender issues, societal norms, and political commentary. She is renowned for her innovative use of collage techniques, particularly photomontage, to create thought-provoking and satirical compositions. Höch's art challenged traditional gender roles and societal expectations, making her a key figure in the avant-garde art scene.

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Hannah Höch's work, particularly her innovative use of photomontage, doesn't directly emphasize body adornment but does explore the internal-external dynamic and societal expectations related to gender roles. In her collages, Höch often combined and juxtaposed images of body parts, creating fragmented and surreal representations. This fragmentation can be interpreted as a commentary on the societal pressures and expectations placed on the human form, particularly on women.

By manipulating and recontextualizing images, Höch challenged conventional notions of beauty and identity, highlighting the external societal influences on internal experiences. While not explicitly about body adornment, her work delves into the complex relationships between the internal self and external perceptions, making a profound statement on the impact of societal constructs on individual identity and expression.

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Yayoi Kusama is a Japanese contemporary artist born on March 22, 1929, known for her avant-garde and immersive artworks. A prominent figure in the pop and minimalist art movements, Kusama is particularly recognized for her use of polka dots, pumpkins, and mirrored rooms.

Her work often blurs the boundaries between art and life, employing various mediums, including painting, sculpture, and installations. Kusama's art is deeply influenced by her experiences with mental health, and she has become a leading figure in the contemporary art world, with her immersive Infinity Mirror Rooms gaining international acclaim.

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In my body adornment and internal-external project, I drew inspiration from Yayoi Kusama's mesmerizing use of circles in her art. I created circles that played with light, crafting illusions on a clear background. The repetition of these circles, especially when illuminated, aimed to evoke a sense of infinity and introspection, echoing Kusama's fascination with pattern and the infinite.

Much like Kusama's iconic polka dots covering surfaces, my project utilized circles as a powerful visual element that goes beyond mere aesthetics. The play of light and the illusionary effect in my photos aimed to capture a transformative and immersive experience, mirroring the essence of Kusama's renowned Infinity Mirror Rooms

. Through this exploration of circles and light, my work delves into a universal language, symbolizing depth,     and a captivating dialogue between internal and external realms, aligning with Kusama's enduring artistic themes.

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This was taken at the natural history museum.

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Natural history museum

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