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This photo shows when the Germans tried to occupy Denmark. Danish soldiers tried to fight back and resist the invasion. Although, ultimately the Danish government surrendered, and Hitler took power over Danish Jews.

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At the beginning of WWII, Denmark was neutral. They didn’t take a side in the Holocaust. In April of 1940, Germany tried to occupy Denmark. Denmark refused at first but realized Germany was too powerful and surrendered. After they surrendered, different organizations in Denmark started resisting. After the holocaust began to become a larger issue Denmark decided they wanted to go against the Nazis and Hitler. Also, they Established new Danish resistance groups such as the BOPA and they started to help the Jews.

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When Germany occupied Denmark (April 9, 1940), the Jewish population was around 7,500 (0.2% of the country's total population). Around 6,000 of these Jews were Danish citizens, and the rest were German and Eastern European refugees. Many Jews lived in the capital and largest city, Copenhagen, before the Holocaust occurred and Hitler took power over Jews including Danish Jews.

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This photo shows a group of Danish resistors destroying a swastika flag. This is them standing up against the German Nazi group and resisting them and their actions.

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This is the photo of a Danish Rabbi who warned Danish Jews about the Nazis coming to take them, and this was one of his acts of resistance. Also, he resisted against the Nazis and set up a network to try and defy Hitler.

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This video represtents not only Danish resistance during the Holocaust, but also how most of Denmarks Jews survived the Holocaust.

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Why almost all of Denmark's Jews survived the Holocaust

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The Act of Resistance:

In 1942, the illegal Communist Party (BOPA, which stands for Bourgeois Partisans) began to organize sabotage cells across the country. Holger Danske was a group formed in Copenhagen in 1942 and they resisted by sabotaging the Nazis throughout the holocaust.

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This artifact is an armband that the Danish Resistor groups would wear. The armband showed that they were a part of the Danish Resistance, and against the Nazis and Hitler.

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The Material Law was established in August of 1943. This law stated that it "involved the temporary substitution of the military for civilian rule". This took place when Hitler and the Nazis were trying to get the Danish Jews Deported. Many Danish people resisted and hid Jews to help them escape from this deportation.

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This was a Danish rescue boat that the Danes used to transport Danish refugees out of German-occupied Denmark. It was named "Sunshine" and transported Jews to neutral Sweden. There were many groups that used boats to help save Jews and resist against Hitler and the Holocaust.

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Danish resistance laws: In Denmark, they didn't follow Hiltler’s rules, and Jewish people were allowed to own homes, keep assets, not wear a Jewish star, and more. However not following Hilter’s laws didn't stop Denmark Jews from being taken. Although, Danish Jews being taken didn't stop people from saving them and resisting the Nazis and Hitler.

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Describe the Impact: The Danish resistance groups evacuated 7,200-7,800 of the Denmark Jews, and 686 non-Jewish spouses by sea and other ways. Around 4,500 German and European Jewish refugees were saved, and around 3,000 of the arrivals were known as "Chalutizm", which is the Hebrew word for prisoners.

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This image shows Danish agents of a resistant group (BOPA) sabotaging German trucks. The BOPA was one of the largest Danish resisting groups for the Danish Jews during the Holocaust. Also, they often acted against Hitler and the Nazis and hide and saved Jews.

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This photo shows a group of Danish soldiers on the morning the Nazis invaded Denmark. They tried to resist and fight back, but all of them died in the invasion.

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Here is a picture of the BOPA resistance. Weapons were scarce but they managed to get guns and are ready to sabotage the Nazis and resist against them.

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Here is a piece of testimony from Preben Munch-Nielsen, he was part of the Danish Resistance. He talks about the responsibility of helping his Jewish citizens, and resisting against the Nazi group.

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Germany occupied Denmark in 1940. When the Germans decided to deport Jews from Denmark in August 1943, Danes organized a rescue operation and helped Jews reach the coast. Fishermen then ferried them to neutral Sweden. The rescue operation wanted to include the participation of the Danish resistance, the police, and the government. In little more than three weeks, the Danes ferried more than 7,000 Jews and close to 700 of their non-Jewish relatives to Sweden, which accepted the Danish refugees.

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This is King Christian X of Denmark, and he was a resistor of Hitler and his ideaology. He decided to wear the yellow Star of David in support of the Jews. After those actions, the rest of Denmark citizens chose to do the same.

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1: What is the significance of the Photos?

2: How many people did the Danish save?

3: In what ways did the Danish Resist?

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CONSOLATION GROOK

Losing one glove
is certainly painful,
but nothing
compared to the pain,
of losing one,
throwing away the other,
and finding
the first one again.

The meaning of the Grook was that even if you lose your freedom (losing one glove), do not lose your patriotism and self-respect by turning to the Nazis (throwing away the other), because that sense of betraying your country will be more painful when freedom has been gained back