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Episodic memory - located in the hippocampus. Is a memory of something that happened in your life. It can be recent or from a long time ago.

could be a memory of when you received your high school diploma, how you felt during your last argument, or a phone call that you had.

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Semantic memory- stored as long term memory in the temporal lobe. refers to "facts you learn in school, definitions of new words, people places, phone numbers. Also can include feelings."(Psychology today staff , 2025)

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Procedural memory- is part of long term memory. Located in the cerebellum. This is how we do things like ride a bike or make our favorite meal.

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Short term memory- Located in the frontal lobe of the brain, refers to something that happened briefly "memory being manipulated by the brain. information that can be used in that moment."(Psychology today staff , 2025)

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Sensory memory- is located in the occipital Parietal, and temporal lobe. refers to a memory of how something, feels, smells, tastes, or sounds you hear. This is part short term memory, Examples "possibly of a movie you saw, a restaurant you passed, or a car that passed by." (Psychology today staff , 2025)

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Prospective memory - located in the hippocampus is using information from the past to help complete a task in the future. Examples include "calling someone back, paying bills, or stopping at the store on the way home." ((Psychology today staff , 2025)

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if you want to keep your memory studies have shown that "being active 2-3 times per week will help keep white matter, and prevent your brain from shrinking."(Marshall 2022.) but you must be consistent with your workout. We do not want to take away a students PE or recess time. They need this time to help grow their brain.

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Long Term Memory- Located in the Cortex- has an unlimited capacity for information. Long term memory is broken into two categories. "Explicit memory uses the conscious recollection of information, experiences, and concepts. Implicit memory is unconscious memory or performing activities without having to think about them, such as riding a bike." (DiTullio, 2021.)

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"The assignment of sense and meaning to new learning can occur only if the learner has adequate time to process and reprocess it. This continuing reprocessing of information is called rehearsal."( Sousa 2022). which helps transfer memory from short-term to long term memory. I believe this is also why we need to give students immediate or timely feedback.

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This video shows activities you can use in your classroom to engage the brain. I really enjoyed the first activity shown where students are writing letters in the sand, I also use the magnetic letters in my classroom at a word works station so they can manipulate the letters instead of just writing on paper. (Jones, 2023).

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Multisensory Activities for Literacy and Math in Kindergarten, First, and Second Grade

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Teach new material first. If we want students to remember what they learned than Susa says " New information or a new skill should be taught first, during prime-time-1, because it is most likely to be remembered. Keep in mind that the students will remember almost any information coming forth at this time." (Sousa, 2022).

Prime time 1 is the first 10-20 minutes of a lesson. If I want students to learn it then the best time to practice the skill is in that brief window. After that window then you must begin to think of how you can get the 15-20 exposures of that skill for the students so it becomes part of their long term memory.

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All parts of the brain are affected by trauma.

If someone experiences trauma they may struggle with problem solving.

Prefrontal cortex is less active in those who experience trauma which means it is harder to take in new information.

Fight or flight response is more active

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In those with "PTSD your nervous system is in overdrive",(Lebow 2021), therefore the amount of stress you can handle becomes less and less. Your flight or fight response will be set off by smaller events, and it becomes harder for you to regulate back to normal.

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Meditation is a way to train your brain to focus, "mindfulness meditation (even when practiced a few minutes each day) changes brain structure. Those areas that are responsible for helping us remember things more vividly, focus better and improve self-awareness are boosted." (Mendel 2025)

I use breathing excersises with my students they trace a cupcake with their finger, as they trace the cupcake they follow written directions on when to breathe in and out.