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Morphology is how words are created and can be broken down into smaller parts

Morphemes are the smallest unit of sound, and there are two types of morphemes- closed classes and open classes.

Closed Classes- words or morphemes that have the same form every time they are used. For example pronouns, you or I.

Open Classes- words or morphemes that can change, the change that takes place depends on grammar and context.

(Adams, Foorman, Lundberg, Beeler, n.d.)

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Phonology is the study of our language systems, specific to how language sounds.

Sounds interact with another through vowels and consonants. Vowels- a,e,i,o,u, sometimes y
Consonants- b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,z

Syllables are the building blocks of words and is an integral part to building phonology skills.

Phonemes-  unit of sound, English has 44 phonemes.

Phonemic Awareness- knowledge of phonemes and the sounds that phonemes make when blended together

Phonics- specific reading skills that are taught to improve reading fluency and comprehension

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Why is morphology and phonology important? 

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Why is morphology and phonology important? 

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Morphology
Morphology impacts a students reading comprehension, vocabulary comprehension, read aloud skills- pronunciation, spelling, and phonological awareness; speech sounds.

By being intentional with how one teaches morphology to learners, we can positively impact the learning outcomes in the above areas, and improve reading comprehension and vocabulary knowledge.

(Zeh, n.d.)

Phonology
Phonology impacts students ability to read, and spell. Written language is often directly related to spoken language. By building a students phonology, phonological awareness, and phonemic awareness we are able to teach students the letter-sound relationships and improve oral reading skills, speaking skills, and overall reading and comprehension skills.

Early skills in phonemic awareness can predict future success in reading and spelling skills.

(Moats & Tolman, 2009)

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1. Word Ladders
2. Teach Your Monster To Read
3. IXL
4. Explicit Phonics Instruction: Hegarty, Rewards, etc.

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1. Teach students about sight words, how to read them, write them, and what they mean.

2. Affix concentration Game

(Adams, Foorman, Lundberg, Beeler, n.d.)

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1. Sentences Stems
2. Graphic Organizers
3. Vocabulary word bank
4. Spanish/English Dictionaries
5. Color Coding
6. Fill in The Blank

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At Home Activities to Build Morphology and Phonology 

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At Home Activities to Build Morphology and Phonology 

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Phonology
1.Alliteration
Example: Brain storm as many words that end with "ing"
2. Swap Sounds out for different sounds
Example: Remove the sound "K" in Cat, and replace it with "M", what is the new word?
3. Rhyme Time
Example: Provide student with a word, and ask them to find as many words that rhyme.
4. Word Families
Example: Brainstorm as many words that have -ed as an ending
5. I Spy Beginning Sounds
Example: I spy something that starts with the sound "ch"

(Reading Rockets, n.d.)

Morphology
1.  Ceiling Spiders
Example: Create a word spider with the root word- photo
Photography
Photosynthesis
Photograph

2. IXL
-Word part games on IXL

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Morphology
IXL- a program that provides games and resources to work on building words utilizing open classes and closes classes morphemes as well as prefixes, suffixes, and roots.

Phonology
Teach Your Monster To Read- a program that works to teach early phonics skills to improve students overall reading skills.

Syntax

Turtle Games- A game that works to develop the learner's ability to write complex sentences.

Semantics-

SALT- a game that works to support semantics in writing

Pragmatics - Study.com, provides a game as an activity

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Teach Your Monster: Free Phonics, Reading and Mathematics Games

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Help children learn with our free, award-winning reading, mathematics and phonics games.

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English Language Proficiency Standards Impact

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English Language Proficiency Standards Impact

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There are four strands of language that are tested to measure English proficiency.

Reading, Writing, Speaking, and Listening.

In order for an English Language Learner to be identified as proficient in their English Language Skills, they must pass meet a minimum score in each of these four domains.

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Syntax is how words and sentences are arranged together

If words are not arranged in a sensical order, the learner will be more likely to misunderstand the sentence or construct an inaccurate meaning of the sentence.

(Reynolds, Dikilitas, Close, 2022)

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Syntax is important because without it, sentences would not make sense and it would become very easy for people to become confused with others language.

For example:

Walked the dog I.

This does not follow the traditional rules of a sentence, it does not have a subject followed by a predicate, followed by a direct object.

To correctly write the sentence we would write: I walked the dog.

This tells us who, what they did, and the object that received the action.

Additionally, the order does not allow for full comprehension of the sentence.

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Semantics is best known as the meaning of words by themselves without context.

(Reynolds, Dikilitas, Close, 2022)

For example the word cat; one would simply picture a cat. Whereas, if there is context. The cat is sitting on the table. Now one would picture a cat sitting on the table.

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Pragmatics is best known as the meaning of words within context.

(Reynolds, Dikilitas, Close, 2022)

For example, It's raining cats and dogs.

We must determine what the word raining means, while understanding that it does not rain cats and dogs. We must then understand that raining cats and dogs means that it is raining very hard, which is the meaning of this word in the context it is used.

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Why is semantics and pragmatics important? 

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Why is semantics and pragmatics important? 

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Semantics and pragmatics are important to comprehension.

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Activities At Home To Support Syntax, Pragmatics, and Semantics

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Activities At Home To Support Syntax, Pragmatics, and Semantics

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Syntax

1. Sort items into categories

2. Which one doesn't belong?

3. Synonyms

4. Word Families

(Admin,2013)

Pragmatics

1. Comic strip conversations

2. Speech bubbles

3. Role Play

(Admin, 2013)

Semantics

1. Model correct grammar

2. Reorganize sentences

3. Verb Change

4. Cloze- verbs, adjectives, adverbs

(Admin, 2013)

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ACTFL- Professional Learning Events

Morpheme Magic

Orton Gillinham

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World-class learning delivered by expert facilitators for busy professionals