# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		 Yersinia enterocolitica Biochemical Reactions
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		 Yersinia enterocolitica Biochemical Reactions
	

# data[].attributes.body
Mr. Trivedi’s distinctive human energy has altered the Yersinia enterocolitica biochemical reactions along with the antibiotic susceptibility. Visit to get more information about the test and results.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		 Changes in Yersinia Enterocolitica Antibiotic Susceptibility
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		 Changes in Yersinia Enterocolitica Antibiotic Susceptibility
	

# data[].attributes.body
Want to know how Yersinia enterocolitica’ Antibiotic Susceptibility can be altered? Visit to read this research paper about the energy that has changed the biochemical characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Impact of an external energy on Yersinia enterocolitica [ATCC -23715] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions: An experimental study

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
While spiritual and mental energies are known to man, their impact has never been scientifically measurable in the material world and they remain outside the domain of science. The present experiments on Yersinia enterocolitica [ATCC -23715], report

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Biofield Treatment & Biochemical Characteristics of Yersinia Enterocolitica
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Biofield Treatment & Biochemical Characteristics of Yersinia Enterocolitica
	

# data[].attributes.body
This recent research paper has highlighted the impact of human biofield treatment on the Characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica. Read here for more details.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Research on Yersinia Enterocolitica Characteristics
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Research on Yersinia Enterocolitica Characteristics
	

# data[].attributes.body
A research conducted on Yersinia enterocolitica reported the effects of spiritual energy treatment on its biochemical characteristics. Follow the link for more information.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Yersinia Enterocolitica Biochemical Test/Study – Impact of External Energy
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Yersinia Enterocolitica Biochemical Test/Study – Impact of External Energy
	

# data[].attributes.body
In this paper, the impact of spiritual energy on Yersinia enterocolitica, in revived and lyophilized state, with respect to its antibiotic susceptibility pattern along with biochemical properties is reported.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Impact of an external energy on Yersinia enterocolitica [ATCC -23715] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions: An experimental study" by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Background: While spiritual and mental energies are known to man, their impact has never been scientifically measurable in the material world and they remain outside the domain of science. The present experiments on Yersinia enterocolitica [ATCC -23715], report the effects of such energy transmitted through a person, Mahendra Trivedi, which has produced an impact measurable in scientifically rigorous manner.

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		Yersinia Enterocolitica Biochemical Test/Study – Impact of External Energy
	

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		Yersinia Enterocolitica Biochemical Test/Study – Impact of External Energy
	

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	 Physical, Thermal & Structural Properties of Chromium Vi Oxide
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	 Physical, Thermal & Structural Properties of Chromium Vi Oxide
	

# data[].attributes.body
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of unique energy treatment on physical, thermal and structural properties of Chromium Vi Oxide Powder.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physical, Thermal and Structural Properties of Chromium (vi) Oxide Powder:Impact of Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The objective of the present study was to analyse the alterations in physical, thermal and structural properties of Chromium VI Oxide powder under the influen...

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	Biochemical Studies of Antibiogram of MDR Isolates of P. Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	Biochemical Studies of Antibiogram of MDR Isolates of P. Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.body
Biochemical study of antibiogram of MDR Isolates of P. aeruginosa showed a 48.48% change in tested biofield treated biochemical reactions out of 33 as compared to untreated samples

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Please enable JavaScript to view the comments powered by Disqus.

Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after

1Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA

2Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Road, Madhya Pradesh, India

Copyright:© 2015 Trivedi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,

distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

In recent years, prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) has been

noticed with high morbidity and mortality. Aim of the present study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi's

biofield treatment on MDR clinical lab isolates (LS) of P. aeruginosa. Five MDR clinical lab isolates (LS 22, LS 23, LS

38, LS 47, and LS 58) of P. aeruginosa were taken and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated.

Control and treated group were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration

(MIC), biochemical study and biotype number using MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The analysis was done on day

10 after biofield treatment as compared with control group. Antimicrobial sensitivity assay showed 60% alteration in

sensitivity of tested antimicrobials in MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa after biofield treatment. MIC results showed an

alteration in 42.85% tested antimicrobials out of twenty eight after biofield treatment in five isolates of MDR P.

aeruginosa. Biochemical study showed a 48.48% change in tested biochemical reactions out of thirty three as

compared to control. A significant change in biotype numbers was reported in three clinical lab isolates of MDR P.

aeruginosa out of five, after biofield treatment as compared to respective control. On the basis of changed biotype

number (7302 0052) in biofield treated LS 23, new organism was identified as Citrobacter freundii as compared to

control (0206 3336). A very rare biotype number (7400 4263) was found in biofield treated LS 38, as compared to

control (0206 3736). Study results suggest that biofield treatment on lab isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa has

significant effect on the antimicrobial sensitivity, MIC values, biochemical reactions and biotype number. Biofield

treatment might prevent the emergence of absolute resistance pattern of useful antimicrobials against MDR isolates

; Bioeld treatment; Multidrug-

resistant; Antimicrobial susceptibility; Biochemical reaction; Biotyping

Antimicrobial agents are widely used therapeutic option against

infections caused by pathogenic microbes. However, through dierent

strategies and mechanism, these microorganisms combat the eect of

antimicrobial agents, as multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical strains are

the best example world-wide.

is a ubiquitous, gram-negative bacterium and versatile opportunistic

pathogen, associated with nosocomial infections along w ith other

serious implications with high rate of morbidity and mortality [1].

Increasing resistant towards the available antimicrobials preclude the

eectiveness of any antimicrobial regimen [2,3]. B ecause of increasing

P.

isolates in health care setting, infections are

dicult to treat, causing life threating conditions [4].

one of the major pathogen related with hospital acquired infections

nosocomial infection surveillance system of center for disease control

is se cond most common cause of

nosocomial pneumonia, third most common in nosocomial urinary

bacteraemia [6]. MDR mechanism in

acquisition of resistance genes (β-lactamases) or b ecause of amino-

mutation involved against antimicrobials [8].

Despite of several advances in medical sciences, ne w generation

inhibiting the growth of bacterial cultures [10]. Bioeld is the name

surrounds living organisms. However, the energy can exists in several

forms such as kinetic, potential, electrical, magnetic, and nuclear.

chemical information in the form of electr ical signals. us, human

has the ability to harness the energy from environment or universe and

can transmit into any living or nonliving object(s) around the globe.

e objects always receive the energy and responding into useful way

[11,12], but very less controlled and experimental studies on bioeld

According to law of mass-energy inter-conversion [14], the conversion

of mass into energy is well stabilized, but its inversion

mass has not yet proved scientically. Whenever electrical signals

uctuate with time, the magnetic eld generates as per the Ampere-

Maxwell law, and cumulatively known as electromagnetic eld. Mr.

physicochemical and atomic characteristics of various materials. Mr.

Infectious Diseases & TherapyTrivedi et al., J Infect Dis Ther 2015, 3:5

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000244

Research ArticleOpen Access

ISSN:2332-0877 JIDT, an open access journalVolume 3 * Issue 5 * 1000244

Trivedi's bioeld treatment had been studied and reported in altering

the antimicrobial susceptibility and biochemical reactions of microbes

against tested antimicrobials [15-17]. It has also signicantly reported

in eld of material science [18-20]. Bioeld treated crops had been

reported for a signicant change on growth, characteristics and yield of

plants [21-24]. Present study reports the impact of bioeld treatment

, for its antimicrobial susceptibility

biochemical reactions, and biotyping.

Experimental design and bioeld treatment

MDR clinical lab isolates (

LS 22, LS 23, LS 38, LS 47, and LS 58)

Microbiology Lab, Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai. Each MDR lab isolates

was divided into two groups

control and treatment. Treatment

group, in sealed pack were handed over to Mr. Trivedi for bioeld

treatment through his energy transmission process to the treated

were returned in the similar sealed condition for further analysis on

reactions, and biotype number were measured by MicroScan Walk-

Away® (Dade Behring Inc., USA) with respect to control group. All

antimicrobials and biochemicals were procured from Sigma-Aldrich,

USA.

Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility assay

P.

was studied using MicroScan Walk-Away® using Negative

Break Point Combo (NBPC 30) panel as per manufacturer's

instructions. e antimicrobial susceptibility pattern (S: Susceptible, I:

Intermediate, IB: Inducible β-lactamase; and R: Resistant) and MIC

concentration showing growth inhibition [25]. e antimicrobials used

in the susceptibility assay viz. amikacin, amoxicillin/K-clavulanate,

clavulanate, tobramycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

determined by MicroScan Walk-Away® using NBPC 30 panel system in

both control and t reated groups [25]. Biochemicals used in the study

are acetamide, adonitol, arabinose, arginine, cetrimide, cephalothin,

citrate, colistin, esculin hydrolysis, nitrofurantoin, glucose, hydrogen

penicillin, ranose, rhamnose, sorbitol, sucrose, t artrate, tryptophan

deaminase, tobramycin, urea, and Voges-Proskauer.

Identication by biotype number

e biotype number of MDR isolates of

treated sample were determined followed by identication of

microorganism by MicroScan Walk-Away® processed panel data report

with the help of biochemical reaction data [25].

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern

e sensitivity pattern of MDR isolates of

pseudomonal antimicrobials agents are demonstrated in Table 1. All

Aztreonam (R → I in LS 22), cefepime (R → S in LS 23 and R → I in LS

47), imipenem (R → I in LS 58) and meropenem (R → S in LS 23 and R

→ I in LS 58) showed increased antimicrobial sensitivity pattern aer

antimicrobials also showed decrease in MIC values in treated group

ceriaxone antimicrobials changed from R → IB, while piperacillin

changed from IB → R and ticarcillin/K-clavulanate changed from IB →

I in LS 23. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of bioeld treated LS 38

piperacillin/tazobactam, and ticarcillin/K-clavulanate, and in case of

aztreonam and ceriaxone sensitivity changed from I → R, while S → R,

in case of cefepime. Bioeld treated LS 47 showed changed sensitivity

ticarcillin/K-clavulanate antimicrobials. Piperacillin showed changed

antimicrobial sensitivity pattern from R → IB in bioeld treated LS 58.

tobramycin antimicrobials did not show any change in sensitivity

pattern in bioeld treated clinical isolates of

AmikacinR RS S R R R R R R

CiprofloxacinR RR R R R R R R R

GentamicinR RR R R R R R R R

LevofloxacinR RR R R R R R R R

Piperacillin/tazobactamR R IB IB IB R R IB IB IB

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas

ISSN:2332-0877 JIDT, an open access journalVolume 3 * Issue 5 * 1000244

TobramycinR RR R R R R R R R

C: Control; T: Treatment; LS: Lab Isolate; R: Resistant; I: Intermediate; S:

Susceptible; IB: Inducible β-lactamases

multidrug resistant isolates of

P.

. Increasing antimicrobial resistance against various anti-

pseudomonal drugs in clinical isolates, has been reported world-wide

[26,27] which leads to a serious therapeutic problem. e resistance

showed varying degrees of resistance to

imipenem in recent years [28]. Obritsch

were well supported with literature data [29].

imipenem, and meropenem, antimicrobial sensitivity was improved

aerbioeld treatment in clinical MDR isolates.

Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration

MIC values of all the clinical MDR is olates of control and bioeld

are summarized in Table 2. O verall, 13 out of 28

tested antimicrobial (42.85%) reported with altered MIC values aer

bioeld energy treatment in clinical MDR isolates of

MIC values were decreased four fold in ceriaxone (less than equal to

8 µg/ml) and two fold in six antimicrobials

treatment in LS 23 isolate. Other isolates were also showed decreased

MIC values in tested antimicrobials such as aztreonam (16 µg/ml in LS

22), cefepime (16 µg/ml in LS 47), imipenem (8 µg/ml in LS 58),

meropenem (8 µg/ml in LS 58), nitrofurantoin (64 µg/ml in LS 23),

piperacillin/tazobactam (64 µg/ml in LS 47), and piperacillin (64 µg/ml

increased MIC values in treated LS 38. Piperacillin (in LS 23) and

ticarcillin/K-clavulante (in LS 47) also showed slight increase in MIC

values as compared to control (Table 2). Rest of antimicrobials did not

Amoxicillin/K-clavulanate>16/8 >16/8 >16/8 >16/8 >16/8 >16/8 >16/8 >16/8 >16/8 >16/8

Ampicillin/sulbactam>16/8 >16/8 >16/8 >16/8 >16/8 >16/8 >16/8 >16/8 >16/8 >16/8

Ampicillin>16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16

Cefazolin>16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16

Cefotaxime>32 >32 >32 >32 >32 >32 >32 >32 >32 >32

Cefoxitin>16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16

Cefuroxime>16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16

Cephalothin>16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16 >16

Ciprofloxacin>2 >2 >2 >2 >2 >2 >2 >2 >2 >2

Gentamicin>8 >8 >8 >8 >8 >8 >8 >8 >8 >8

Levofloxacin>4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4 >4

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas

ISSN:2332-0877 JIDT, an open access journalVolume 3 * Issue 5 * 1000244

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after Biofield Treatment - PdfSR.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In recent years, prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) has been noticed with high morbidity and mortality. Aim of the present study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment on MDR clinical lab isolates (LS) of P. aeruginosa.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		 Biofield Impact on Biochemical Characteristics of P. Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		 Biofield Impact on Biochemical Characteristics of P. Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.body
Experimental results of biofield impact showed altered biochemical characteristics of P. aeruginosa. It positively affects the antimicrobial sensitivity, MIC values, biochemical reactions & biotype number of MDR Isolates of P. aeruginosa.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
multidrug resistant isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
biochemical studies of mdr isolates of p. aeruginosa

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after Biofield Treatment" by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In recent years, prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) has been noticed with high morbidity and mortality. Aim of the present study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment on MDR clinical lab isolates (LS) of P. aeruginosa.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	Biofield Study of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	Biofield Study of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.body
Mr. Mahendra Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment was studied on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and the report suggests the alterations in antimicrobial susceptibility and biochemical reactions in clinical MDR lab isolates of P. aeruginosa.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		
	
	




	
	
		Biofield Study of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		
	
	




	
	
		Biofield Study of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Biochemical Studies of MDR Isolates of P. Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Biochemical Studies of MDR Isolates of P. Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.body
Biochemical Studies of MDR Isolates of P. aeruginosa was conducted to analyze the impact of Biofield Treatment. Read more information about the test and results.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Biofield & Biochemical Characteristics of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Biofield & Biochemical Characteristics of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.body
Biofield treatment on lab isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa has the significant effects on the biochemical characteristics. Read here for more details.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
In recent years, prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) has been noticed with high morbidity and mortality. Aim of the present study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment on MDR

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Biochemical Tests on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Biochemical Tests on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.body
Biochemical tests or studies of MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa were determined by MicroScan Walk-Away® in both Biofield treated and untreated samples to identify the impact of Biofield effect.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Biofield Impact on MDR Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Biofield Impact on MDR Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
	

# data[].attributes.body
The aim of this study is to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on MDR clinical lab isolates (LS) of P. aeruginosa. Follow the link for more information.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - An Independent Researcher
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - An Independent Researcher
	

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi is recognized throughout the world for his ability to transmit a powerful form of energy known as the Trivedi Effect®. Follow him to know more!

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Mahendra Kumar Trivedi Inspirational Videos | Vimeo
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Mahendra Kumar Trivedi Inspirational Videos | Vimeo
	

# data[].attributes.body
A large number of people have experienced greater levels of happiness, love, compassion, motivation, indescribable peace, inspiration, intuition, spirituality, enthusiasm. Join Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and subscribe his official channel page on Vimeo.

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Videos about "mahendra kumar trivedi" on Vimeo

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
There are 0 videos about "mahendra kumar trivedi" on Vimeo, the home for high quality videos and the people who love them.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Mahendra Kumar Trivedi | ResearcherID.com
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Mahendra Kumar Trivedi | ResearcherID.com
	

# data[].attributes.body
Know about Mahendra Trivedi’s tremendous scientific researches in the field of agriculture, materials science and pharmaceuticals. Join him toknow more!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
No researcher profile was found for Researcher ID {0}. We respect the privacy of individual researchers and only post information for people who have chosen to be listed and/or have their information public on this site.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	Biofield Impact on Solubility & Stability of P-Chloro-M-Cresol
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	Biofield Impact on Solubility & Stability of P-Chloro-M-Cresol
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study suggests that biofield treatment has significantly altered the physical, thermal and spectroscopic properties, in a way that can affect the solubility and stability of p-chloro-m-cresol and make it more useful as a pharmaceutical ingredient.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		P-Chloro-M-Cresol GC-MS Analysis: Study of Biofield
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		P-Chloro-M-Cresol GC-MS Analysis: Study of Biofield
	

# data[].attributes.body
The analysis shows variations in carbon isotopic ratio of biofield treated samples as compared to untreated. Visit here to get the more information and to know about the results.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated p-Chloro-m-cresoln

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
P-Chloro-m-cresol (PCMC) is widely used in pharmaceutical industries as biocide and preservative. However, it faces the problems of solubility in water and photo degradation. The a..

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		P-Chloro-M-Cresol XRD Study - Impact of Biofield
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		P-Chloro-M-Cresol XRD Study - Impact of Biofield
	

# data[].attributes.body
The XRD analysis was performed to determine the crystalline material structure. The P Chloro M Cresol XRD study shows a change in crystallite size of treated sample as compared to untreated. Read here to get the more information.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		 P-Chloro-M-Cresol DSC Analysis
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		 P-Chloro-M-Cresol DSC Analysis
	

# data[].attributes.body
P-Chloro-M-Cresol DSC analysis was used to determine the latent heat of fusion and melting temperature in control and treated sample after energy treatment.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated p-Chloro-m-cresol

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
P-Chloro-m-cresol (PCMC) is widely used in pharmaceutical industries as biocide and preservative. However, it faces the problems of solubility in water and photo degradation. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Physical & Thermal Characterization of Para Chloro Meta Cresol
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Physical & Thermal Characterization of Para Chloro Meta Cresol
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study shows the changes in physical & thermal characterization of Para Chloro Meta Cresol as a result of the influence of unique human energy treatment.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	 Spectroscopic Characterization of P-Chloro-M-Cresol
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	 Spectroscopic Characterization of P-Chloro-M-Cresol
	

# data[].attributes.body
The aim of the study was to evaluate the spectroscopic characterization of p-chloro-m-cresol after biofield energy treatment. Read here to know about the results of various tests performed.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	 Trivedi Effect | The Key to Your Limitless Potential
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	 Trivedi Effect | The Key to Your Limitless Potential
	

# data[].attributes.body
Read reviews of Trivedi Effect employees on glassdoor.com. The Trivedi Effect is a natural phenomenon that exists within our universe. It is a Divine, intelligent energy that is harnessed by Mahendra Trivedi.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
24 Trivedi Effect reviews. A free inside look at company reviews and salaries posted anonymously by employees.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		The Trivedi Effect® Reviews | Angie's List
	

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		The Trivedi Effect® Reviews | Angie's List
	

# data[].attributes.body
The Trivedi Effect® is a universal phenomenon that comes from nature and is able to transform all living organisms and non-living materials through the Energy Transmissions of Mahendra Trivedi.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Trivedi Effect® Reviews | Henderson, NV | Angie's List

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
See reviews for The Trivedi Effect® in Henderson, NV at 10624 S. Eastern Ave. from Angie's List members or join today to leave your own review.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Benefits of the Trivedi Effect | Trivedifoundation.org
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Benefits of the Trivedi Effect | Trivedifoundation.org
	

# data[].attributes.body
Trivedi Effect is a unique phenomenon discovered by Mr. Mahendra Trivedi. The Trivedi Effect has reported by tens of thousands of individuals vastly improved human health and wellness.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Get Trivedi Effect Updates on LinkedIn
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Get Trivedi Effect Updates on LinkedIn
	

# data[].attributes.body
The Trivedi Effect is a world-renowned, natural phenomenon of transforming living organisms and non-living materials to perform at the highest level. Follow Trivedi Effect to get the latest updates.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The Trivedi Effect® - Global Pioneer in Life Force Sciences - has been validated using rigorous internationally accepted models of science. The results have been profound, positive & evolutionary. In 1995, Mahendra Trivedi discovered he had been given the extraordinary ability to harness and transmit Life Force Energy of Consciousness, through his thought intention, successfully transforming living organisms and non-living materials anywhere on the planet.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Antibiogram Pattern of Klebsiella Oxytoca: Impact of Biofield
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Antibiogram Pattern of Klebsiella Oxytoca: Impact of Biofield
	

# data[].attributes.body
Human energy treatment has an impact on MDR of Klebsiella Oxytoca with respect to antibiogram pattern, along with biochemical study and biotype number. Visit the link for more details.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Alteration in Biotype Number of K. Oxytoca
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Alteration in Biotype Number of K. Oxytoca
	

# data[].attributes.body
The biotype number of K. Oxytoca control and human energy treated samples were determined by MicroScan Walk-Away. The results show positive alterations in biotype number and other characteristics.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Characterization of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Biofield Treated Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca" by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Klebsiella are opportunistic pathogens that cause a wide spectrum of severe diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of biofield treatment on multidrug resistant strain of K. oxytoca with respect to antibiogram pattern along with biochemical study and biotype number. Clinical lab isolate of K.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	 Energy Treatment on Klebsiella Oxytoca Characteristics
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	 Energy Treatment on Klebsiella Oxytoca Characteristics
	

# data[].attributes.body
This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of unique human energy treatment on Klebsiella Oxytoca' characteristics. Follow the link to find out more about the study & results.

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		 Study of Multidrug-Resistant Strain of K.Oxytoca
	

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		 Study of Multidrug-Resistant Strain of K.Oxytoca
	

# data[].attributes.body
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of biofield treatment on the multidrug-resistant strain of K.Oxytoca with respect to antibiogram pattern along with biochemical study and biotype number.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Characterization of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Biofield Treated Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella oxytoca

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Klebsiella are opportunistic pathogens that cause a wide spectrum of severe diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of biofield treatment on multidrug resistant strain of K. oxytoca with respect to antibiogram pattern

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Klebsiella Oxytoca
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Klebsiella Oxytoca
	

# data[].attributes.body
In this study, the Klebsiella Oxytoca was subjected to the energy treatment and analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions and biotype number.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Mahendra Trivedi – Renowned Spiritual Leader
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Mahendra Trivedi – Renowned Spiritual Leader
	

# data[].attributes.body
Renowned Spiritual Leader Mahendra Trivedi is recognized throughout the world for the discovery of his unique ability to transmit an extremely powerful and all-encompassing form of energy known as The Trivedi Effect®.

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	 Connect with Mahendra Trivedi on Facebook
	

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	 Connect with Mahendra Trivedi on Facebook
	

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Mr. Mahendra Trivedi is a well-known healer of biofield energy therapy who can alter the characteristics of  living and non-living things. Join Facebook to connect with Mahendra Trivedi.

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		Mahendra Trivedi – Founder of The Trivedi Effect®
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Mahendra Trivedi – Founder of The Trivedi Effect®
	

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Trivedi ultimate mission to establish a new scientific paradigm that will bring about lasting solutions to the world’s most pressing problems and thus vastly improve the human condition.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The unique physiology of Mahendra Trivedi has been studied and documented extensively in the USA, Australia, Canada and India by renowned clinical specialists and scientists. The reports are mind-boggling indeed and defy imagination. However, they do prove one simple fact -
Mr. Trivedi has a physiology that is significantly different from all the other seven billion human beings on Earth.

Some of the unique aspects of Mr. Trivedi's physiology include:

The transmission speed in Mr. Trivedi's blood vessels was beyond the maximum limit designated by technology

The arteries showed zero percent atherosclerotic plaque at 41 years of age

At the age of 54, the X-Ray and MRI findings of his spine appeared similar to those of a healthy male who had completed growth plate fusion and was no older than 25 years of age

Full body, digital X-Rays show that he has growing cartilage at the age of 54 years!

The muscle density in his hips is either higher or similar to bone density because his muscles are visible in X-Ray examination at 51 years of age

The elasticity of his body's cells at 41 years of age is much more superior than that of any newborn baby on this planet

The lowest body temperature is 68 degrees Fahrenheit and the highest body temperature is 95 degrees Fahrenheit only

The size of the pituitary fossa is 18.5 mm by 12.8 mm which is the largest ever noted in a healthy subject

The breathing is abdominal with little or no movement of the diaphragm which is biomechanically impossible

An EEG found that his brain is in an alpha state when he is simply "normal"

The sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of his brain function simultaneously, which is biomechanically impossible for humans because both systems produce an opposite impact in blood flow; muscle function; hormone, enzyme and peptide release, etc.

According to Dr Brian Costello, Chairman, American Board of Psychological Specialties in Neuropsychology, "Mr. Trivedi's computerized biofeedback measurements were found to be "uniquely dissimilar" from any other patient and non-patient samples. Mr. Trivedi's brain is into the deepest state of calmness and at the same time it is in the highest state of excitement, which is impossible with a normal human brain"

With Mr. Trivedi's physiological parameters, no other human can survive for even a small period of time.

Clinicians believe that there may be a link between his unique physiology and his extraordinary ability to transform the living organism at cellular level and non-living materials at atomic level.
To know more about him, Please Click Here

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Mahendra Kumar Trivedi | The Trivedi Effect

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The unique physiology of Mahendra Trivedi has been studied and documented extensively in the USA, Australia, Canada and India by renowned clinical specialists and scientists. The reports are mind-boggling indeed and defy imagination. However, they do prove one simple fact - Mr. Trivedi has a physiology that is significantly different from all the other seven billion human beings on Earth.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Study of Antifungal Sensitivity of Fungi
	

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		Study of Antifungal Sensitivity of Fungi
	

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The study evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on pathogenic species of Fungi. The results shows change in antifungal sensitivity of tasted fungi.

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Volume 5 * Issue 2 * 1000125

ISSN: 2165-8056 FGB, an open access journal

Fungal Genomics & Biology

Trivedi et al., Fungal Genom Biol 2015, 5:2

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-8056.1000125

Evaluation of Antifungal Sensitivity Assay of Biofield Energy

1Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052,USA

2Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd., Bhopal- 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India

*Corresponding author:Snehasis Jana, Trivedi Science Research Laboratory

Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd.,

Bhopal- 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India; Tel no: +91-755-6660006; E-mail:

Evaluation of Antifungal Sensitivity Assay of Bioeld Energy Treated Fungi. Fungal

Genom Biol 5: 125. doi:10.4172/2165-8056.1000125

under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits

unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the

original author and source are credited.

Fungi are the group of eukaryotic organisms such as yeast, mold, and mushrooms. The present work investigated

the impact of bioeld treatment on different pathogenic species of fungi in relation to antifungal sensitivity pattern.

Each fungal sample was divided into three parts: C, control; T1, treatment (revived); T2 treatment (lyophilized).

Treatment groups received the bioeld treatment, and control group was remained as untreated. Mini-API ID32C

strip employed for evaluation of antifungal sensitivity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results

showed that sensitivity of Candida albicans in T1 cells was changed against itraconazole from intermediate (I) to

resistance (R) on day 10. The Candida kefyr exhibited a change in susceptibility against itraconazole in T2 cell

from S→I, on day 10. Likewise, Candida krusei showed the alterations in sensitivity against two antifungal drugs:

uconazole from S→I (T1 on day 10) and itraconazole S→I (T1 and T2 on all assessment days). The Cryptococcus

altered from S→I (T1) and S→R (T2) on day 10. The MIC values of antifungal drugs were altered in the range of 2-8

folds, as compared to the control. Fungal identication data showed the signicant changes in species similarity of

few tested fungi as C. albicans changed from 91.9% to 98.5 and 99.9% in T1 and T2 cells, respectively on day 10.

C. krusei was changed from 97.9% to 85.9% (T2 day 10), and C. tropicalis was altered from 88.7% to 99.6% (T1 day

5) and 99.0% (T2). These ndings suggest that bioeld treatment could be applied to alter the susceptibility pattern

of antifungal drug therapy in future.

Keywords: Fungi; Amphotericine B; Fluconazole; Flucytosine;

e kingdom fungi includes yeast, mold, and mushrooms that have

multiple applications like fermentation of sugar and bear; productions

of antibiotics and enzymes; as biological pesticide; and also consumed

as food products like mushrooms, morels, and trues. Apart from

their benecial applications, the fungi are also responsible for several

topical and systemic diseases in living organisms. Some of the fungi

also produce toxic chemicals like acetaldehyde that promotes free

radicals generation in human body. is acetaldehyde also converted

into ethanol by liver, and people report feeling like a drunk or hangover

with debilitating fatigue [1,2]. C. albicans is an opportunistic fungus

and commonly situated in the intestinal tract. It causes infection during

the favorable condition and responsible for candidiasis in human.

It produces secretory enzymes like phospholipase, proteinase, etc.

that play a major role in the pathogenicity [3]. C. kefyr is uncommon

but considered as non-pathogenic fungus so far. However, due to

its continuous resistance towards the existing antifungal drugs, it

suddenly considered as an emerging pathogen, especially in patients

with risk factors like immune-compromised and AIDS patients [4].

C. krusei is budding yeast that is mainly used in chocolate production

to remove the bitter taste of cocoa butter. Apart from this, it is an

emerging nosocomial fungus and mainly found in the immune-

compromised patients. Currently, C. krusei has been recognized as a

potentially multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, owing to its natural

uconazole resistance along with decreased susceptibility to ucytosine

and amphotericin B [5]. C. neoformans is unicellular opportunistic

yeast, and its infection in human called as cryptococcosis. Generally,

cryptococcosis occurs in lungs but fungal meningitis and encephalitis

also reported in some AIDS patients [6]. C. tropicalis is a yeast that

usually responsible for human diseases in tropical countries especially

in immune-compromised and immune-competent patients. Recently,

infection of C. tropicalis has increased considerably worldwide,

particularly against the recognized antifungal drug uconazole [7]. S.

cerevisiae is a type of yeast and plays a central role in the spoilage of

foods and beverages [8]. However, despite of their benecial eects in

food and beverage industries, these fungi are harmful also to human

being. Recently, bioeld treatment is reported to alter the sensitivity of

antimicrobials against several microbes [9,10].

Energy is the property of matter that neither can be created nor

destroyed, however it can be transmitted to other substances by changing

into dierent forms. According to the Einstein's equation (E=mc2) the

energy and mass are fundamentally related to each other. As like to

energy in solid matter in the form of vibratory atoms or molecule; the

human body also have the vibratory energy particles like neutrons,

protons, and electrons [11,12]. e famous scientist Willem Einthoven

developed an electrocardiography (ECG) in 1924 to measure the bioeld

of human body. Harold Saxton Burr gave the hypothesis that every

single process in the human body has an electrical impact. Recently, it

was reported that all the electrical process happening in body generates

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D , Nayak G, Bairwa K, et al. (2015) In Vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Sensitivity Assay of Bioeld Energy

Treated Fungi. Fungal Genom Biol 5: 125. doi:10.4172/2165-8056.1000125

Volume 5 * Issue 2 * 1000125

ISSN: 2165-8056 FGB, an open access journal

magnetic eld that can be accessed by using some medical technologies

such as electrocardiography (ECG), electromyography (EMG), and

electroencephalogram (EEG). erefore, the electromagnetic eld

generated from human body known as bioeld and energy associated

with this eld is known as bioeld energy [13-15]. Mr. Mahendra

Trivedi's bioeld treatment (e Trivedi Eect®) is known to alter

the crystalline, thermal, and atomic properties of various metals and

ceramics [16-18]. e growth and anatomical characteristics of some

herbs were also changed considerably aer bioeld treatment [19].

In agriculture, the bioeld treated crops have shown signicant eect

on growth, characteristics and yield [20]. Further, the changes in

antimicrobial susceptibility and biotype number of some microbes have

been reported aer bioeld treatment [9,10,21]. In the present work,

authors evaluated the eect of bioeld treatment on dierent species of

fungi in relation to antifungal drug sensitivity.

e lyophilized samples of fungi [Candida albicans (ATCC

66029), and Saccharomyces cerevisae (ATCC 9763)] were procured

from MicroBioLogics, Inc., USA. ese lyophilized samples were stored

as per the suggested storage conditions until further use. e antifungal

susceptibility study and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of

all the fungal samples were carried out using mini API® ID32C strip.

e antifungal drugs: amphotericine B, uconazole, ucytosine, and

itraconazole were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, MA, USA.

e lyophilized fungi cells were divided into three groups: C, control;

T1, treatment (revived); T2 treatment (lyophilized). e control group

was remained as untreated; and treatment sample was handed over

in sealed pack to Mr. Trivedi for bioeld treatment under laboratory

conditions. Mr. Trivedi provided the bioeld treatment through his

energy transmission process to the treatment group without touching

the sample. Aer that, groups C and T1 were analyzed on day 5 and 10,

while group T2 was examined on day 10, for antifungal drug sensitivity.

Investigation of antifungal sensitivity and fungal strain

e antifungal drug susceptibility and fungi identication were

performed on mini API® ID 32C strips (ATB system) with MIC break

point by observing the lowest antifungal concentration showing

growth inhibition [22]. API® ID 32C strips a simple and standardized

method. It is widely accepted for identication of clinically important

food and water-associated microbes using standardized biochemical

tests. For every tested fungus, the biochemical reactions were analyzed

by colorimetric assay. Based on this colorimetric assay, the digital

analytical prole index (API) code was calculated. ese codes then

fed into the on-line ApiwebTM database, which gave the nal output

in the form of microbe identication [23]. e sensitivity study was

performed using four antifungal drugs: amphotericine B, uconazole,

ucytosine, and itraconazole.

e results of sensitivity pattern (resistant, R; intermediate, I; or

susceptible, S) and MIC values of antifungal drugs are summarized in

Table 1 and 2, respectively. e antifungal sensitivity results showed

Candida albicansFluconazole

Candida kefyrFluconazole

Candida kruseiFluconazole

Cryptococcus neoformansFluconazole

Candida tropicalisFluconazole

Saccharomyces cerevisiaeFluconazole

C- Control; T- Treated; I- Intermediate; S- Susceptible; R-Resistant.

The NCCLS recommended breakpoints (in mg/L) for Fungus species are as

following: Flucytosine: S (≤ 4), I

(8-16), R (≥ 32); Fluconazole: S (≤ 8), I (16-32), R (>64); Itraconazole: S (<0.125),

Table 1: Effect of bioeld treatment on fungal sensitivity.

Candida albicansAmphotericine B <0.5<0.5<0.5 <0.5

Flucytosine <0.5<0.5 <0.5 <0.5

Itraconazole <0.125 <0.125 <0.125

Itraconazole <0.125 <0.1250.5

C-Control; T-Treated; MIC data are presented in µg/mL.

The NCCLS recommended breakpoints (in mg/L) for Fungus species are as

following: Flucytosine: S (≤ 4), I (8-16), R (≥ 32); Fluconazole: S (≤ 8), I (16-32), R

(>64); Itraconazole: S (<0.125), I (0.25-0.5), R (≥ 1).

Table 2: Effect of biofeild treatment on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D , Nayak G, Bairwa K, et al. (2015) In Vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Sensitivity Assay of Bioeld Energy

Treated Fungi. Fungal Genom Biol 5: 125. doi:10.4172/2165-8056.1000125

Volume 5 * Issue 2 * 1000125

ISSN: 2165-8056 FGB, an open access journal

that susceptibility of C. albicans was changed from I→S and I→R against

itraconazole in T1 cells on day 5 and 10, respectively. However, it did not

show any alteration in susceptibility patterns against uconazole, and

ucytosine as compared to control. e sensitivity of C. kefyr converted

from S→I in T2 cell on day 10 against itraconazole only out of four tested

antifungal drugs. e C. krusei showed the alteration in sensitivity of two

antifungal drugs, i.e., uconazole from S→I (T1 on day 10) and itraconazole

S→I (T1 and T2 on all assessment days); however, the sensitivity to

ucytosine remained same as control. Likewise, the C. neoformans was

changed from S→I in T1 cell on day 5 and 10 against to itraconazole.

Further, the C. neoformans did not show alterations in sensitivity patterns

of remaining antifungal drugs with respect of control. e sensitivity of C.

tropicalis was altered from I→R against ucytosine in both group T1 and

T2 on all assessment days. Further, it showed the similar sensitivity pattern

for uconazole, and itraconazole as control. e sensitivity of S. cerevisiae

was altered from S→I and S→R against itraconazole in T1 and T2 cells,

respectively, on day 10; despite these, the sensitivity patterns against other

three tested antifungal drugs were remained same as control. e sensitivity

pattern of amphotericine B was not dened using mini API® method.

e MIC results of all tested antifungal drugs against six tested fungi

are reported in Table 2. C. albicans showed the 4-folds increase in MIC

value of uconazole and itraconazole in T1 cells on day 10, as compared

to control. It also showed the 2-folds increase in MIC value of uconazole

in T2 cell on day 10. e C. kefyr showed the 2-folds increase in MIC

value of itraconazole in T2 cells with respect to control. A signicant

decrease (2-folds) in MIC values of amphotericine B and uconazole was

observed in T2 cells of C. krusei as compared to control. However, it also

showed the 2-folds increase in MIC value of uconazole in T1 cells on

day 10 with respect to control. e C. neoformans showed the 2-folds

increase in MIC of ucytosine and itraconazole in T1 cells on day 5 and

10 as compared to the control; additionally, 4-folds increase in MIC value

of ucytosine was also observed in T2 cells of C. neoformans with respect

to control. e treated cells of C. tropicalis showed 2-folds increase in

MIC value of ucytosine in T2 group and 2-fold increase in MIC value of

itraconazole in both T1 and T2 groups, with respect to control. Similarly,

the treated cells of S. cerevisiae showed the increase in MIC of uconazole

(2 fold in T1 and T2 on day 10) and itraconazole (4 and 8 fold in T1 and

T2, respectively on day 10) as compared to control (Table 2).

Fungal strain identication

e data of fungal strain identication study revealed the signicant

change in the identication of fungi sample like the species similarity

of C. albicans was altered from 91% to 98.5% and 99.9% in T1 and T2,

respectively on day 10 as compared to control. C. krusei exhibited a

7 alteration in species similarity from 97.9% to 85.9% in group T2.

e species similarity of C. tropicalis was found to alter from 88.7% to

99.6% in group T1 on day 5, and 99.0% in group T2. Despite these, no

other fungi showed the signicant alterations in species similarity, as

compared to control (Table 3).

Over the past few decades, the persistent fungal infections have

been emerged as a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in

immune-compromised patients. Unfortunately, huge consumption

of triazoles in prophylactic and empiric antifungal therapy caused to

selective drug-resistant against candida and aspergillus species [24].

However, the naturally occurring resistance in fungi is very rare and

slow as compared to the viral and bacterial resistance. e overall

resistance in candida species against uconazole and voriconazole is

around 3-6% and it remained constant over a decade. Similarly, triazole

resistance in A. fumigatus has been increasingly recognized about 6%

over the past few years [24-26]. erefore, severity of fungal infection

is increasing recently and become more crucial due to the emergence

of multidrug resistance against some antifungal drugs. Hence, in the

present study we aimed to evaluate the eect of bioeld treatment on

six dierent species of fungi and analyzed against antifungal sensitivity

and fungal strain identication.

All fungi including Candida and Saccharomyces are usually

susceptible to polyene and azole antifungal drugs [27,28]. e present

study also suggested the similar type of sensitivity pattern in the control

samples of tested fungi. e antifungal sensitivity results showed

that sensitivity of itraconazole against C. albicans was changed from

intermediate to susceptible in group T1 on day 5. at was further

converted to resistant on day 10 (Table 1). Likewise, the other tested

fungi except C. tropicalis have showed the altered sensitivity patterns to

itraconazole aer bioeld treatment (Table 1). e MIC values of tested

antifungal drugs were increased in the range of 2-8 folds as compared

to control (Table 2). e results of ATB identication method revealed

the change in species homology like C. albicans was identied as

91.9 % in control that was increased to 98.9 and 99.99% in group T1

tropicalis also showed the signicant change in the species homology

as compare to control (Table 3). Overall, these results revealed that the

changes might be occurred due to some alterations in the enzymatic

or metabolic pathway or changes at cellular level of tested fungi aer

bioeld treatment [29,30]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the rst

report describing the impact of bioeld on the antifungal sensitivity

and species homology of fungi cells.

Altogether, the present study concludes that antifungal sensitivity

and MIC values were altered aer bioeld treatment of tested six fungi.

e species homology of few tested fungi was also changed in treated

sample that may be due to some alteration at the genomic level or

metabolic pathway of fungi. ese observations suggested that bioled

treatment could be helpful to alter the susceptibility of fungi against the

existing antifungal drugs.

The authors would like to acknowledge the whole team of Hinduja Microbiology

Lab for their support. We would also like to thank Trivedi Master Wellness™, Trivedi

Science™, and Trivedi Testimonials for their consistent support during the work.

1. Mullar GM, Bills GF, Foster MS (2004) Biodiversity of fungi: Inventory and

monitoring method, Elsevier academic press, London, UK.

2. Deacon JW (2006) Fungal biology, Blackwell publishing, Massachusetts, USA.

3. Ito KCY, Lyon JP, Vidotto V, de Resende MA (2006) Virulence factors and

antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates from oral candidosis

patients and control individuals. Mycopathologia 161: 219-223.

Table 3: Fungal strain identication.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
In Vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Sensitivity Assay of Biofield Energy Treated Fungi - PdfSR.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Fungi are the group of eukaryotic organisms such as yeast, mold, and mushrooms. The present work investigated the impact of biofield treatment on different pathogenic species of fungi in relation to antifungal sensitivity pattern. Each fungal sample was divided into three parts: C, control; T1, treatment (revived); T2 treatment (lyophilized).

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		 Change in Antifungal Sensitivity Assay
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		 Change in Antifungal Sensitivity Assay
	

# data[].attributes.body
The antifungal sensitivity assay suggests that unique healing treatment could be helpful to alter the susceptibility of fungi against the existing antifungal drugs. For more details visit the link.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
antifungal susceptibility testing for candida

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"In Vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Sensitivity Assay of Biofield Energy Treated Fungi" by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Fungi are the group of eukaryotic organisms such as yeast, mold, and mushrooms. The present work investigated the impact of biofield treatment on different pathogenic species of fungi in relation to antifungal sensitivity pattern. Each fungal sample was divided into three parts: C, control; T1, treatment (revived); T2 treatment (lyophilized).

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Investigation of Antifungal Sensitivity of Fungi
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Investigation of Antifungal Sensitivity of Fungi
	

# data[].attributes.body
Study was performed to investigate the antifungal sensitivity fungi pattern after the influence of spiritual energy treatment. Read here the results.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		In Vitro Evaluation of Fungi for Antifungal Sensitivity
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		In Vitro Evaluation of Fungi for Antifungal Sensitivity
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study represents the in vitro evaluation of antifungal sensitivity assay of human energy treated fungi. Visit the link for more details.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
In Vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Sensitivity Assay of Biofield Energy Treated Fungi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Fungi are the group of eukaryotic organisms such as yeast, mold, and mushrooms. The present work investigated the impact of biofield treatment on different pathogenic species of fungi in relation to antifungal sensitivity pattern. Each fungal sample

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		External Energy Impact on Antifungal Sensitivity Assay
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		External Energy Impact on Antifungal Sensitivity Assay
	

# data[].attributes.body
Due to the influence of Mahendra Trivedi's unique energy healing, there are alterations in the antifungal sensitivity assay of fungi. Visit the link for more details.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Antifungal Susceptibility Testing for Candida
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Antifungal Susceptibility Testing for Candida
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study was performed on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing for Candida fungi under the influence of unique human energy treatment. Read here for more details.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		 Physical Properties of Magnesium- Human Energy Impact
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		 Physical Properties of Magnesium- Human Energy Impact
	

# data[].attributes.body
Study suggests that due to Mahendra Trivedi's unique healing phenomena there is an impact on physical properties of magnesium. Visit the link for more details.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Potential Impact of BioField Treatment on Atomic and Physical Characteristics of Magnesium | Mahendra Trivedi | Alice Branton | Dahryn Trivedi | Gopal Nayak | Rama Mohan Tallapragada | Academic Room

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	Biofield Impact Evaluation using Magnesium XRD Test
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	Biofield Impact Evaluation using Magnesium XRD Test
	

# data[].attributes.body
Magnesium XRD assay shows, due to energy treatment there is a change in lattice parameter, unit cell volume, density, atomic weight and nuclear charge per unit volume of treated magnesium powder, as compared to control.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Potential Impact of BioField Treatment on Atomic and Physical Characteristics of Magnesium" by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Magnesium (Mg), present in every cell of all living organisms, is an essential nutrient and primarily responsible for catalytic reaction of over 300 enzymes. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on atomic and physical properties of magnesium powder.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Change in Physical Characteristics of Magnesium
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Change in Physical Characteristics of Magnesium
	

# data[].attributes.body
Spiritual energy treatment showed significant change in physical nature of treated Magnesium. For more details visit the link.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Magnesium XRD Analysis – Assessment of Energy Medicine
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Magnesium XRD Analysis – Assessment of Energy Medicine
	

# data[].attributes.body
Study suggests that due to the influence of Mahendra Trivedi's biofield energy there is an increase in atomic weight up to 0.16% and reduction in nuclear charge per unit volume up to 0.24%, as compared to control.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
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		XRD Analysis of Magnesium to Evaluate Human Energy Impact
	

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		XRD Analysis of Magnesium to Evaluate Human Energy Impact
	

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XRD analysis of Magnesium was conducted to study the change in physical properties after the human energy treatment. Read here to know about the results.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Potential Impact of BioField Treatment on Atomic and Physical Characteristics of Magnesium

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Magnesium (Mg), present in every cell of all living organisms, is an essential nutrient and primarily responsible for catalytic reaction of over 300 enzymes. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on atomic and

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		Atomic & Physical Properties of Magnesium Powder- Impact of Biofield
	

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		Atomic & Physical Properties of Magnesium Powder- Impact of Biofield
	

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The main aim of this study was to evaluate the atomic and physical properties of magnesium after biofield treatment. Visit the link for more details.

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		Biofield Impact on Physical Properties of Magnesium
	

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		Biofield Impact on Physical Properties of Magnesium
	

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The unique human energy treatment has significantly influenced the physical properties of Magnesium. The energy treatment has resulted a decrease in particle size of Magnesium.

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		 XRD & TGA-DTG Analysis of Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether
	

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		 XRD & TGA-DTG Analysis of Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether
	

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Study shows alteration in the XRD & TGA-DTG analysis of methyl 2-naphthyl ether after biofield treatment. Visit the link for more details.

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		Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether Characterization & Energy Treatment
	

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		Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether Characterization & Energy Treatment
	

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Visit the link to know about how alternative energy treatment has brought significant changes in the physical, thermal and spectral characterization of Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether.

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Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Trivedi et al., J Environ Anal Chem 2015, 2:5

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2380-2391.1000162

Research ArticleOpen Access

Volume 2 * Issue 5 * 1000162

ISSN: 2380-2391 JREAC, an open access journal

Keywords: Methyl-2-naphthyl ether; Bioeld energy; X-ray

diraction; Surface area analysis; Dierential scanning calorimetry;

ermogravimetric analysis

MNE: Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether; NCCAM: National Center For

Complementary And Alternative Medicine; XRD: X-Ray Diraction;

DSC: Dierential Scanning Calorimetry; TGA: ermogravimetric

Analysis; DTA: Dierential ermal Analysis; DTG: Derivative

ermogravimetry; FT-IR: Fourier Transforms Infrared

Naphthalene has been described as new class of potent

antimicrobials against wide range of human pathogens. It occupies a

central place among biologically active compounds owing to its varied

and exciting antibiotic properties with less toxicity [1]. Numerous

naphthalene containing antimicrobial drugs are existing like naine,

nafacillin, terbinane, tolnaate, etc. that plays vital role against

microbial infections [2,3]. Further, the naphthalene derivatives like

naproxen, nabumetone were also studied in depth as the nonsteroidal

anti-inammatory drugs (NSAIDs). ey are mainly nonselective

inhibitor of two cyclooxygenase (COX) isoform i.e., COX-1 and COX-2

[4,5]. Moreover, the structurally relative naphthalene derivatives lower

the parathyroid level by binding to calcium receptor on the parathyroid

gland. us, it helps to regulate hyperparathyroidism especially in

kidney disease or parathyroid gland neoplasm [6]. Based on the

importance of naphthalene derivative as a main moiety for organic

synthesis of several pharmaceutical drugs, it is advantageous to nd

out the alternate approach that can enhance the physicochemical and

thermal properties of naphthalene derivative i.e., methyl-2-naphthyl

ether (MNE). Recently, an alternate treatment approach i.e.,healing

therapy or therapeutic touch, known as the bioeld energy treatment,

which was reported in several elds. e National Institute of Health/

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NIH/

NCCAM) conceived the bioeld energy treatment in subcategory of

energy therapies (putative energy elds) [7,8]. e bioeld treatment is

Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy

Treated Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi1 , Alice Branton1 , Dahryn Trivedi1, Gopal Nayak1, Khemraj Bairwa2 and Snehasis Jana2*

1Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA

2Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd., Bhopal- 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India

being used in healing process to reduce pain, anxiety and to promote

the overall health of human being [9,10]. Bioeld is an electromagnetic

eld that permeates and surrounds living organisms. is biologically

produced electromagnetic and subtle energy eld regulates the various

physiological and communications functions within the human

organism [11]. Researchers have attempted dierent biological studies

and eects of bioeld on various biomolecules such as proteins,

antibiotics [12], bacterial cultures [13], and conformational change in

DNA [14]. Prakash et al. reported that various scientic instruments

such as Kirlian photography, resonance eld imaging (RFI) and

polycontrast interference photography (PIP) could be extensively used

to measure the bioeld of human body [15]. us, the human has the

ability to harness the energy from the environment or Universe and

transmit it to any living or nonliving object on the Globe. e object(s)

receive the energy and respond into the useful way; this process is termed

as bioeld treatment. Mr. Trivedi's unique bioeld energy treatment is

known as e Trivedi Eect®. Recently, bioeld energy treatment has

been described as an alternative method to alter the physicochemical

and thermal properties of several metals and ceramics [16-18]. It

has also reported to alter the spectroscopic properties of various

pharmaceutical drugs like paracetamol, piroxicam, metronidazole, and

tinidazole [19,20]. Moreover, the bioeld treatment has been studied in

Methyl-2-naphthyl ether (MNE) is an organic compound and used as the primary moiety for the synthesis of

several antimicrobial and anti-inammatory agents. This study was attempted to evaluate the impact of bioeld energy

treatment on the physical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of MNE. The study was carried out in two groups i.e.,

samples of MNE were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry

(DSC), thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-

IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The XRD study exhibited the decrease in average crystallite size by

30.70%. The surface area analysis showed 5.32% decrease in surface area of the treated sample with respect to the

control. The DSC thermogram of treated MNE exhibited no signicant change in the melting temperature; however,

the latent heat of fusion was slightly increased (0.83%) after bioeld treatment as compared to the control sample.

The TGA analysis showed the onset temperature of thermal degradation at 158℃ in the control sample that was

reduced to 124℃ after bioeld treatment. The result showed about 21.52% decrease in onset temperature of thermal

degradation of treated MNE as compared to the control. Similarly, the end-set temperature of thermal degradation was

also reduced by 13.51% after bioeld treatment with respect to the control. The FT-IR and UV spectroscopic studies

did not show any changes in the wavenumber and wavelength, respectively in treated MNE with respect to the control.

Overall, the XRD, surface area and thermal analysis suggest that bioeld treatment has the impact on physical and

thermal properties of the treated MNE as compared to the control.

*Corresponding author: Snehasis Jana, Trivedi Science Research Laboratory

Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad

Rd., Bhopal-462026 Madhya Pradesh, India, Tel: 91-755-6660006; E-mail:

Received September 07, 2015; AcceptedSeptember14, 2015; Published

Citation:Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Bairwa K, et al.(2015)

Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Bioeld Energy

Treated Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether. J Environ Anal Chem 2: 162. doi:10.4172/2380-

Copyright: © 2015 Trivedi MK , et al . This is an open-access article distributed

under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits

unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the

original author and source are credited.

Volume 2 * Issue 5 * 1000162

ISSN: 2380-2391 JREAC, an open access journal

Treated Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether. J Environ Anal Chem 2: 162. doi:10.4172/2380-2391.1000162

a heating rate of 5ºC/min under air atmosphere. e onset temperature

of thermal degradation and percent change intemperature at which

maximum weight loss occur in samples were obtained from DTG

For the purpose of FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic

characterization, the treated sample was divided into two groups i.e., T1

and T2. Both the treated groups were then analyzed for spectroscopic

characteristics employing FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy and data

were compared with the respective spectrum of control sample.

FT-IR spectroscopic characterization

e samples for FT-IR spectroscopy were prepared by crushing

into ne powder and then mixing in spectroscopic grade KBr. Finally,

the mixture was pressed into pellets with a hydraulic press and then

used for analysis. e spectra were recorded from Shimadzu's Fourier

transform infrared spectrometer (Japan) with the frequency range of

4000-500 cm-1. e analysis was done to evaluate the impact of bioeld

energy treatment at the atomic levels like force constant, dipole

moment, and bond strength in chemical structure [27].

Uv-Vis spectroscopic analysis

e samples solutions for UV spectroscopy were prepared in

methanol. UV spectra of the control and treated samples of MNE were

acquired from Shimadzu UV-2400 PC series spectrophotometer with

quartz cuvette having slit widths of 2.0 nm. e wavelength was set

between 200-400 nm for analysis. e study was carried out to evaluate

the impact of bioeld energy treatment on the energy gap of highest

occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital

XRD diractograms of both control and treated MNE are shown

in Figure 1. e control sample exhibited the XRD peaks at 2θ equal

to 10.27º, 15.44º, 19.07º, 20.57º, 21.21º, 24.76º, 25.33º, and 28.77º.

Likewise, the XRD diractogram of treated MNE showed the XRD

peaks at 2θ equal to 10.25º, 15.30º, 19.01º, 20.55º, 21.17º, 24.67º, 25.25º,

and 28.84º. e intensity of peak was also altered aer bioeld energy

treatment as compared to the control. XRD diractograms of both the

control and treated MNE showed the intense peaks, which suggest the

crystalline nature of MNE. e decrease of XRD peaks intensity in

treated sample might be attributed to the reduction in crystallinity and

decrease in long-range order of the molecules. e crystallite size was

calculated using Scherrer formula and the results are shown in Figure

2. e average crystallite size of the control MNE was observed as 84.55

nm that was decreased up to 58.59 nm in the treated sample. e result

indicated about 30.70% decrease in average crystallite size of treated

sample with respect to the control.

e increase in internal micro strain leads to decrease the

corresponding crystallite size of the material [28]. Moreover, Zhang et al.

reported that presence of strain and increased atomic displacement from

their ideal lattice positions lead to reduction in crystallite size [29]. Hence,

it is assumed that bioeld energy treatment probably induce the internal

strain in treated MNE sample. is might be responsible for the decrease

in crystallite size of the treated MNE as compared to the control.

e surface area of control and treated samples of MNE were

several elds like agriculture research [21,22], biotechnology research

[23], and microbiology research [24,25].

Based on the published literature and outstanding impact of

bioeld energy treatment on various living and nonliving things, the

present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi's bioeld

energy treatment on physical, thermal and spectroscopic properties of

MNE using several analytical techniques.

e Methyl-2-Naphthyl Etherwas procured from Sisco Research

Laboratories, India. e study was performed in two groups i.e.,

control and treated. e control sample was remained as untreated,

and the treated group in sealed pack was handed over to Mr. Trivedi

for bioeld energy treatment under laboratory conditions. Mr.

Trivedi provided the bioeld energy treatment to the treated group

through his unique energy transmission process without touching the

sample. Subsequently, the control and treated samples of MNE were

analyzed using several analytical techniques like X-ray diraction

(XRD), surface area analysis, dierential scanning calorimetry (DSC),

thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-

IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy.

e XRD analysis of the control and treated MNE was carried out

on Phillips, Holland PW 1710 X-ray diractometer with nickel lter

and copper anode. e wavelength used in XRD system was 1.54056 Å.

e XRD diractograms were obtained in the form of a chart of 2θ vs.

intensity. e crystallite size (G) and percent change in crystallite size

of MNE were calculated using the following equations [26].

Crystallite size (G) = kλ/(bCosθ)

Where, Gc and Gt are average crystallite size of control and treated

powder samples respectively.

e surface area of the control and treated MNE was measured

using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analyzer, Smart

SORB 90. Percent change in surface area was calculated using following

%change in surface area=×100

Where, S Control and S Treated are the surface area of the control and

treated samples, respectively.

e control and treated samples of MNE were studied using a

Pyris-6 Perkin Elmer dierential scanning calorimeter on a heating

rate of 10ºC/min under air atmosphere with air ow rate of 5 mL/

min. An empty pan sealed with cover was used as a reference pan. e

melting temperature (Tm ) and latent heat of fusion (ΔH) were obtained

TGA-DTG analysis was conducted to investigate the thermal

stability of the control and treated MNE. e studies were carried out

on Mettler Toledo simultaneous TGA-DTG system. Both the control

and treated samples were heated from room temperature to 400ºC with

Volume 2 * Issue 5 * 1000162

ISSN: 2380-2391 JREAC, an open access journal

Treated Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether. J Environ Anal Chem 2: 162. doi:10.4172/2380-2391.1000162

determined using BET surface area analyzer and data are presented

in Figure 3. e surface area of the control and treated sample was

observed as 0.4904 m2 /g and 0.4643 m2/g, respectively. e result

showed a considerable decrease in surface area i.e., 5.32% in the treated

MNE as compared to the control sample. It is assumed that bioeld

energy treatment possibly induced the disappearance of inter-particle

boundaries that may lead to the aggregation of particles and thus

increase in particle size [30]. Presumably, this increase in particle size

might lead to decrease in surface area of the treated sample.

DSC analysis was performed to determine the melting temperature

and latent heat of fusion (ΔH) of the control and treated MNE. DSC

thermograms (Figure 4) of MNE showed the melting temperature at

73.72ºC in the control and 73.66ºC in the treated sample (Table 1). e

result depicted no signicant change in melting temperature of treated

sample as compared to the control. e melting temperature of control

MNE was well supported by literature data [31]. DSC thermogram

exhibited the ΔHof 147.49 J/g in control sample and 148.72 J/g in

treated sample of MNE. e result showed about 0.83% increase in

latent heat of fusion of treated sample as compared to the control. It

is hypothesized that bioeld energy treatment may cause absorption

of energy during the phase transition from solid to liquid that might

lead to increase the latent heat of fusion of treated sample with respect

to the control. Previously, our group has reported that bioeld energy

treatment altered the value of latent heat of fusion in lead and tin

e TGA and DTG thermograms of control and treated samples of

MNE are shown in Figure 5 and data are reported in Table 1. e onset

temperature of thermal degradation was observed at 158°C and 124°C

for the control and treated samples, respectively. Whereas, the end-set

temperature of thermal degradation was found at 201°C and 178°C in

the control and treated sample, respectively. e result showed about

21.52% decrease in the onset temperature and 11.44% decrease in the

end-set temperature in treated sample with respect to the control. e

percent weight loss during thermal decomposition was 63.41% in the

control and 59.18% in the treated sample. It showed the decrease in

% weight loss during thermal decomposition aer bioeld treatment.

Based on this, it is presumed that bioeld treated MNE may be more

stable as compared to the control. e DTG thermogram exhibited the

Tmax (the temperature at which the sample lost its maximum weight) at

177.81°C in the control sample and at 153.78°C in the treated sample

of MNE. e result revealed about 13.51% decrease in Tmax of treated

sample with respect to the control. is decrease in Tmax in treated

sample might be due to increase in vaporization or volatilization [32]

of treated MNE molecules aer bioeld energy treatment. It might

be correlated with the alteration in internal energy through bioeld

energy treatment that results into earlier vaporization in treated sample

as compared to the control.

FT-IR spectroscopic analysis

FT-IR spectra of the control and treated samples of MNE (Figure

6) were inferred using the theoretically predicted wavenumber.e

aromatic =C-H stretching peak was assigned at 3007-3057 cm-1 in all

three samples i.e., the control and treated (T1 and T2). Likewise, the

-C-H (methyl) stretching was attributed to peak at 2962 cm-1 in all

three samples i.e., the control and treated (T1 and T2). e aromatic

C=C stretching of naphthyl moiety was appeared in the region of 1508-

Figure 1: XRD diffractograms of methyl-2-naphthyl ether.

Figure 2: Crystallite size of control and treated methyl-2-naphthyl ether.

Figure 3: Surface area analysis of control and treatedmethyl-2-naphthyl ether.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether - PdfSR.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Methyl-2-naphthyl ether (MNE) is an organic compound and used as the primary moiety for the synthesis of several antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. This study was attempted to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of MNE. The study was carried out in two groups i.e., control and treated.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		 Alterations in Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether Physical Properties
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		 Alterations in Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether Physical Properties
	

# data[].attributes.body
The XRD and surface area analysis data highlights the alterations in Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether physical properties as a result of unique energy medicine.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
methyl 2-naphthyl ether physical properties

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether" by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Methyl-2-naphthyl ether (MNE) is an organic compound and used as the primary moiety for the synthesis of several antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. This study was attempted to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of MNE. The study was carried out in two groups i.e., control and treated.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		TGA Analysis of Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		TGA Analysis of Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether
	

# data[].attributes.body
TGA analysis of methyl 2-naphthyl was conducted to investigate the thermal stability of treated MNE after unique human energy treatment. Follow the link to get the more information.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Biofield Impact on Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether Characterization
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Biofield Impact on Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether Characterization
	

# data[].attributes.body
The present work shows the effects of biofield energy treatment on physical, thermal, and spectroscopic characterization of Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether. Visit to get more information.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Methyl-2-naphthyl ether (MNE) is an organic compound and used as the primary moiety for the synthesis of several antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. This study was attempted to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on the physical,

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Energy Medicine & Spectroscopic Properties of MNE
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Energy Medicine & Spectroscopic Properties of MNE
	

# data[].attributes.body
Read here how energy treatment has altered the spectroscopic properties of MNE. The unique energy treatment has also resulted changes in physical and thermal characteristics of MNE.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether – Impact of Human Energy
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether – Impact of Human Energy
	

# data[].attributes.body
This study was attempted to evaluate the impact of human energy treatment on Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether. Read here for more details.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Methyl-2-Naphthyl Ether (PDF Download Available)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Full-text (PDF) | Methyl-2-naphthyl ether (MNE) is an organic compound and used as the primary moiety for the synthesis of several antimicrobial and anti-inflam...

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		Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and Trivedi Master Wellness Programs
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and Trivedi Master Wellness Programs
	

# data[].attributes.body
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi – Founder of The Trivedi Master Wellness. Join Health and wellness program of Trivedi Master's and feel the most powerful changes in your life.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Mahendra Kumar Trivedi – Founder of The Trivedi Foundation
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Mahendra Kumar Trivedi – Founder of The Trivedi Foundation
	

# data[].attributes.body
Founded by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, The Trivedi Foundation is a non-profit foundation established to study, preserve and propagate the gift of Trivedi Effect.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	 Investigation of Klebsiella Oxytoca Antibiotic Susceptibility
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	 Investigation of Klebsiella Oxytoca Antibiotic Susceptibility
	

# data[].attributes.body
There was an alteration in antimicrobial sensitivity, biochemical reactions patterns, and biotype number as a result of Biofield treatement of K. oxytoca.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Phenotypic and Biotypic Characterization of Klebsiella oxytoca: An Impact of Biofield Treatment" by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Klebsiella oxytoca (K. oxytoca) is a Gram-negative microbe generally associated with community and hospitalacquired infections. Due to its clinical significance, we evaluated the effect of biofield treatment on phenotype and biotype characteristics of K. oxytoca (ATCC 43165). The study was performed into three groups i.e. C (control), T1 (treatment, revived); and T2 (treatment, lyophilized).

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Investigation of Klebsiella Oxytoca Biochemical Reactions
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Investigation of Klebsiella Oxytoca Biochemical Reactions
	

# data[].attributes.body
The recent studyof Klebsiella Oxytoca biochemical reactions carried out on carried microscan walk-away system.For more details visit the link.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		valuation of klebsiella Oxytoca biochemical test
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		valuation of klebsiella Oxytoca biochemical test
	

# data[].attributes.body
Read here the results of Klebsiella Oxytoca biochemical test & biotype numbers of microbes after biofield treatment.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Mendeley Supports Responsible Sharing Learn how you can share

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Study of Klebsiella Oxytoca Antibiotic Susceptibility
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Study of Klebsiella Oxytoca Antibiotic Susceptibility
	

# data[].attributes.body
The recent study of Klebsiella Oxytoca antibiotic susceptibility results 3.33% alteration in group T2 cells on day10 after biofield. Follow the link to get more information.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Phenotypic and Biotypic Characterization of Klebsiella oxytoca: An Impact of Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Klebsiella oxytoca (K. oxytoca) is a Gram-negative microbe generally associated with community and hospital-acquired infections. Due to its clinical significance, we evaluated the effect of biofield treatment on phenotype and biotype characteristics

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	Alteration in Klebsiella Oxytoca Biochemical Reactions Pattern
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	Alteration in Klebsiella Oxytoca Biochemical Reactions Pattern
	

# data[].attributes.body
Expirement shows alteration in Klebsiella Oxytoca biochemical reactions about 3.03% and 15.15% of total tested on day 5 & 10,respectively. For more details visit the link

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		 Effect of Klebsiella Oxytoca Characteristics after Biofield
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		 Effect of Klebsiella Oxytoca Characteristics after Biofield
	

# data[].attributes.body
Analysis suggests that there is a significant change in Klebsiella Oxytoca characteristics after human energy treatment.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	Impact on Biotypic Characterization of K. Oxytoca.
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	Impact on Biotypic Characterization of K. Oxytoca.
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study evaluate the impact of biotypic characterization of K. oxytoca after biofield treatment. Follow the link for more details.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	Impact on Biotypic Characterization of K. Oxytoca.
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	Impact on Biotypic Characterization of K. Oxytoca.
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study evaluate the impact of biotypic characterization of K. oxytoca after biofield treatment. Follow the link for more details.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Impact on Biotypic Characterization of K. Oxytoca.
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Impact on Biotypic Characterization of K. Oxytoca.
	

# data[].attributes.body
| The study evaluate the impact of biotypic characterization of K. oxytoca after biofield treatment. Follow the link for more details.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Study of 16s rDNA Sequencing of Nocardia Otitidis 
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Study of 16s rDNA Sequencing of Nocardia Otitidis 
	

# data[].attributes.body
The 16S rDNA sequencing of human energy treated Nocardia otitidis sample was carried out to correlate the phylogenetic relationship of N. otitidis with other bacterial species. Follow the link for more details.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Biological Systems: Open Access Evaluation of Antibiogram, Genotype and Phylogenetic Analysis of Biofield Treated Nocardia otitidis

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nocardiosis is a soil-borne aerobic infection caused by Nocardia species commonly affects the respiratory tract. Nocardia otitidis (N. otitidis) is the key organism for non-mycobacterial tuberculosis. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on N.

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		Antibiogram, Phylogenetic & Genotype Analysis Nocardia Otitidis
	

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		Antibiogram, Phylogenetic & Genotype Analysis Nocardia Otitidis
	

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Visit the link to know the influence of biofield treatment on antibiogram, phylogenetic & genotype characteristics of Nocardia Otitidis.

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Evaluation of Antibiogram, Genotype and Phylogenetic Analysis of Biofield Treated Nocardia otitidis | Mahendra Trivedi | Alice Branton | Dahryn Trivedi | Gopal Nayak | Academic Room

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nocardiosis is a soil-borne aerobic infection caused by Nocardia species commonly affects the respiratory tract. Nocardia otitidis (N. otitidis) is the key organism for non-mycobacterial tuberculosis. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on N.

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		DNA Polymorphism of Nocardia otitidis & Biofield Treatment
	

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		DNA Polymorphism of Nocardia otitidis & Biofield Treatment
	

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The results of this study suggested the impact of biofield treatment on MIC, 16S rDNA analysis, and DNA polymorphism of N. Otitidis. Read here the more details.

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Biological Systems: Open Access

Trivedi et al,, Biol Syst Open Access 2015, 4:2

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-6577.1000143

Volume 4 * Issue 2 * 1000143

ISSN: 2329-6577 BSO, an open access journal

Evaluation of Antibiogram, Genotype and Phylogenetic Analysis of

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi1 , Alice Branton1 , Dahryn Trivedi1, Gopal Nayak1, Sambhu Charan Mondal2 and Snehasis Jana2*

1Trivedi Global Inc., 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A-969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA

2Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd., Bhopal- 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India

Nocardiosis is a soil-borne aerobic infection caused by Nocardia species commonly affects the respiratory tract.

Nocardia otitidis (N. otitidis) is the key organism for non-mycobacterial tuberculosis. The current study was attempted to

pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), DNA polymorphism by Random Amplied Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

and 16S rDNA sequencing. The strain of N. otitidis (ATCC 14630) was divided into two parts, control and treated.

Antimicrobial susceptibility was studied using the broth microdilution technique. Overall, the MIC values of 16.67%

antimicrobials were changed in the treated group of N. otitidis as compared to the control. Moreover, MIC value of

trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was reduced by two-fold (0.5/9.5 to 0.25/4.75 µg/mL) in the bioeld energy treated

sample as compared to the control without alteration in the sensitivity spectrum. The 16S rDNA analysis showed that

the treated sample was detected as Enterobacter aerogenes strain NCTC10006T (GenBank Accession No: AJ251468)

with 98% identity of gene sequencing data. However, the nearest homolog genus-species was found as Kluyvera

34 to 53% of polymorphism among treated samples as compared to the control. The 16S rDNA sequencing of treated

sample was carried out to correlate the phylogenetic relationship of N. otitidis with other bacterial species. These

results suggested that Mr. Trivedi's bioeld energy treatment has a signicant impact on N. otitidis.

*Corresponding author: Snehasis Jana, Trivedi Science Research Laboratory

Pvt. Ltd., Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd.,

Bhopal- 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India, Tel: +91-755-6660006, E-mail:

Received August 31, 2015; Accepted September 21, 2015; Published September

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Mondal SC, et al. (2015)

Evaluation of Antibiogram, Genotype and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bioeld Treated

Nocardia otitidis. Biol Syst Open Access 4: 143. doi:10.4172/2329-6577.1000143

Copyright: © 2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed

under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits

unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the

original author and source are credited.

nocardiosis [9] in immunocompromised patients. Infectious Diseases

Society of America (IDSA) reported that between 500 and 1,000 cases

of Nocardia l infections are recognized in the United States each year, of

which 85% are serious pulmonary or systemic infections [10].

Since 1940s, the sulfonamides have been the drugs of choice for

the treatment of nocardiosis [11]. Due to high mortality rate (50%)

in patients with central nervous system (CNS) Nocardia infections

(Nocardia brain abscess) and patients with non-CNS overwhelming or

disseminated disease, the treatment strategy is inadequate. However, the

combination of sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim is oen used as the

drug of choice for the treatment of nocardiosis [12]. erefore, some

alternative strategies are needed to treat against nocardiosis. Bioeld

energy has been known as an alternative approach which may be useful

as an alternative treatment to Nocardia infected patients. National

Institute of Health/National Center for Complementary and Alternative

Medicine (NIH/NCCAM) have reported that bioeld (putative energy

elds) or electromagnetic based energy therapies were commonly

used to promote the health and healing [13]. Harold Saxton Burr had

performed the detailed studies on the correlation of electric current

with the physiological process and concluded that every single process

in the human body had an electrical signicance [14]. Recently, it was

discovered that all the electrical processes happening in the human

body have strong relationship with the magnetic eld as required by

susceptibility; Bioeld energy treatment; 16S rDNA sequencing;

Random amplied polymorphic DNA

Abbreviations: NIH/NCCAM: National Institute of Health/

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine;

ATCC: American Type Culture Collection; MIC: Minimum Inhibitory

Concentration; OTUs: Operational Taxonomic Units; NCBI: National

Center for Biotechnology Information; MEGA: Molecular Evolutionary

Genetics Analysis; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction; RDP: Ribosomal

Database Project; RAPD: Random Amplied Polymorphic DNA; CNS:

e genusNocardiais associated with the group of microorganisms

known as the aerobic actinomycetes and belongs to the family of

dier from the mycobacteria by the possession of short-chain (40 to

60 carbons) mycolic acids [1]. Nocardia otitidis (N. otitidis) is a weak

lamentous Gram-positive, catalase-positive, branching rods shaped

bacterium that appears similar to Actinomyces species. However, it

can usually be dierentiated from Actinomyces by acid-fast staining

[2]. e taxonomic history of the genus Nocardia is controversial [3].

Nocardia typically exhibits varying degrees of acid fastness due to the

presence of cell wall mycolic acid. e genus is typically similar to the

genus of Mycobacterium. Mordarska et al. had studied the short-chain

fatty acids content in the cell wall of Nocardia and Mycobacterium

genera based on gas-liquid chromatography analysis did not nd

any dierence between two genera [4]. Based on immunoblot and

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques that detect

specic antibodies that appear as common in various Nocardia and

Actinomadura species. ese antigens do not react with the antibodies

produced in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections [5].

Most of Nocardial infections occur in the United States due to inhalation

of airborne spores or mycelial fragments from the environmental

sources [6]. e most common manifestation of Nocardial disease is

pulmonary nocardiosis [7], extrapulmonary disease [8], and ocular

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D , Nayak G, Mondal SC, et al. (2015) Evaluation of Antibiogram, Genotype and Phylogenetic Analysis of

Volume 4 * Issue 2 * 1000143

ISSN: 2329-6577 BSO, an open access journal

Ampere's law, which states that the moving charge produces magnetic

elds in the surrounding space [15,16]. us, a human body emits the

electromagnetic waves in the form of bio-photons that is also known

as ultra-weak photon emissions (UPE). It surrounds the body and it

is commonly known as bioeld. erefore, the bioeld consists of an

electromagnetic eld, being generated by moving electrically charged

particles (ions, cell, molecule, etc.) inside the human body [17]. e

transfer of information from cell to cell or DNA or storage by biophotons

has been demonstrated in plants, bacteria, animal neutriophil

granulocytes and kidney cells [18]. Prakash et al. in 2015 reported that the

various scientic instruments such as Kirlian photography, polycontrast

interference photography (PIP) and resonance eld imaging (RFI) can

be extensively used to measure the bioeld of human body [19]. us,

human has the ability to harness the energy from the environment or

universe and can transmit into any living or nonliving object(s) around

the Globe. e objects always receive the energy and responding into

the useful way that is called bioeld energy and the process is known as

bioeld energy treatment. Mr. Mahendra Trivedi's unique bioeld energy

treatment (e Trivedi Eect®) has been known to improve the overall

productivity of crops [20,21], altered characteristics features of microbes

[22-24], alter the structural, physical and thermal properties of several

metals [25,26], and improved growth and anatomical characteristics of

various medicinal plants [27,28].

Based on clinical signicance of N. otitidis and signicant impact

of Mr. Trivedi's bioeld energy modality on microbes, the present work

was undertaken to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi's bioeld energy

on N. otitidis in relation to antimicrobials susceptibility, minimum

inhibitory concentration (MIC), random amplied polymorphic DNA

analysis (RAPD) and 16S rDNA sequencing.

N. otitidis, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 14630) strain

was procured from Bangalore Genei, Bangalore-India in two vials A

and B. Two dierent sealed packs were stored with proper storage

conditions until further use. All the tested antimicrobials were procured

from Sigma-Aldrich, India. e antimicrobial susceptibility and

MIC were estimated with the help of broth micro dilution technique

as per the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines

document number M24-A [29]. e 16S rDNA sequencing and DNA

ngerprinting (RAPD) studies were carried out using Ultrapure

Genomic DNA Prep Kit; Cat KT 83 (Bangalore Genei, India).

Experimental design and bioeld treatment strategy

N. otitidis strain was divided into two groups, i.e., control and

treated. e treated group was in sealed pack and handed over to Mr.

Trivedi for bioeld energy treatment under laboratory conditions. Mr.

Trivedi provided the treatment through his energy transmission process

to the treated group without touching the sample. Aer treatment,

control and treated groups were assessed on day 10 for antimicrobial

susceptibility, and MIC. For RAPD analysis three inoculums (one for

control and the other two for treated named as treated A and B) were

prepared from N. otitidis samples. ese two bioeld treated samples

A and B were sub-cultured by taking 1% inoculum and inoculated to

fresh 5 ml medium and labeled as treatment A-1 and treatment B-1,

respectively. e result of treated sample was compared with respect to

the control. e 16S rDNA analysis was performed on bioeld treated

samples A and its subcultured sample A1.

Antimicrobial susceptibility test

e antimicrobial susceptibility testing is important for clinically

signicant species. e investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of N.

otitidis was carried out with the help of broth micro dilution technique,

as per CLSI guidelines. Broth micro dilution was recommended

for isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) based on CLSI

published guidelines and recommendations for testing of non-

tuberculous mycobacteria (CLSI, M24-A, 2003) [29]. e detailed

experimental procedure and conditions were followed as per the

manufacturer's instructions. e antimicrobial susceptibility pattern

(S: Susceptible, R: Resistant) and minimum inhibitory concentration

(MIC) were determined by observing the lowest antimicrobial

concentration showing inhibition of growth.

Random amplied polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis

For DNA ngerprinting (RAPD) analysis all the treated samples

(A, A1, B, and B1) were incubated at 37°C with 160 rpm for 18 h.

Subsequently, the cultures were spun down, pelleted at 5000 rpm at

40°C for 10 minutes and the genomic DNA was isolated for control

and treated samples using Genomic DNA Prep Kit (Bangalore Genei,

India). RAPD was performed with all samples of N. otitidis using ve

RAPD primers, which were labelled as RBA8A, RBA13A, RBA20A,

RBA10A and RBA15A were adopted from earlier studies. e PCR

mixture contained 2.5 μL each of buer, 4.0 mM each of dNTP, 2.5 μM

each of primer, 5.0 μL (approximately 20 ng) of each genomic DNA,

2U each of Taq polymerase, 1.5 μL of MgCl2 and 9.5 μL of water in

a total of 25 μL with the following PCR amplication protocol; initial

denaturation at 94°C for 7 min, followed by 8 cycles of denaturation at

94°C for 1 min, annealing at 35°C for 1 min, and extension at 72°C for 2

min; and 35 cycle of denaturation at 94°C for 1 min, annealing at 38°C

for 1 min, and extension at 72°C for 1.5 min; and the nal extension

at 72°C for 7 min. Amplied PCR products from all samples (control

and treated) were separated on 1.5% agarose gels at 75 volts, stained

with ethidium bromide and visualized under UV illumination [30]. e

percentage of polymorphism was calculated using following equation:

Percent polymorphism=A/B × 100

Where, A=Number of polymorphic bands in treated sample; and

B=Number of polymorphic bands in control.

Amplication and gene sequencing of 16S rDNA

Genomic DNA was isolated from N. otitidis cells (set A, sample coded

as 9A) using genomic purication kit, according to the manufacturer

instructions. 16S rDNA gene (~ 1.5 kb) fragment was amplied with the

help of high-delity polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using universal

reverse primer (3' -ACGGTCATACCTTGTTACGACTT-5' ). Amplied

products were subjected to gel electrophoresis in 1.0% agarose gel,

stained with ethidium bromide and visualized under UV light in a gel

documentation unit (BioRad Laboratories, USA). e PCR amplied

fragment was puried from the agarose gel using a DNA gel extraction

kit. Sequencing of amplied product was done on a commercial basis

from Bangalore Genei, India. e 16S rDNA sequences obtained were

aligned and compared with the sequences stored in GenBank database

available from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)

using the algorithm BLASTn program. Multiple sequence alignment/

phylogenetic tree were established using MEGA3.1 molecular soware

Antimicrobial susceptibility test

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Nocardia can vary from

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D , Nayak G, Mondal SC, et al. (2015) Evaluation of Antibiogram, Genotype and Phylogenetic Analysis of

Volume 4 * Issue 2 * 1000143

ISSN: 2329-6577 BSO, an open access journal

species to species. e therapeutic eectiveness depends on the proper

identication of species in infected patients and on in vitro sensitivity

studies [32]. e antimicrobial sensitivity assay against Nocardia

species had been especially considered in refractory cases. A standard

test for antimicrobials sensitivity assessed by broth micro dilution and

with cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth has been approved by

the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)

[29]. e outcome of N. otitidis susceptibility pattern and MIC values of

tested antimicrobials aer bioeld energy treatment are summarized in

Table 1 and 2 respectively. e data were analyzed and compared with

respect to the control. Study was carried out in twelve antimicrobials

for assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility and MIC value. e

treated cells of N. otitidis did not show any alteration with respect to

antimicrobial susceptibility pattern as compared to the control (Table

1). e susceptible nature of N. otitidis to amikacin, sulfamethoxazole,

and ciprooxacin and resistance pattern to ceriaxone, amoxicillin-

clavulanic acid, and imipenem were well corroborated with the

literature data [3]. Beside this, the MIC value of trimethoprim/

sulfamethoxazole was reduced by two-fold (0.5/9.5 to 0.25/4.75 µg/mL)

in bioeld energy treated sample as compared to the control sample.

Moreover, the MIC value was slightly reduced (>32/16 to 32/16 µg/mL)

in amoxicillin/k-clavulanate aer the bioeld therapy. Overall, 16.67%

out of twelve antimicrobials showed an alteration of MIC values. Rest

of the antimicrobials did not show any alteration of MIC values with

respect to the control sample. Based on the literature, a combination

of sulfa and antimalarial drugs, i.e., trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

are the drug of choice against Nocardia infections as compared to the

single sulfa drug [11,12]. In this experiment, the susceptibility nature

of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was constant in both controls as

well as in treated sample, while the MIC value was reduced by two-

fold in treated sample aer Mr. Trivedi's bioeld energy treatment.

Hence, authors assumed that this improvement of MIC value without

alteration of sensitivity pattern may be due to the eect of putative

energy transmit through bioeld healing (Table 2).

Random amplied polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis

e treated and control samples were identied on the basis of

their dierent and discriminative RAPD patterns. RAPD is a preferred

tool that is being used now days to correlate the genetic similarity

or mutations between species. e simplicity and wide applicability

of RAPD analysis mainly depend upon the use of short nucleotide

primers, which were unrelated to known DNA sequences of the target

organism [33]. DNA polymorphisms can be eciently detected using

the PCR primers and identify inter-strain variations among species in

treated samples [34]. e degree of relatedness and genetic mapping

can be correlated between similar or dierent treated sample species

e DNA ngerprinting by RAPD analysis using ve primers was

carried out on the control and treated samples. DNA ngerprinting by

RAPD analysis of the control and treated samples are shown in Figure 1,

and the polymorphic bands are marked by arrows. e RAPD patterns

of treated samples showed some unique and dissimilar patterns. DNA

polymorphism analyzed by the RAPD analysis was presented in Table 3.

e level of polymorphism between control and treated samples (A, A1,

B, and B1) are summarized in Table 4. e level of polymorphism was

found in an average range of 34 to 53% in treated samples as compared

to control in N. otitidis aer the bioeld treatment. e highest change

in DNA sequence was observed in treated groups with RBA 13A primer

as compared to the control; a negligible change was found in treated

group with RBA 8A primer as compared to the control (Table 3 and 4).

e bacteria that are poorly dierentiated by conventional methods

needs molecular analysis method like 16S rDNA sequence [36]. is

molecular-based technique is a suitable tool for identication of most

Figure 1: Random amplied polymorphic-DNA fragment patterns of Nocardia

otitidis generated using ve RAPD primers, RBA 8A, RBA 13A, RBA 20A, RBA

10A and RBA 15A. 1: Control; 2: Treated A; 3: Treated A-1; 4: Treated B; 5:

Treated B-1; M: 100 bp DNA Ladder.

11. Amoxicillin/k-clavulanateR R

12. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazoleSS

R: Resistant; S: Susceptible; Control: ATCC strain of N. otitidis (without bioeld

energy treatment); Treatment: ATCC strain of N. otitidis (with Mr. Trivedi's bioeld

Table 1: Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of antimicrobials against ATCC strain of

Nocardia otitidis after bioeld treatment on day 10 as per CLSI guidelines.

2. Clarithromycin>32.0>32.0

10. Gatioxacin 0.12 0.12

11. Amoxicillin/k-clavulanate>32/16 32/16

12. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole0.5/9.50.25/4.75

CLSI: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; MIC values are presented

as µg/mL; Control: ATCC strain of N. otitidis (without bioeld energy treatment);

Treatment: ATCC strain of N. otitidis (with Mr. Trivedi's bioeld energy treatment)

Table 2: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobials against ATCC

strain of Nocardia otitidis after bioeld energy treatment on day 10 as per CLSI

guidelines.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Evaluation of Antibiogram, Genotype and Phylogenetic Analysis of Biofield Treated Nocardia otitidis - PdfSR.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nocardiosis is a soil-borne aerobic infection caused by Nocardia species commonly affects the respiratory tract. Nocardia otitidis (N. otitidis) is the key organism for non-mycobacterial tuberculosis. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on N.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Nocardia Otitidis Antimicrobial Susceptibility Analysis
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Nocardia Otitidis Antimicrobial Susceptibility Analysis
	

# data[].attributes.body
Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis of Nocardia otitidis was conducted to evaluate the impact of spiritual healing energy treatment on it. Visit the link to know more about the study and positive results.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
phylogenetic analysis of nocardia otitidis

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Evaluation of Antibiogram, Genotype and Phylogenetic Analysis of Biofield Treated Nocardia otitidis" by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nocardiosis is a soil-borne aerobic infection caused by Nocardia species commonly affects the respiratory tract. Nocardia otitidis (N. otitidis) is the key organism for non-mycobacterial tuberculosis. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on N.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Human Energy Treatment & Phylogenetic Analysis of Nocardia Otitidis
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Human Energy Treatment & Phylogenetic Analysis of Nocardia Otitidis
	

# data[].attributes.body
The present study shows the evaluation of antibiogram, genotype and phylogenetic analysis of Nocardia otitidis in presence of unique human energy treatment. Various methods were used to analyze the impact of human energy treatment on Nocardia otitidis samples.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Evaluation of Antibiogram, Genotype and Phylogenetic Analysis of Biofield Treated Nocardia otitidis

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Nocardiosis is a soil-borne aerobic infection caused by Nocardia species commonly affects the respiratory tract. Nocardia otitidis (N. otitidis) is the key organism for non-mycobacterial tuberculosis. The current study was attempted to investigate

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	Nocardia Otitidis DNA Polymorphism Analysis after Biofield Treatment
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	Nocardia Otitidis DNA Polymorphism Analysis after Biofield Treatment
	

# data[].attributes.body
There is an impact of biofield treatment on MIC, 16S rDNA analysis, and DNA polymorphism of Nocardia otitidis, suggested the results of this study which was conducted to evaluate the impact of biofield energy on Nocardia otitidis.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Nocardia Otitidis
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Nocardia Otitidis
	

# data[].attributes.body
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of unique human energy on N. otitidis samples and analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, MIC values, DNA polymorphism by RAPD analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing. Visit to know more.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		 Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		 Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder
	

# data[].attributes.body
The unique human energy treatment of Brass Powder shows changes in its physical and structural properties. Visit the link for more details and information.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After Biofield Treatment | Mahendra Trivedi | Gopal Nayak | Shrikant Patil | Rama Mohan Tallapragada | Omprakash Latiyal | Academic Room

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Human Energy Treatment of Brass Powder & X-Ray Diffraction Analysis 
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Human Energy Treatment of Brass Powder & X-Ray Diffraction Analysis 
	

# data[].attributes.body
The XRD analysis of human energy treated brass samples shows increase in lattice parameter and unit cell volume up to 0.06% and 0.19%, respectively as compared to untreated samples. Read here for more information.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Brass Powder Energy Healing Therapy & X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Brass Powder Energy Healing Therapy & X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
	

# data[].attributes.body
In this study the impact of unique energy healing treatment was evaluated on structural and physical properties of brass powder. X-Ray diffraction analysis of energy treated brass powder shows positive alterations in crystallite size.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
x-ray diffraction analysis of brass powder

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After Biofield Treatment" by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Brass, a copper-zinc (Cu-Zn) alloy has gained extensive attention in industries due to its high corrosion resistance, machinability and strength to weight ratio. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on structural and physical properties of brass powder. The brass powder sample was divided into two parts: control and treated.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		 Characterization of Brass Powder Properties 
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		 Characterization of Brass Powder Properties 
	

# data[].attributes.body
The characterization of Brass powder after the unique energy healing treatment of brass samples shows some significant changes in the physical and Structural Properties of Brass. Follow the link for more information.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		 Brass Powder X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		 Brass Powder X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
	

# data[].attributes.body
In this experiment, X-Ray diffraction analysis of biofield treated brass powder shows a significant improvement in the crystallite size of brass sample. Visit to know more detailed information.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Brass, a copper-zinc (Cu-Zn) alloy has gained extensive attention in industries due to its high corrosion resistance, machinability and strength to weight ratio. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on structural and physical properties of brass powder. The brass powder sample was divided into two parts: control and treated.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	Changes in Physical and Structural Properties of Brass
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	Changes in Physical and Structural Properties of Brass
	

# data[].attributes.body
Read here how unique energy healing has altered the physical and structural properties of brass powder and improve its usability for automobile and transport equipment applications.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After Biofield Treatment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Brass, a copper-zinc (Cu-Zn) alloy has gained extensive attention in industries due to its high corrosion resistance, machinability and strength to weight ratio. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on structural

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		Human Energy Impact on Structural Properties of Brass Powder 
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		Human Energy Impact on Structural Properties of Brass Powder 
	

# data[].attributes.body
The study reports the influence of unique human energy treatment on the physical and structural properties of brass powders. Visit for more details.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		 X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Brass Powder
	

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		 X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Brass Powder
	

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X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Brass Powder was conducted in this study to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on the crystallite size of Brass samples.

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	 Staphylococcus Saprophyticus Biotyping - Biofield Treatment
	

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	 Staphylococcus Saprophyticus Biotyping - Biofield Treatment
	

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In this experiment, biotyping was performed using automated systems, and the results found significant changes in the biofield treated groups of S. saprophyticus.

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Trivedi et al., J Women's Health Care 2015, 4:6

http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-0420.1000271

Volume 4 * Issue 6 * 1000271

ISSN: 2167-0420 JWHC, an open access journal

susceptibility; Bioeld energy treatment; Biochemical reaction; Biotype;

Antibiogram; Gram-positive

Abbreviations: NIH/NCCAM: National Institute of Health/

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine; ATCC:

American Type Culture Collection;PBPC 20: Positive Breakpoint

Combo 20;MIC: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration; CoNS:

Coagulase-negative staphylococci; UTIs: Urinary tract infections

coagulase-negative facultative bacterium belongs to Micrococcaceae

family. It is a unique uropathogen associated with uncomplicated

urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially cystitis in young women.

Young women are very susceptible to colonize this organism in

the urinary tracts and it is spread through sexual intercourse. S.

saprophyticus is the second most common pathogen aer Escherichia

coli causing 10-20% of all UTIs in sexually active young women [1-

3]. It contains the urease enzymes that hydrolyze the urea to produce

ammonia. e urease activity is the main factor for UTIs infection.

Apart from urease activity it has numerous transporter systems to

adjust against change in pH, osmolarity, and concentration of urea in

human urine [2]. Aer severe infections, it causes various complications

such as native valve endocarditis [4], pyelonephritis, septicemia, [5],

and nephrolithiasis [6]. About 150 million people are diagnosed with

UTIs each year worldwide [7]. Several virulence factors includes due

to the adherence to urothelial cells by release of lipoteichoic acid is a

surface-associated adhesion amphiphile [8], a hemagglutinin that

binds to bronectin and hemagglutinates sheep erythrocytes [9],

a hemolysin; and production of extracellular slime are responsible

for resistance properties of S. saprophyticus [1]. Based on literature,

S. saprophyticus strains are susceptible to vancomycin, rifampin,

gentamicin and amoxicillin-clavulanic, while resistance to other

antimicrobials such as erythromycin, clindamycin, uoroquinolones,

chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, oxacillin, and

Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) is a frequent cause of urinary tract infection in the young women.

The current study was designed to analyze the effect of bioeld energy treatment on S. saprophyticus for evaluation

of its antibiogram prole, biochemical reactions pattern and biotyping characteristics. Two sets of ATCC samples

were taken in this experiment and denoted as A and B. Sample A was revived and divided into two parts Group (Gr.I)

(control) and Gr.II (revived); likewise, sample B was labeled as Gr.III (lyophilized). Gr. II and III were given with Mr.

antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions pattern and biotype number using MicroScan Walk-Away® system.

The 50% out of twenty-eight tested antimicrobials showed signicant alteration in susceptibility and 36.67% out of thirty

antimicrobials showed an alteration in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of S. saprophyticus in revived

treated cells (Gr. II, day 10), while no alteration was found in lyophilized treated cells (Gr. III, day 10) as compared to

the control. It was also observed that overall 14.81%, out of twenty-seven biochemical reactions were altered in the

revived treated group with respect to the control. Moreover, biotype number was changed in Gr. II, on day 5 (246076)

and in Gr. III, on day 10 (242066), while organism along-with biotype number was also changed in Gr. II, on day 10

The result suggested that bioeld treatment has the signicant impact on S. saprophyticus in revived treated cells with

respect to the antimicrobial susceptibility, MIC, biochemical reactions pattern and biotype.

penicillin [10]. An alternative i.e., bioeld energy based healing therapy

is recently reported to alter the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in

dierent microorganisms [11]. Bioeld (putative energy elds) or

electromagnetic based energy therapies, used to promote health and

healing had been exclusively reported by National Institute of Health/

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NIH/

NCCAM) [12]. e human body naturally emits the waves in the form

of bio-photons, which surrounds the body and it is commonly known as

bioeld. In the recent year, Prakash et al.reported that various scientic

instruments such as Kirlian photography, polycontrast interference

photography and resonance eld imaging can be extensively used to

measure the bioeld of human body [13]. Although, a human has the

capability to harness the energy from the environment or universe and

can transmit it into any object(s) around the Globe. e objects always

receive the energy and responding in a useful way that is called bioeld

energy and the process is called as bioeld treatment. Mr. Trivedi's

unique bioeld energy treatment (e Trivedi Eect®) has been known

to alter the characteristics features of pathogenic microbes [14,15], an

improved growth and productivity of plants [16,17] and also able to alter

the thermophysical properties of metal and ceramic in materials science

[18,19]. Due to the clinical importance of S. saprophyticus and literature

reports on bioeld, this work was undertaken to evaluate the impact of

*Corresponding author: Snehasis Jana, Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt

Ltd, Hall-A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd, Bhopal, 462026,

Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D , Nayak G, Mondal SC, et al.

Women's Health Care 4: 271. doi:10.4172/2167-0420.1000271

Copyright: © 2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed

under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits

unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the

original author and source are credited.

Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotyping of

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

: An Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment

1Trivedi Global Inc, 10624 S Eastern Avenue Suite A 969, Henderson, NV 89052, USA

2Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt Ltd, Hall A, Chinar Mega Mall, Chinar Fortune City, Hoshangabad Rd, Bhopal, 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India

Staphylococcus saprophyticus: An Impact of Bioeld Energy Treatment. J Women's Health Care 4: 271. doi:10.4172/2167-0420.1000271

Volume 4 * Issue 6 * 1000271

ISSN: 2167-0420 JWHC, an open access journal

bioeld treatment in relation to the antimicrobials susceptibility and

biotyping based on various biochemical characteristics.

S. saprophyticus, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC

15305) strains were procured from MicroBioLogics, Inc., USA, in

two sets A and B. e antimicrobials and biochemicals were used

in this experiment procured from Sigma-Aldrich, MA, USA. e

antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reaction pattern and biotype

number were estimated with the help of MicroScan Walk-Away® (Dade

Behring Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA) using Positive Breakpoint

Combo 20 (PBPC 20) panel.

(Gr.). ATCC A sample was revived and divided into two parts named as

Gr.I (control) and Gr.II (revived, treated); likewise, ATCC B was labeled

as Gr.III (lyophilized, treated).

Bioeld Treatment Strategy

e control sample (Gr. 1) was remained as untreated. e treated

groups, Gr. II and III were handed over in sealed pack to Mr. Trivedi

for bioeld energy treatment under laboratory conditions. Mr. Trivedi

provided the treatment through his energy transmission process to

the treated groups (Gr. II and Gr. III) without touching the samples.

Aer treatment, all treated samples were stored for analysis in the

same condition. Gr.II was assessed at two time point i.e. on day 5

and 10 and Gr. III was assessed on day 10 aer the bioeld treatment,

for antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions pattern and

biotyping.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test

e antimicrobial susceptibility of S. saprophyticus was carried

using PBPC 20 panel. e panel was allowed to equilibrate to room

temperature before rehydration. All opened panels were used on the

same day. e tests carried out on MicroScan were miniaturized of the

broth dilution susceptibility test that has been dehydrated. Briey, 0.1

mL of the standardized suspension of S. saprophyticus cultured cells were

taken into 25 mL of inoculum water using pluronic and inverted 8 to 10

times and inoculated, rehydrated, and then subjected to incubation for

16 hours at 35°C. Aer that, rehydration and followed by inoculation

were performed using the RENOK® system with inoculators-D (B1013-

4). Approximately 25 mL of standardized inoculum suspension was

poured into the inoculum tray. e detailed experimental procedure

and conditions were maintained as per the manufacturer's instructions.

e antibiogram prole like as susceptible, resistant, β-lactamase

positive (BLAC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were

Biochemical Reaction Studies

e biochemical reactions of S. saprophyticus were determined

using MicroScan Walk-Away® system with PBPC 20 panel. Preparation

of PBPC 20 panel, inoculum and followed by dehydration and

rehydration were performed in a similar way as mentioned in the

antimicrobial susceptibility assay for the analysis of biochemical

system contains photometric or uorogenic reader. On the basis

of nature of bacilli (i.e. Gram-positive), computerized reports were

generated using conventional panel, which utilizes the photometric

reader. Before commencing the experiment, the PBPC 20 panel was

rst incubated and read on the MicroScan Walkaway system. Aer

evaluating the experimental reading on the Walkaway system, the

PBPC 20 panel was removed from the system and recorded on the

Biomic system within 1 h. e instrument consists of a database

associated with collective information, which was required to identify

the microbes with respect to group, genera, or species of the family.

Detailed experimental procedure was followed as per manufacturer-

recommended instructions [20].

Identication of Organism By Biotype Number

e biotype number of S. saprophyticus was determined on

MicroScan Walk-Away® processed panel data report with the help

of biochemical reactions data. e similar experimental procedure

was followed for identication of biotype number as described in

biochemical reaction study, and as per manufacturer-recommended

Antimicrobial susceptibility test

e data obtained in this experiment related to antimicrobials

sensitivity prole and MIC values are illustrated in Tables 1 and 2,

respectively. Aer bioeld energy treatment, the data were analyzed

and compared with respect to the control. e study was carried out

10.ChloramphenicolS S S S

27.Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazoleS S S S

R: Resistant; S: Susceptible; Gr.: Group; −, Data not available; BLAC: β-lactamase

positive.

on antimicrobial susceptibility.

Staphylococcus saprophyticus: An Impact of Bioeld Energy Treatment. J Women's Health Care 4: 271. doi:10.4172/2167-0420.1000271

Volume 4 * Issue 6 * 1000271

ISSN: 2167-0420 JWHC, an open access journal

with twenty-eight antimicrobials for assessment of susceptibility

assay and thirty antimicrobials for estimation of MIC. Several

antimicrobials viz. amoxicillin/k-clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam,

cefazolin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceriaxone, cephalothin, clindamycin,

imipenem, oxacillin, synercid and vancomycin were converted

from susceptible (S) to resistance (R) in revived treated strain of S.

saprophyticus (Gr. II) on day 10, while S in Gr. II, on day 5 and in Gr. III

on day 10 as compared to the control (Gr. I). Moreover, ampicillin and

penicillin were changed the sensitivity pattern from S to β-lactamase

positive (BLAC) in Gr. II on day 10, while remained same i.e., S in Gr.

II, on day 5 and in lyophilized treated cells (Gr. III) on day 10 with

respect to the untreated group. Based on the literature, the species S.

saprophyticus has the ability to produce BLAC or penicillinase enzyme

that breakdowns the β-lactam ring present in penem heteronucleus

[21]. In this experiment, the enzyme production ability might be

enhanced aer bioeld energy treatment in revived treated cells. Hence,

these two penem containing antibiotics showed BLAC response in

Gr. II that was susceptible in the control sample. In this experiment,

authors have found that aer bioeld treatment the organism could

be able to produce β-lactamase enzyme that breaks the β-lactam ring

present in either penems or cephems nucleus. Overall, the treated cells

of S. saprophyticus showed a signicant (50%) alteration (fourteen

out of twenty-eight) in antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in the revived

treated Gr. II on day 10 as compared with the control. Fourteen, out of

twenty-eight tested antimicrobials did not show any alteration in the

sensitivity prole of the treated cells of S. saprophyticus. e MIC values

had revealed that various antibiotics such as ampicillin/sulbactam,

cefazolin, imipenem, linezolid, and synercid were altered by two-fold

in the revived treated group as compared to the control. Moreover, the

MIC values of vancomycin and oxacillin were changed aer bioeld

energy treatment by eight-fold in Gr. II on day 10 as compared to the

control. e alterations in MIC values were observed by several-fold

in ampicillin, clindamycin, oxacillin, and penicillin, in Gr. II on day

10 as compared to the control. Amoxicillin/k-clavulanate showed

slight alteration in MIC in Gr. II on day 10 while unaltered in rest of

treated groups with respect to the control. Overall, 36.67% (eleven out

of thirty) antimicrobials exhibited an alteration in MIC value in revived

treated cells (Gr. II, day 10) and rest of the antimicrobials did not report

any change in MIC values in all the treated groups as compared to the

control (Table 2). To achieve a strain-specic targeted drug therapy

for UTIs, in vitro patient-specic data are necessary because, the data

had provided wide geographical variability [22-24]. e production

of β-lactamase is common among staphylococci and is the prime

mechanism of penicillin resistance by these organisms. However, some

researchers unable to nd the enzyme that are responsible for resistance

among the strain of S. saprophyticus [25,26].

Biochemical reactions studies

e study of biochemical reactions are the test battery for

phenotypic identication of coagulase-negative staphylococci

(CoNS). e specic biochemical that showed some changes against

S. saprophyticus aer bioeld treatment as shown in Table 3. Based on

4.Azithromycin≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2

7.Cefotaxime≤8 ≤8 ≤8 ≤8

9.Cephalothin≤8 ≤8 ≤8 ≤8

10Chloramphenicol≤8 ≤8 ≤8 ≤8

13.Erythromycin≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤0.5

19.Moxioxacin≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2

20.Nitrofurantoin≤32 ≤32 ≤32 ≤32

21.Noroxacin≤4 ≤4 ≤4 ≤4

28. Tetracycline ≤4 ≤4 ≤4 ≤4

sulfamethoxazole ≤2/38 ≤2/38 ≤2/38 ≤2/38

30. Vancomycin ≤2 ≤2 >16 ≤2

MIC data are presented in µg/mL; Gr: Group; −, Data not available

inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of tested antimicrobials.

p-nitro phenyl β-D-galactopyranoside

biochemical reaction pattern.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotyping of Staphylococcus saprophyticus: An Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment - PdfSR.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) is a frequent cause of urinary tract infection in the young women. The current study was designed to analyze the effect of biofield energy treatment on S. saprophyticus for evaluation of its antibiogram profile, biochemical reactions pattern and biotyping characteristics.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	 An Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment on S. Saprophyticus Characteristics
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	 An Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment on S. Saprophyticus Characteristics
	

# data[].attributes.body
This study postulated that Biofield treatment has the ability to alter the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials and affect the characteristics of S. Saprophyticus.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
"Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotyping of Staphylococcus saprophyticus: An Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment" by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) is a frequent cause of urinary tract infection in the young women. The current study was designed to analyze the effect of biofield energy treatment on S. saprophyticus for evaluation of its antibiogram profile, biochemical reactions pattern and biotyping characteristics.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	Biofield Treatment of Staphylococcus Saprophyticus & Biochemical Study
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	Biofield Treatment of Staphylococcus Saprophyticus & Biochemical Study
	

# data[].attributes.body
The Biofield Treatment has altered the 14.81% biochemical reactions pattern and biotype number of biofield treated strain of S. saprophyticus. Read here for more details.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	
		 Impact of Biofield Treatment on Biotyping of S. Saprophyticus
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	
		 Impact of Biofield Treatment on Biotyping of S. Saprophyticus
	

# data[].attributes.body
In this experiment, biotyping of Staphylococcus Saprophyticus was performed using automated systems, and the results found significant changes in the biofield treated samples.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotyping of Staphylococcus saprophyticus: An Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) is a frequent cause of urinary tract infection in the young women. The current study was designed to analyze the effect of biofield energy treatment on S. saprophyticus for evaluation of its antibiogram

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	 Biochemical Characteristics of S. Saprophyticus and Biofield Impact
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	 Biochemical Characteristics of S. Saprophyticus and Biofield Impact
	

# data[].attributes.body
Read here a study to analyze the effect of biofield energy treatment on S. saprophyticus or evaluation of its antibiogram profile, biochemical reactions pattern and biotyping characteristics.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	Biofield Impact on Antimicrobial Sensitivity of S. Saprophyticus
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	Biofield Impact on Antimicrobial Sensitivity of S. Saprophyticus
	

# data[].attributes.body
This study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment to the biotyping & antimicrobial sensitivity of S. saprophyticus based on various biochemical characteristics.

# data[].attributes.headline
	
	
	
	
	Analysis of Multidrug Resistant S.Maltophilia
	

# data[].attributes.subject
	
	
	
	
	Analysis of Multidrug Resistant S.Maltophilia
	

# data[].attributes.body
The recent study was designed to evaluate the impact of human energy treatment which alter the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials and biotype number against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Shrikant Patil, Harish Shettigar, Mayank Gangwar and Snehasis Jana

DOI: 10.4172/2327-5073.1000211 ISSN: 2327-5073
Citation
Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen. Clin Microbiol 4: 211. doi: 10.4172/2327-5073.1000211
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ( S. maltophilia ) is a Gram-negative bacillus, an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among nosocomial infections. Multi-drug resistant strains are associated with very high rate of morbidity and mortality in severely immunocompromised patients. Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia . Clinical sample of S. maltophilia was collected and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated which were analyzed after 10 days with respect to control. The following parameters viz. susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical studies and biotype number of both control and treated samples were measured by MicroScan Walk-Away ® system. The results showed an overall change of 37.5% in susceptibility pattern and 39.4% in biochemical study while 33.3% changes in MIC values of tested antimicrobials after biofield treatment. Further, the treated group of S. maltophilia has also shown a significant change in biochemical reactions followed by its biotype number as compared to control group. Biochemical reactions of treated group showed negative reaction to acetamide and positive reactions to colistin, glucose, adonitol, melibiose, arabinose, nitrate, oxidation-fermentation, raffinose, rhaminose, sorbitol, sucrose, and Voges-Proskauer as compared with control. The biofield treatment showed an alteration in MIC values of amikacin, amoxicillin/K-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotetan, ticarcillin/K-clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Altogether, data suggest that biofield treatment has significant effect to alter the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials and biotype number against multidrug resistant strain of S. maltophilia .

Keywords: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ; Multidrug resistant; Antimicrobial susceptibility; Biofield treatment; Biochemical reactions; Biotyping
Introduction
During the last few decades, due to the continuous deployment of antimicrobial drugs, incidence of microbial resistance has increased leads to generating multi-drug-resistance (MDR) organisms (MDROs). MDR strains and its related infections have been increased suddenly, which leads to ineffective treatment and risk of spreading infections. Although, MDR development is a natural phenomenon, but extensive rise in the number of immunocompromised patients leads to examine the possible source and elucidate the molecular mechanism of organism during infection [1,2]. Serious threats in front of researchers are the resistant pattern of Gram negative pathogens for almost all available antimicrobials. Reason being the MDR pumps, plasmids carrying resistance genes and involvement of different transfer mechanisms of resistance [3]. S. maltophilia is an aerobic, nonfermentative and Gram-negative bacterium regarded as global emerging MDRO in hospitalized or immunocompromised patients [4]. S. maltophilia is not highly virulent pathogen, but it has the ability to colonize in human respiratory tract in hospitals responsible for crude mortality rates i.e. 14%-69% with bacteremia [5,6]. Currently, no such alternative approaches for altering the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials are available against MDROs, biofield treatment may be new approach to alter the susceptibility pattern of S. maltophilia.

Now a days, acceptance and applications of complementary and alternative therapies are at global level. Many alternative remedies including biofield energy treatment (such as Qi gong, and Tai chi) have recently found their way into the medical mainstream and is widely accepted by most of the healthcare professionals [7]. Alternative remedies trace the root cause of diseases or impairment. Recently, Lucchetti et al. reported the effective impact of spiritual healing on inhibiting the growth of bacterial cultures [8], suggests that biofield treatment could be a new and effective treatment approach. Still, this treatment is not much explored in mainstream medicine and research; it should continue to be experimentally examined in different biological fields.

Bio-electromagnetism is a branch which helps to detect the electric, electromagnetic, and magnetic phenomena originates in biological tissues. According to universal principles of Maxwell's equations and principle of reciprocity, it defines electromagnetic connections related to human biofield [9]. Thus, the cumulative effect of bio-magnetic field and electric field that surrounds the human body is defined as biofield. The energy associated with this field is considered as biofield energy and it can be monitored by using techniques such as electromyography (EMG), electrocardiography (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) [10]. However, the energy can exists in several forms such as kinetic, potential, electrical, magnetic, and nuclear. Similarly, the human nervous system consists of the energy and chemical information in the form of electrical signals. Mr. Mahendra Trivedi's biofield treatment has considered a significant impact and reported in different fields like growth and yield of different crops in agriculture [11,12], changed atomic and crystalline characteristics of metals [13,14] and in microbiology, altered the sensitivity and antimicrobial pattern of pathogenic microbes [15-17].

There are very few reports on biofield treatment against sensitivity pattern of MDROs. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on MDR strain of S. maltophilia . The change in antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, MIC, biochemical reactions, and biotype number were studied and compared with control group.
Materials and Methods Test micro-organism and experimental design
Clinical sample of MDR strain of S. maltophilia was collected from stored stock cultures in Microbiology Lab, Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai and stored with proper storage conditions until further use. Experimental setup was designed and MDR strain was divided in two groups i.e. control and treatment. Treatment group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy and analyzed on day 10 with respect to control. After biofield treatment, following parameters like antimicrobial susceptibility, MIC values, biochemical reactions and biotype number were measured by MicroScan Walk-Away ® (Dade Behring Inc., USA) using Negative Break Point Combo (NBPC 30) panel with respect to control groups.
Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility assay
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. maltophilia was studied using MicroScan Walk-Away ® NBPC30 as per manufacturer's instructions. The qualitative antimicrobial susceptibility pattern (S: Susceptible, I: Intermediate, and R: Resistant) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined by observing the lowest antimicrobial concentration showing growth inhibition [18]. The antimicrobials used in the susceptibility assay and MIC calculations viz. amikacin, amox/K-clavulanate, amp/sulbactum, ampicillin, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefepime, cefotetan, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), gentamicin, gatifloxacin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, moxifloxacin, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, ticarcillin/K- clavulanate, tobramycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
Biochemical study
The biochemical reactions of control and treated S. maltophilia were determined by MicroScan Walk-Away ® system in both control and treated groups [18].
Identification by biotype number
The biotype numbers of S. maltophilia control and treated sample were determined by MicroScan Walk-Away ® processed panel data report with the help of biochemical reaction data [18].
Results Antimicrobial susceptibility
Results of antimicrobial sensitivity pattern and MIC are summarized in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. The biofield treatment on MDR strain of S. maltophilia showed a significant change in sensitivity pattern from I→R with different MIC values of tested antimicrobials such as ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and ticarcillin/K-clavulanate. Amikacin sensitivity converted from R→I with altered MIC value (i.e. 32 μg/ml), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole changed from S→R, and chloramphenicol converted from S→I with altered MIC value (i.e. 16 μg/ml). Amoxicillin/clavulanate was reported with altered MIC value that was greater than 16/8 μg/ml as compared to control. Rest of the tested antimicrobials did not showed any change in sensitivity pattern and MIC value.

Table 1. The result of antimicrobial sensitivity assay of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in control and biofield treated group.

Table 2. Minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobials in control and treated groups after biofield treatment on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

Overall, results showed a change of 37.5% in susceptibility pattern and 33.3% in MIC values of tested antimicrobials. All these changes were observed after 10 days of biofield treatment as compared to control group.
Biochemical reaction
Table 3 summarizes the biochemical reactions denoted with codes in control and biofield treated group on day 10. Results showed an alteration of 39.4% in biochemical study likewise in acetamide (i.e. from (+) positive to (-) negative reaction) while reverse responses (i.e. from (-) negative to (+) positive reaction) in adonitol, arabinose, colistin, glucose, melibiose, nitrate, oxidation-fermentation, raffinose, rhaminose, sorbitol, sucrose, and Voges-Proskauer were reported after biofield treatment as compared with control.

Table 3. Effect of biofield treatment on biochemical reactions of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Organism identification by biotype number
Based on the biochemical results, change in biotype number was observed in biofield treated group at day 10 of S. maltophilia with respect to control. After alteration in biotype number the organism was identified as Enterobacter aerogenes (Table 4).

Table 4. Effect of biofield treatment on S. maltophilia to distinguishing feature of the genotype.
Discussion
Biofield treatment was reported as an alternative therapy and termed as frontier medicine in different fields [19]. This experimental study was designed to demonstrate the effect on susceptibility pattern, biochemical reaction and biotype number after biofield treatment in MDR strain of S. maltophilia .

The emergence of MDR of S. maltophilia harbored a global health problem and an emerging Gram-negative MDROs commonly associated with severe systemic and respiratory infections in human. MDR is an unavoidable natural phenomenon which compels continuous discovery of newer drugs causing serious public health problems. Various mechanisms involved in MDR include alteration in the cell membrane composition of microorganism resulting in decreased permeability and uptake of drugs into the cell [20], overexpression of drug target enzymes or altered the drug target through mutation [21], and drug efflux pumps remains the predominant mechanism in MDRO [22]. Now a days, S. maltophilia acquires resistance against broad range of antimicrobials, including trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, β -lactam antibiotics, macrolides, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, and polymyxins. Due to this, use of combination therapy is suggested rather than monotherapy against S. maltophilia infection. Amikacin is the best drug of choice in combination with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole due to its high activity and favorite outcomes [23]. Our results showed a change in sensitivity pattern of amikacin from resistant to intermediate (R→I) along with changes in sensitivity of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (i.e. S→R) and chloramphenicol (i.e. S→I). Apart from this, sensitivity pattern of ceftazidime levofloxacin, and ticarcillin/k-clavulanate also changed from I→R. Above antimicrobials are the newer combination strategy against treatment of S. maltophilia infection [24,25]. These results suggest that biofield treatment possibly made some alterations either in some enzymatic pathways of microorganism or a change at genetic level, which leads to alter the phenotypic features of S. maltophilia like sensitivity pattern and MIC values in biofield treated group.

S. maltophilia has the ability to survive in nutrient-poor aqueous medium or environment. Typical biochemical reactions of S. maltophilia showed negative responses in case of oxidase, indole, arabinose, rhamnose, hydrogen sulfide, and Voges-Proskauer [26]. In this study, similar pattern was shown in control group in tested microbe, but biofield treatment has changed the biochemical reaction pattern from negative to positive reaction in case of adonitol, arabinose, colistin, glucose, melibiose, nitrate, oxidation-fermentation, raffinose, rhaminose, sorbitol, sucrose, and Voges-Proskauer as compared with control. Biotyping was performed using an automated system and found a significant changed in biotype number (04262330) in treated group on day 10, and organism identified as Enterobacter aerogenes (77304366) after biofield treatment.

A major challenge for research in microbiology and MDROs is its ability to adapt to the local environment and alter the antimicrobial activities. Due to MDR infections, development of new treatment approach is required. Biofield treatment as an alternate and complementary medicine, increasingly used in biomedical health care system [27]. However, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine/National Institute of Health (NCCAM/NIH), now defined biofield therapies in subcategory of energy therapies as one of the five complementary medicine domains [28]. Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatments in pathogenic microbes were extensively studied and had shown significant alteration in the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern, biochemical reactions, and biotype number [15-17]. Biofield treatment might be responsible to do alteration in microorganism at genetic level and/or enzymatic level, which may act on receptor protein. While altering receptor protein, ligand-receptor/protein interactions may also alter that could lead to show different phenotypic characteristics. Hence a cascade of intra-cellular signals may be initiated, accelerated or inhibited [29]. These results indicate that biofield treatment has altered the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials which leads to alter the phenotypic features of S. maltophilia . Considering that there are no side effects in the biofield treatment, as experimentally proofed in other reports of cancer model, stress management, and in healing process by biofield energy. The study results indicate that biofield treatment significantly altered the sensitivity pattern and biotype number of S. maltophilia .
Conclusion
Present study concludes there was a significant impact of biofield treatment of susceptibility pattern of antimicrobials, biochemical reactions, and biotype number of MDR strain of S. maltophilia . On the basis of above results, future studies can be designed with respect to genotypic identification of new microorganism, or biofield treatment modality could be further evaluated on the basis of different distance and time interval against pathogenic microbes, viruses, parasites, cell lines etc. Biofield treatment could be applied in future to alter the sensitivity of antimicrobials, which may be useful, if resistant profile is changed in to sensitive against antimicrobials used for multidrug resistant organisms.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
Acknowledgement
Authors gratefully acknowledged the whole team of PD Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, Microbiology Lab for their support.
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7.Clarke TC, Black LI, Stussman BJ, Barnes PM, Nahin RL (2015) Trends in the use of complementary health approaches among adults: Unites States, 2002-2012. National health statistics reports; no 79. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
8.Lucchetti G, de Oliveira RF, Gonçalves JP, Ueda SM, Mimica LM, et al. (2013) Effect of Spiritist "passe" (Spiritual healing) on growth of bacterial cultures. Complement Ther Med 21: 627-632.
9.Maxwell J (1865) A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field. Phil Trans R Soc (Lond.) 155: 459-512.
10.Zahra M, Farsi M (2009) Biofield therapies: Biophysical basis and biological regulations. Complement Ther Clin Pract 15: 35-37.
11.Patil SA, Nayak GB, Barve SS, Tembe RP, Khan RR (2012) Impact of biofield treatment on growth and anatomical characteristics of Pogostemon cablin (Benth.). Biotechnology 11: 154-162.
12.Altekar N, Nayak G (2015) Effect of biofield treatment on plant growth and adaptation. J Environ Health Sci 1(2): 1-9.
13.Dabhade VV, Tallapragada RR, Trivedi MK (2009) Effect of external energy on atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of antimony and bismuth powders. Bull Mat Sci 32: 471-479.
14.Trivedi MK, Patil S, Tallapragada RM (2012) Thought Intervention through Biofield Changing Metal Powder Characteristics Experiments on Powder Characterisation at a PM Plant, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Editor: Wei Deng, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering-Future Control and Automation 173: 247-252.
15.Trivedi MK, Patil S (2008) Impact of an external energy on Staphylococcus epidermis [ATCC-13518] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions-an experimental study. J Accord Integr Med 4: 230-235.
16.Trivedi MK, Patil S (2008) Impact of an external energy on Yersinia enterocolitica [ATCC-23715] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions: an experimental study. Internet J Alternat Med 6: 13.
17.Trivedi MK, Bhardwaj Y, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bulbule A (2009) Impact of an external energy on Enterococcus faecalis [ATCC-51299] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions-an experimental study. J Accord Integr Med 5: 119-130.
18.Fader RC, Weaver E, Fossett R, Toyras M, Vanderlaan J, et al. (2013) Multilaboratory study of the biomic automated well-reading instrument versus MicroScan WalkAway for reading MicroScan antimicrobial Susceptibility and identification panels. J Clin Microbiol 51(5): 1548-1554.
19.Krucoff MW, Crater SW, Gallup D, Blankenship JC, Cuffe M, et al. (2005) Music, imagery, touch, and prayer as adjuncts to interventional cardiac care: the monitoring and actualisation of noetic trainings (MANTRA) II randomized study. Lancet 366: 211-217.
20.Tenover FC (2006) Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. Am J Med 119: S3-S10.
21.He X, Li S, Kaminskyj SG (2013) Using Aspergillus nidulans to identify antifungal drug resistance mutations. Eukaryot Cell 13: 288-294.
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23.Entenza JM, Moreillon P (2009) Tigecycline in combination with other antimicrobials: a review of in vitro, animal and case report studies. Int J Antimicrob Agents 34: 8.e1-8.e9.
24.Maisetta G, Mangoni ML, Esin S, Pichierri G, Capria AL, et al. (2009) In vitro bactericidal activity of the N-terminal fragment of the frog peptide esculentin-1b (Esc 1-18) in combination with conventional antibiotics against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Peptides 30: 1622-1626.
25.Zelenitsky SA, Iacovides H, Ariano RE, Harding GKM (2005) Antibiotic combinations significantly more active than monotherapy in an in vitro infection model of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 51: 39-43.
26.Carmody LA, Spilker T, LiPuma JJ (2011) Reassessment of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phenotype. J Clin Microbiol 49: 1101-1103.
27.Turner JG, Clark AJ, Gauthier DK, Williams M (1998) The effect of therapeutic touch on pain and anxiety in burn patients. J Adv Nurs 28: 10-20.
28.Koithan M (2009) Introducing Complementary and Alternative Therapies. J Nurse Pract 5: 18-20.
29.Hintz KJ, Yount GL, Kadar I, Schwartz G (2003) Bioenergy definitions and research guidelines. Altern Ther Health Med 9: A13
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Antimicrobials Susceptibility, MDR of S. Maltophilia

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Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Shrikant Patil, Harish Shettigar, Mayank Gangwar and Snehasis Jana DOI: 10.4172/2327-5073.1000211 ISSN: 2327-5073 Citation Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen. Clin Microbiol 4: 211.

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	Potential Impact of Biofield on HIV Viral Load Test
	

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	Potential Impact of Biofield on HIV Viral Load Test
	

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The current study was performed to determine the impact of energy treatment on HIV & HCV viral load test.

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American Journal of Health Research
Published November 9, 2015,

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana. In vitro Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Viral Load Against Human Immunodeficiency-1 and Cytomegalo Viruses. American Journal of Health Research. Vol. 3, No. 6, 2015, pp. 338-343. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20150306.14

In vitro Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Viral Load Against Human Immunodeficiency-1 and Cytomegalo Viruses

Manuscript Link:
http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20150306.14.pdf

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana

DOI: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20150306.14 ISSN: 2330-8788(Print)2330-8796 (Online)
Citation
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana. In vitro Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Viral Load Against Human Immunodeficiency-1 and Cytomegalo Viruses. American Journal of Health Research. Vol. 3, No. 6, 2015, pp. 338-343. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20150306.14
Abstract
Viral load quantification is the amount of particular viral DNA or RNA in a blood samples. It is one of the surrogate biomarker of AIDS. High viral load indicates that the immune system is failed to fight against viruses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on HIV-1 and HCMV in terms of viral loads as surrogate marker. The viral load assay was performed on stored stock cultures of HIV infected human plasma samples before and after 7 days of biofield treatment using Roche COBAS ® AMPLICOR analyzer. Viral load (HIV-1 RNA and HCMV DNAaemia) was considered as surrogate marker for assessment of the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment in HIV infected stored plasma samples. The viral load quantification of HIV-1 RNA in infected stored plasma samples was significantly reduced by 65% in biofield treated group as compared to control. Additionally, viral load of HCMV DNAaemia in infected stored plasma samples was also reduced by 80% in the biofield treated group as compared to control. Because, children are more prone to HCMV infection and adults are generally liable to suffer from HIV-1 infection. As the biofield treatment has reduced HCMV DNAaemia, it could be beneficial for HIV infected children populations. Altogether, data suggest that biofield treatment has significantly reduced the viral load quantification in HIV-1 and HCMV infected stored plasma samples and could be a suitable alternative treatment strategy for AIDS patients in near future.

Keywords: Human Immune Deficiency Virus, Biofield Treatment, Cytomegalo Virus, Viral Load, HIV RNA, HCMV DNAaemia, AIDS, Surrogate Biomarker
1. Introduction
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the main causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) [1]. HIV is a worldwide pandemic disease, and the number of infected peoples around the world increasing day by day. Recent estimate from World Health Organization (WHO) shows that 16.3 million people have died from AIDS since the beginning of the epidemic. Currently, around 34.3 million people alive with HIV infection, in which approximately 7% are young adults [2], infected with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) across the mucosal surfaces or by direct inoculation. The virus first attacks to dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequently spreads to cluster of differentiation - 4 (CD ⁴⁺) T lymphocytes [3]. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a vernacular name of the human herpes virus - 5, a highly host-specific virus of the herpesviridae family rarely causes symptoms. The target DNA sequence is specific, located within the HCMV DNA polymerase gene, and is not homologous to other members of the human herpes virus family. The pregnant women and immune weakened persons are highly prone to acquire infection by HCMV virus. It spreads through various body fluids, such as blood, urine, saliva, semen, and breast milk. It may also causes serious morbidity and mortality in organ transplant recipients, immunocompromised, HIV infected patients and congenitally infected newborns [4]. HCMV is mainly prevalent in kidney transplant patients. The viral 'threshold load' is very sensitive and specific for predicting both white blood cell and platelet quantification in kidney transplant patients. The threshold value is more than 10000 copies/mL considered as HCMV infection [5]. In infected adults, HIV viral load is predictive of progression to AIDS [6, 7] and HCMV DNAaemia predicts progression to disease, particularly retinitis [8]. Several study reports have confirmed the relation between HIV-1 viral load and HCMV DNAaemia levels in terms of prediction of disease (AIDS) progression in both adults [6, 7] and children [9,10]. Researchers found an excellent correlation between two viruses i.e. HIV infected adults are highly predictable for the development of HCMV end organ disease [11]. Hence, in this experiment the dual viruses were taken into consideration as a rational. Immunomodulatory therapies are currently used against HIV-1 infections which include mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and various vaccines [12]. Although several treatment strategie are available against AIDS patients infected by HIV-1 such as antiretroviral agents and vaccination. But some difficulties are also present. Based on above lacunas, there is a need of an alternative way which may be useful to determine the viral loads by either enhancing the application of existing agents or by means of some alternative strategy or developing new drugs. Biofield treatment is an alternative approach which may be useful to improve these unfilled space associated with AIDS infected patients. Mr. Trivedi's unique biofield treatment (The Trivedi Effect ®) has been extensively contributes in scientific communities in several fields [13-16]. Therefore, authors interested, to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on viral load in HIV and HCMV infected plasma samples.
2. Materials and Methods
The viral samples (HIV-1 and HCMV) as stored stock cultures were procured from department of microbiology laboratory, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai. The viral load assay was performed on HIV patients stored plasma samples before and after treatment using Roche COBAS AMPLICOR analyzer according to manufacturer's instructions.
2.1. Biofield Treatment Strategy and Experimental Design
Two sets of each viral samples (HIV-1; 31 samples and HCMV; 5 samples) of HIV and HCMV infected stored plasma were used in this experiment for determination of viral load quantification. The first sets of both viral samples were considered as control. No treatment was given to these sets. The second sets of both viral samples were subjected to Mr. Mahendra Trivedi's biofield treatment, considered as treated group. Both control and treated samples were analyzed after 7 days for viral load quantification in as per the standard protocols. An optimum precautionary measure was taken to maintain the cold chain throughout the experiment. The differences of viral load quantification before and after the treatment were noted.
2.2. COBAS® Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor Test
The COBAS ® amplicor HIV-1 monitor test (v1.5) is an in vitro nucleic acid amplification test approved by food and drug administration (FDA) for the quantification of HIV-1 RNA in human plasma on the COBAS AMPLICOR TM analyzer. This technique is a gold standard automated solution for testing of HIV-1 viral loads in major pharmaceutical trials [17].
2.3. COBAS® Amplicor CMV Monitor Test
The COBAS ® amplicor CMV monitor test is FDA approved in vitro amplification test for the quantification of HCMV DNA in human plasma on the COBAS AMPLICOR TM analyzer. This is an automated, sensitive, reliable, and specific method for quantification of cytomegalo viral loads in HCMV infected patients with high productivity (600 copies/mL to 100,000 copies/mL) [18].
3. Results and Discussion
Viral load (Fig. 1) means the amount of HIV RNA or HCMV DNA particles per milliliter of blood sample. Higher the viral titer indicates that the immune system is failed to fight against HIV or HCMV.

The viral loads of HIV-1 and HCMV expressed as copies/ml are shown in Table 1 and 2, respectively. HIV RNA and HCMV DNA (viral load) and CD ⁴⁺ T lymphocyte cell count are the two surrogate markers of HIV patients [19].

All the values are expressed as (IU/mL); Serial number 1-31 denoted as viral stock human plasma samples.

All the values are expressed as (IU/mL); Serial number 1-5 denoted as viral stock human plasma samples

In this experiment, vial load was considered as surrogate biomarker for assessment of the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment. Study was carried out in total thirty one infected human stored plasma samples. The result showed that viral load of HIV RNA in infected plasma samples were reduced by 65% out of thirty one samples after biofield treatment as compared to control. In addition, viral load were increased by 32% in biofield treated group and 3% unchanged as compared to control (Figure 2A and 3).

Figure 1. Schematic diagram related to viral load and its risk manifestation.

Figure 2. Percentage change of viral load of A. (HIV RNA) in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and B. (HCMV DNA) in human cytomegalo virus (HCMV) after biofield treatment.

According to Greene et al. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), about 2000 reported that bioelectromagnetic based therapy i.e. biofield is used as an effective [20], and alternative therapy in HIV/AIDS infected patients [21]. This study findings also explored in pros of biofield treatment against HIV infections. This study further emphasized to HCMV that are responsible for progression of AIDS. Viral load quantification of HCMV DNA were determine in total five infected stored plasma samples. The results showed that viral load of HCMV DNA in infected stored plasma samples were significantly reduced by 80% after biofield treatment as compared to control. The study outcomes showed a significant improvement of biofield treatment. Besides, the viral load of HCMV DNA were increased by 0% and unable to detect about 20% in biofield treated group as compared to control (Figure 2B and 4).

Because, 20% of HCMV DNA are inactive not in multiplying state but infectious. Based on existing literatures, HCMV load in the plasma samples of HIV infected or AIDS patients is an important factor in the pathogenesis of retinitis [22]. Another study data indicates that the risk of HCMV disease and death occurs in AIDS patients is directly proportional to the quantity of HCMV DNA (viral load) in plasma, and the viral load quantification is a better predictor than CD ⁴⁺ T lymphocyte count [23]. The viral particles i.e. HIV RNA and HCMV DNA those are in multiplying state, possibly affected by Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment. The specific frequencies of electromagnetic radiation which matches with the resonance frequencies of RNA or DNA, probably disintegrate the respective viral RNA/DNA and disrupted thus reduced the viable viral titer and vice versa [24,25]. According to a recent report regarding biofield treatment which was later approved by the German equivalent of the FDA emphasized that cancer patients have experienced healing with biofield treatment. Nowadays, many scientists and cutting edge practitioners believed that the secrets of regeneration and healing lie not only on costly medical drugs or expensive medical treatments, but also in the body's own Quantum Energy Biofield (QEB) [26]. Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment has shown to improve overall productivity in the field of agriculture, biotechnology,material science and others field also, without utilization of any drugs. So, it is assumed that biofield treatment would be cost effective as compared to the existing treatment strategy.

Figure 3. Difference in viral load of HIV RNA of 31 viral stock human plasma samples after biofield treatment. VT- Viral load in treatment (IU/mL); VC- Viral load in control (IU/mL).

Figure 4. Difference in viral load of HCMV DNA of 5 viral stock human plasma samples after biofield treatment. VT- Viral load in treatment (IU/mL); VC- Viral load in control (IU/mL).

Overall, the study data indicates that biofield treatment significantly reduced the viral load of HIV-1 and simultaneously eliminate the viral load of HCMV from infected human plasma samples. Based on the obtained results, it is presumed that biofield treatment could be novel, cost effective and an alternative advanced strategy towards AIDS patients.

All the values are expressed as (IU/mL); Serial number 1-31 denoted as viral stock human plasma samples.
Table 1. Viral load of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) in infected stored plasma samples.

All the values are expressed as (IU/mL); Serial number 1-5 denoted as viral stock human plasma samples.
Table 2. Viral loads of human cytomegalo virus (HCMV) in infected stored plasma samples.
4. Conclusion
To summarize, the study results showed significant (65%) reduction of HIV RNA viral load from infected plasma samples in the biofield treated group. Experimental data also showed 80% elimination of HCMV DNAaemia from infected plasma samples after biofield treatment. It is assumed that Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment could be beneficial to improve the viral loads in HIV-1 infected AIDS patients specially children with high level of HCMV DNAaemia.
Acknowledgement
The Authors gratefully acknowledged to Trivedi Science, Trivedi Testimonials and Trivedi Master Wellness and P.D. hinduja national hospital and medical research centre, Mumbai, India for their support.
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[13] Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RM, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, et al. (2015) Characterization of physical, spectral and thermal properties of biofield treated 1,2,4-Triazole. J Mol Pharm Org Process Res 3: 128.
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[18] Irene GS, Jennie AW, Mark JE, Carlos VP (2000) Thomas FS evaluation of the COBAS AMPLICOR CMV MONITOR Test for detection of viral DNA in specimens taken from patients after liver transplantation. J Clin Microbiol 38: 600-606. [19] Murray JS, Elashoff MR, Iacono-Connors LC, Cvetkovich TA, Struble KA (1999) The use of plasma HIV RNA as a study endpoint in efficacy trials of antiretroviral drugs. AIDS. 13: 797-804.
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[26] Marshall RJ The best kept secret in nutrition: The body's biofield communication system. Premier research labs. Austin, TX 78667.
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HIV & HCV Viral Load Test, Evaluation of Biofield Energy

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American Journal of Health Research Published November 9, 2015, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana. In vitro Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Viral Load Against Human Immunodeficiency-1 and Cytomegalo Viruses. American Journal of Health Research. Vol. 3, No. 6, 2015, pp. 338-343.

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	 Genotyping Characterization of Staphylococcus Aureus
	

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	 Genotyping Characterization of Staphylococcus Aureus
	

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The main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of unique healing therapy on staphylococcus aureus characteristics i.e. genotyping characterization of staphylococcus aureus etc.

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	 Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Staphylococcus Saprophyticus
	

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	 Antimicrobial Sensitivity of Staphylococcus Saprophyticus
	

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Study shows the impact of energy treatment on S.saprophyticus for evaluation of antibiogram profile such as biochemical and antimicrobial sensitivity of S.saprophyticus sensitivity

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Women's Health Care
Received September 21, 2015; Accepted September 23, 2015; Published October 01, 2015

Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Mondal SC, et al. (2015) Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotyping of Staphylococcus saprophyticus: An Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment. J Women's Health Care 4: 271. doi:10.4172/2167-0420.1000271

Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotyping of Staphylococcus saprophyticus: An Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment

Manuscript Link:
http://www.omicsgroup.org/journals/antimicrobial-sensitivity-biochemical-characteristics-and-biotyping-ofstaphylococcus-saprophyticus-an-impact-of-biofield-energy-treatment-2167-0420-1000271.pdf

Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak , Sambhu Charan Mondal and Snehasis Jana *

DOI: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000271 ISSN: 2167-0420
Citation
Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Mondal SC, et al. (2015) Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotyping of Staphylococcus saprophyticus: An Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment. J Women's Health Care 4: 271. doi:10.4172/2167-0420.1000271
Abstract
Staphylococcus saprophyticus ( S. saprophyticus) is a frequent cause of urinary tract infection in the young women. The current study was designed to analyze the effect of biofield energy treatment on S. saprophyticus for evaluation of its antibiogram profile, biochemical reactions pattern and biotyping characteristics. Two sets of ATCC samples were taken in this experiment and denoted as A and B. Sample A was revived and divided into two parts Group (Gr.I) (control) and Gr.II (revived); likewise, sample B was labeled as Gr.III (lyophilized). Gr. II and III were given with Mr. Trivedi's biofield energy treatment. The control and treated groups of S. saprophyticus cells were tested with respect to antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions pattern and biotype number using MicroScan Walk-Away ® system. The 50% out of twenty-eight tested antimicrobials showed significant alteration in susceptibility and 36.67% out of thirty antimicrobials showed an alteration in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of S. saprophyticus in revived treated cells (Gr. II, day 10), while no alteration was found in lyophilized treated cells (Gr. III, day 10) as compared to the control. It was also observed that overall 14.81%, out of twenty-seven biochemical reactions were altered in the revived treated group with respect to the control. Moreover, biotype number was changed in Gr. II, on day 5 (246076) and in Gr. III, on day 10 (242066), while organism along-with biotype number was also changed in Gr. II, on day 10 (342066, Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus) as compared to the control (242076, S. saprophyticus). The result suggested that biofield treatment has the significant impact on S. saprophyticus in revived treated cells with respect to the antimicrobial susceptibility, MIC, biochemical reactions pattern and biotype.

Keywords: Staphylococcus saprophyticus; Antimicrobial susceptibility; Biofield energy treatment; Biochemical reaction; Biotype; Antibiogram; Gram-positive

Abbreviations: NIH/NCCAM: National Institute of Health/ National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine; ATCC: American Type Culture Collection; PBPC 20: Positive Breakpoint Combo 20; MIC: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration; CoNS: Coagulase-negative staphylococci; UTIs: Urinary tract infections
Introduction
Staphylococcus saprophyticus ( S. saprophyticus) is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative facultative bacterium belongs to Micrococcaceae family. It is a unique uropathogen associated with uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially cystitis in young women. Young women are very susceptible to colonize this organism in the urinary tracts and it is spread through sexual intercourse. S. saprophyticus is the second most common pathogen after Escherichia coli causing 10-20% of all UTIs in sexually active young women [1- 3]. It contains the urease enzymes that hydrolyze the urea to produce ammonia. The urease activity is the main factor for UTIs infection. Apart from urease activity it has numerous transporter systems to adjust against change in pH, osmolarity, and concentration of urea in human urine [2]. After severe infections, it causes various complications such as native valve endocarditis [4], pyelonephritis, septicemia, [5], and nephrolithiasis [6]. About 150 million people are diagnosed with UTIs each year worldwide [7]. Several virulence factors includes due to the adherence to urothelial cells by release of lipoteichoic acid is a surface-associated adhesion amphiphile [8], a hemagglutinin that binds to fibronectin and hemagglutinates sheep erythrocytes [9], a hemolysin; and production of extracellular slime are responsible for resistance properties of S. saprophyticus [1]. Based on literature, S. saprophyticus strains are susceptible to vancomycin, rifampin, gentamicin and amoxicillin-clavulanic, while resistance to other antimicrobials such as erythromycin, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, oxacillin, and penicillin [10]. An alternative i.e., biofield energy based healing therapy is recently reported to alter the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in different microorganisms [11]. Biofield (putative energy fields) or electromagnetic based energy therapies, used to promote health and healing had been exclusively reported by National Institute of Health/ National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NIH/ NCCAM) [12]. The human body naturally emits the waves in the form of bio-photons, which surrounds the body and it is commonly known as biofield. In the recent year, Prakash et al. reported that various scientific instruments such as Kirlian photography, polycontrast interference photography and resonance field imaging can be extensively used to measure the biofield of human body [13]. Although, a human has the capability to harness the energy from the environment or universe and can transmit it into any object(s) around the Globe. The objects always receive the energy and responding in a useful way that is called biofield energy and the process is called as biofield treatment. Mr. Trivedi's unique biofield energy treatment (The Trivedi Effect ®) has been known to alter the characteristics features of pathogenic microbes [14,15], an improved growth and productivity of plants [16,17] and also able to alter the thermophysical properties of metal and ceramic in materials science [18,19]. Due to the clinical importance of S. saprophyticus and literature reports on biofield, this work was undertaken to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment in relation to the antimicrobials susceptibility and biotyping based on various biochemical characteristics.
Materials and Methods
S. saprophyticus, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 15305) strains were procured from MicroBioLogics, Inc., USA, in two sets A and B. The antimicrobials and biochemicals were used in this experiment procured from Sigma-Aldrich, MA, USA. The antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reaction pattern and biotype number were estimated with the help of MicroScan Walk-Away ® (Dade Behring Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA) using Positive Breakpoint Combo 20 (PBPC 20) panel.
Experimental Design
Two ATCC 15305 samples A and B of S. saprophyticus were grouped (Gr.). ATCC A sample was revived and divided into two parts named as Gr.I (control) and Gr.II (revived, treated); likewise, ATCC B was labeled as Gr.III (lyophilized, treated).
Biofield Treatment Strategy
The control sample (Gr. 1) was remained as untreated. The treated groups, Gr. II and III were handed over in sealed pack to Mr. Trivedi for biofield energy treatment under laboratory conditions. Mr. Trivedi provided the treatment through his energy transmission process to the treated groups (Gr. II and Gr. III) without touching the samples. After treatment, all treated samples were stored for analysis in the same condition. Gr.II was assessed at two time point i.e. on day 5 and 10 and Gr. III was assessed on day 10 after the biofield treatment, for antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions pattern and biotyping.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test
The antimicrobial susceptibility of S. saprophyticus was carried out with the help of automated instrument, MicroScan Walk-Away ® using PBPC 20 panel. The panel was allowed to equilibrate to room temperature before rehydration. All opened panels were used on the same day. The tests carried out on MicroScan were miniaturized of the broth dilution susceptibility test that has been dehydrated. Briefly, 0.1 mL of the standardized suspension of S. saprophyticus cultured cells were taken into 25 mL of inoculum water using pluronic and inverted 8 to 10 times and inoculated, rehydrated, and then subjected to incubation for 16 hours at 35°C. After that, rehydration and followed by inoculation were performed using the RENOK® system with inoculators-D (B1013- 4). Approximately 25 mL of standardized inoculum suspension was poured into the inoculum tray. The detailed experimental procedure and conditions were maintained as per the manufacturer's instructions. The antibiogram profile like as susceptible, resistant, β-lactamase positive (BLAC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined [20].
Biochemical Reaction Studies
The biochemical reactions of S. saprophyticus were determined using MicroScan Walk-Away ® system with PBPC 20 panel. Preparation of PBPC 20 panel, inoculum and followed by dehydration and rehydration were performed in a similar way as mentioned in the antimicrobial susceptibility assay for the analysis of biochemical reactions followed by biotype number. The MicroScan Walk-Away ® system contains photometric or fluorogenic reader. On the basis of nature of bacilli (i.e. Gram-positive), computerized reports were generated using conventional panel, which utilizes the photometric reader. Before commencing the experiment, the PBPC 20 panel was first incubated and read on the MicroScan Walkaway system. After evaluating the experimental reading on the Walkaway system, the PBPC 20 panel was removed from the system and recorded on the Biomic system within 1 h. The instrument consists of a database associated with collective information, which was required to identify the microbes with respect to group, genera, or species of the family. Detailed experimental procedure was followed as per manufacturerrecommended instructions [20].
Identification of Organism By Biotype Number
The biotype number of S. saprophyticus was determined on MicroScan Walk-Away ® processed panel data report with the help of biochemical reactions data. The similar experimental procedure was followed for identification of biotype number as described in biochemical reaction study, and as per manufacturer-recommended instructions [20].
Results and Discussion Antimicrobial susceptibility test
The data obtained in this experiment related to antimicrobials sensitivity profile and MIC values are illustrated in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. After biofield energy treatment, the data were analyzed and compared with respect to the control. The study was carried out with twenty-eight antimicrobials for assessment of susceptibility assay and thirty antimicrobials for estimation of MIC. Several antimicrobials viz. amoxicillin/k-clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefazolin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cephalothin, clindamycin, imipenem, oxacillin, synercid and vancomycin were converted from susceptible (S) to resistance (R) in revived treated strain of S. saprophyticus (Gr. II) on day 10, while S in Gr. II, on day 5 and in Gr. III on day 10 as compared to the control (Gr. I). Moreover, ampicillin and penicillin were changed the sensitivity pattern from S to β-lactamase positive (BLAC) in Gr. II on day 10, while remained same i.e., S in Gr. II, on day 5 and in lyophilized treated cells (Gr. III) on day 10 with respect to the untreated group. Based on the literature, the species S. saprophyticus has the ability to produce BLAC or penicillinase enzyme that breakdowns the β-lactam ring present in penem heteronucleus [21]. In this experiment, the enzyme production ability might be enhanced after biofield energy treatment in revived treated cells. Hence, these two penem containing antibiotics showed BLAC response in Gr. II that was susceptible in the control sample. In this experiment, authors have found that after biofield treatment the organism could be able to produce β-lactamase enzyme that breaks the β-lactam ring present in either penems or cephems nucleus. Overall, the treated cells of S. saprophyticus showed a significant (50%) alteration (fourteen out of twenty-eight) in antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in the revived treated Gr. II on day 10 as compared with the control. Fourteen, out of twenty-eight tested antimicrobials did not show any alteration in the sensitivity profile of the treated cells of S. saprophyticus. The MIC values had revealed that various antibiotics such as ampicillin/sulbactam, cefazolin, imipenem, linezolid, and synercid were altered by two-fold in the revived treated group as compared to the control. Moreover, the MIC values of vancomycin and oxacillin were changed after biofield energy treatment by eight-fold in Gr. II on day 10 as compared to the control. The alterations in MIC values were observed by several-fold in ampicillin, clindamycin, oxacillin, and penicillin, in Gr. II on day 10 as compared to the control. Amoxicillin/k-clavulanate showed slight alteration in MIC in Gr. II on day 10 while unaltered in rest of treated groups with respect to the control. Overall, 36.67% (eleven out of thirty) antimicrobials exhibited an alteration in MIC value in revived treated cells (Gr. II, day 10) and rest of the antimicrobials did not report any change in MIC values in all the treated groups as compared to the control (Table 2). To achieve a strain-specific targeted drug therapy for UTIs, in vitro patient-specific data are necessary because, the data had provided wide geographical variability [22-24]. The production of β-lactamase is common among staphylococci and is the prime mechanism of penicillin resistance by these organisms. However, some researchers unable to find the enzyme that are responsible for resistance among the strain of S. saprophyticus [25,26].

R: Resistant; S: Susceptible; Gr.: Group; −, Data not available; BLAC: β-lactamase positive.
Table 1: Antibiogram of Staphylococcus saprophyticus: Effect of biofield treatment on antimicrobial susceptibility.

MIC data are presented in μg/mL; Gr: Group; −, Data not available
Table 2: Effect of biofield treatment on Staphylococcus saprophyticus to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of tested antimicrobials.
Biochemical reactions studies
The study of biochemical reactions are the test battery for phenotypic identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). The specific biochemical that showed some changes against S. saprophyticus after biofield treatment as shown in Table 3. Based on literature, for identification of CoNS it is necessary to perform initially the fermentation activities of xylose, sucrose, trehalose, maltose and mannitol, hemolysin production and anaerobic growth in thioglycollate [27]. In this experiment, the study results showed the positive (+) reactions of mannitol (MAN) and trehalose (TRE) that preliminary supported the control strain of S. saprophyticus. Based on these findings, rest of the biochemical reactions were performed including urease production, nitrate reduction, β-ornithine decarboxylation, and novobiocin resistance. However, after biofield energy treatment on S. saprophyticus the positive (+) reaction of MAN was converted to negative (-) in Gr. II and III on day 10 and TRE was converted to negative (-) in Gr. II on day 10 only as compared to the control. Several researchers reported that for the identification of S. saprophyticus in urine samples urease and novobiocin are the feasible alternative in support of this organism [28,29]. Here, the positive (+) reactions of urea (URE) and novobiocin (NOV) were matched with literature data. However, the positive (+) reactions of URE and NOV did not alter in all the treated groups that indicated that the basis phenotypic characteristics were not affected by biofield energy treatment on S. saprophyticus. Apart from these, the reduction of nitrate (NIT) is also another characteristics biochemical reaction for the identification of CoNS [30]. In this experiment, the negative (-) reaction of NIT indicated the reduction reaction in control sample that was correlated with the literature data. However, the conversion of negative (-) to positive (+) reaction of NIT in Gr. II on day 10 could be due to change in enzymatic reaction occurred after biofield energy treatment. If the bacterium has the ability to ferment butanediol then it showed positive reaction. It was described previously that the organism S. saprophyticus can ferment only xylose, sucrose, trehalose, maltose and mannitol. Hence, the negative (-) reaction of Voges-Proskauer (VP) was well supported with the literature data. However, the conversion to positive (+) reaction of VP in Gr. II on day 5 may be due to the effect of biofield energy treatment. These alterations of series of biochemical reactions occur due to change in enzymatic or metabolic activities after biofield treatment. Overall, 14.81% biochemical reactions were altered in tested twenty-seven biochemicals with respect to the control after biofield treatment. Rest of the biochemicals, did not show any change in all the treated groups after biofield treatment as compared to the control.

-: Negative; +: Positive; Gr: Group; *PGR: p-nitro phenyl β-D- glucuronide; #PGT: p-nitro phenyl β-D-galactopyranoside
Table 3: Effect of biofield treatment on Staphylococcus saprophyticus to the biochemical reaction pattern.

Gr: Group
Table 4: Effect of biofield treatment on biotype number of Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
Identification of organism by biotype number
The species ( S. saprophyticus) was identified based on the variety of conventional biochemical characters and biotyping. In this experiment, biotyping was performed using automated systems, and the results found significant changes in the biofield treated Gr. II (on day 5) and Gr. III (on day 10). Based on the biochemical results, biotype number was changed in the treated Gr. II on day 5 (246076, Staphylococcus saprophyticus), on day 10 (342064, Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus), and Gr. III on day 10 (242066, Staphylococcus saprophyticus) with respect to the control (242076) i.e., S. saprophyticus (Table 4). Biofield treatment might be responsible to do alteration in microorganism at enzymatic and/or genetic level, which may act on receptor protein [31]. Biofield treatment might induce significant changes in revived strain of S. saprophyticus and altered antimicrobials susceptibility pattern, MIC values, biochemical reactions, and ultimately change the biotype number of microorganism (Figure 1). The microbe that was susceptible in control sample converted into resistant/BLAC in lyophilized treated cells of S. saprophyticus after biofield energy treatment. Based on these results, it is postulated that, biofield treatment has the ability to alter the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials.

Figure 1: Outlined of the study outcome on biofield treated Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
Conclusions
Altogether, the biofield treatment has significantly (50%) altered the susceptibility pattern with changed MIC values (36.67%) of tested antimicrobials against the biofield treated strain of S. saprophyticus. It also altered 14.81% biochemical reactions pattern and biotype number of biofield treated strain of S. saprophyticus. The biotype number with new species was identified in revived treated cells as Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus; (342064) with respect to the control i.e., S. saprophyticus (242076). Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment could be applied as an alternative therapeutic approach against S. saprophyticus.
Acknowledgement
Authors gratefully acknowledged to Trivedi science, Trivedi testimonials and Trivedi master wellness and the whole team from PD Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, Microbiology Lab for their support.
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S. Saprophyticus- Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Biochemical Characteristics & Biotyping

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Women's Health Care Received September 21, 2015; Accepted September 23, 2015; Published October 01, 2015 Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Mondal SC, et al. (2015) Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotyping of Staphylococcus saprophyticus: An Impact of Biofield Energy Treatment. J Women's Health Care 4: 271.

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	Multidrug Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
	

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	Multidrug Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
	

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The study suggest that the energy treatment on multidrug resistant isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa might prevent the emergence of absolute resistance pattern of useful antimicrobials.

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Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, Gangwar M and Jana S*

DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000244 ISSN: 2332-0877
Citation
Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after Biofield Treatment. J Infect Dis Ther 3: 244. doi:10.4172/2332-0877.1000244
Abstract
In recent years, prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa) has been noticed with high morbidity and mortality. Aim of the present study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment on MDR clinical lab isolates (LS) of P. aeruginosa. Five MDR clinical lab isolates (LS 22, LS 23, LS 38, LS 47, and LS 58) of P. aeruginosa were taken and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated. Control and treated group were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study and biotype number using MicroScan Walk-Away ® system. The analysis was done on day 10 after biofield treatment as compared with control group. Antimicrobial sensitivity assay showed 60% alteration in sensitivity of tested antimicrobials in MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa after biofield treatment. MIC results showed an alteration in 42.85% tested antimicrobials out of twenty eight after biofield treatment in five isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa. Biochemical study showed a 48.48% change in tested biochemical reactions out of thirty three as compared to control. A significant change in biotype numbers was reported in three clinical lab isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa out of five, after biofield treatment as compared to respective control. On the basis of changed biotype number (7302 0052) in biofield treated LS 23, new organism was identified as Citrobacter freundii as compared to control (0206 3336). A very rare biotype number (7400 4263) was found in biofield treated LS 38, as compared to control (0206 3736). Study results suggest that biofield treatment on lab isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa has significant effect on the antimicrobial sensitivity, MIC values, biochemical reactions and biotype number. Biofield treatment might prevent the emergence of absolute resistance pattern of useful antimicrobials against MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Biofield treatment; Multidrug-resistant; Antimicrobial susceptibility; Biochemical reaction; Biotyping
Introduction
Antimicrobial agents are widely used therapeutic option against infections caused by pathogenic microbes. However, through different strategies and mechanism, these microorganisms combat the effect of antimicrobial agents, as multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical strains are the best example world-wide. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa) is a ubiquitous, gram-negative bacterium and versatile opportunistic pathogen, associated with nosocomial infections along with other serious implications with high rate of morbidity and mortality [1]. Increasing resistant towards the available antimicrobials preclude the effectiveness of any antimicrobial regimen [2,3]. Because of increasing MDR P. aeruginosa isolates in health care setting, infections are difficult to treat, causing life threating conditions [4]. P. aeruginosa is one of the major pathogen related with hospital acquired infections especially in Intensive care unit [5]. According to the report of nosocomial infection surveillance system of center for disease control and prevention, P. aeruginosa is second most common cause of nosocomial pneumonia, third most common in nosocomial urinary tract infections and eighth most common cause of nosocomial bacteraemia [6]. MDR mechanism in P. aeruginosa are due to acquisition of resistance genes (β-lactamases) or because of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes [7], or due to chromosomal genes mutation involved against antimicrobials [8].

Despite of several advances in medical sciences, new generation antimicrobials against MDR strains of P. aeruginosa associated infections are still a serious challenge [9]. Recently, an alternate approach called biofield treatment is reported with effectively inhibiting the growth of bacterial cultures [10]. Biofield is the name given to the electromagnetic field/energy that permeates and surrounds living organisms. However, the energy can exists in several forms such as kinetic, potential, electrical, magnetic, and nuclear. Similarly, the human nervous system consists of the energy and chemical information in the form of electrical signals. Thus, human has the ability to harness the energy from environment or universe and can transmit into any living or nonliving object(s) around the globe. The objects always receive the energy and responding into useful way that is called biofield energy and the process is known as biofield treatment. Few cases of biofield therapies are reported effectively [11,12], but very less controlled and experimental studies on biofield and electromagnetic fields treatment are practiced worldwide [13]. According to law of mass-energy inter-conversion [14], the conversion of mass into energy is well stabilized, but its inversion i.e. energy into mass has not yet proved scientifically. Whenever electrical signals fluctuate with time, the magnetic field generates as per the Ampere- Maxwell law, and cumulatively known as electromagnetic field. Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment is well-known to change the physicochemical and atomic characteristics of various materials. Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment had been studied and reported in altering the antimicrobial susceptibility and biochemical reactions of microbes against tested antimicrobials [15-17]. It has also significantly reported in field of material science [18-20]. Biofield treated crops had been reported for a significant change on growth, characteristics and yield of plants [21-24]. Present study reports the impact of biofield treatment on MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa, for its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern along with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), biochemical reactions, and biotyping.
Materials and Methods Experimental design and biofield treatment
MDR clinical lab isolates (i.e. LS 22, LS 23, LS 38, LS 47, and LS 58) of P. aeruginosa were obtained from stored stock cultures in Microbiology Lab, Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai. Each MDR lab isolates was divided into two groups i.e. control and treatment. Treatment group, in sealed pack were handed over to Mr. Trivedi for biofield treatment under laboratory conditions. Mr. Trivedi provided the treatment through his energy transmission process to the treated groups without touching the samples. The biofield treated samples were returned in the similar sealed condition for further analysis on day 10 using the standard protocols. After biofield treatment, following parameters like antimicrobial susceptibility, MIC, biochemical reactions, and biotype number were measured by MicroScan Walk- Away ® (Dade Behring Inc., USA) with respect to control group. All antimicrobials and biochemicals were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, USA.
Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility assay
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of MDR lab isolates of P. aeruginosa was studied using MicroScan Walk-Away ® using Negative Break Point Combo (NBPC 30) panel as per manufacturer's instructions. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern (S: Susceptible, I: Intermediate, IB: Inducible β-lactamase; and R: Resistant) and MIC values were determined by observing the lowest antimicrobial concentration showing growth inhibition [25]. The antimicrobials used in the susceptibility assay viz. amikacin, amoxicillin/K-clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam, ampicillin, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefepime, cefotaxime, cefotetan, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, norfloxacin, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, tetracycline, ticarcillin/kclavulanate, tobramycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
Biochemical study
Biochemical studies of MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa were determined by MicroScan Walk-Away ® using NBPC 30 panel system in both control and treated groups [25]. Biochemicals used in the study are acetamide, adonitol, arabinose, arginine, cetrimide, cephalothin, citrate, colistin, esculin hydrolysis, nitrofurantoin, glucose, hydrogen sulfide, indole, inositol, kanamycin, lysine, malonate, melibiose, nitrate, oxidation-fermentation, galactosidase, ornithine, oxidase, penicillin, raffinose, rhaminose, sorbitol, sucrose, tartarate, tryptophan deaminase, tobramycin, urea, and Voges-Proskauer.
Identification by biotype number
The biotype number of MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa in control and treated sample were determined followed by identification of microorganism by MicroScan Walk-Away ® processed panel data report with the help of biochemical reaction data [25].
Results and Discussion Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern
The sensitivity pattern of MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa against antipseudomonal antimicrobials agents are demonstrated in Table 1. All these changes were observed on day 10 after biofield treatment as compared to control group. Overall, 60% of tested fifteen antimicrobials, showed an alteration in antimicrobial sensitivity pattern after biofield treatment in MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa. Aztreonam (R → I in LS 22), cefepime (R → S in LS 23 and R → I in LS 47), imipenem (R → I in LS 58) and meropenem (R → S in LS 23 and R → I in LS 58) showed increased antimicrobial sensitivity pattern after biofield treatment in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Above antimicrobials also showed decrease in MIC values in treated group (Table 2). Sensitivity pattern of aztreonam, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone antimicrobials changed from R → IB, while piperacillin changed from IB → R and ticarcillin/K-clavulanate changed from IB → I in LS 23. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of biofield treated LS 38 was changed from IB → R in case of ceftazidime, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ticarcillin/K-clavulanate, and in case of aztreonam and ceftriaxone sensitivity changed from I → R, while S → R, in case of cefepime. Biofield treated LS 47 showed changed sensitivity pattern of R → IB in piperacillin/tazobactam and IB → R in ticarcillin/K-clavulanate antimicrobials. Piperacillin showed changed antimicrobial sensitivity pattern from R → IB in biofield treated LS 58. Amikacin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, and tobramycin antimicrobials did not show any change in sensitivity pattern in biofield treated clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.

Experimental results of antimicrobial sensitivity assay showed altered sensitivity pattern in biofield treated clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Increasing antimicrobial resistance against various antipseudomonal drugs in clinical isolates, has been reported world-wide [26,27] which leads to a serious therapeutic problem. The resistance profiles of P. aeruginosa showed varying degrees of resistance to imipenem in recent years [28]. Obritsch et al. defined resistance pattern of MDR P. aeruginosa against β-lactam (piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime, ceftazidime, and ticarcillin), carbapenems (imipenem, and meropenem), aminoglycosides (gentamycin, tobramycin, and amikacin) and fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin). Antimicrobial sensitivity results of control MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa were well supported with literature data [29]. Biofield treatment might be alternative approach to increase the sensitivity of antimicrobials. In case of aztreonam, cefepime, imipenem, and meropenem, antimicrobial sensitivity was improved after biofield treatment in clinical MDR isolates.

Table 1: Effect of biofield treatment on antimicrobial susceptibility of multidrug resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration
MIC values of all the clinical MDR isolates of control and biofield treated P. aeruginosa are summarized in Table 2. Overall, 42.85% alterations were reported in twenty eight tested antimicrobials after biofield treatment in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. MIC values were decreased four fold in ceftriaxone (less than equal to 8 μg/ml) and two fold in six antimicrobials i.e. aztreonam, cefepime, cefotetan, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, and meropenem after biofield treatment in LS 23 isolate. Other isolates were also showed decreased MIC values in tested antimicrobials such as aztreonam (16 μg/ml in LS 22), cefepime (16 μg/ml in LS 47), imipenem (8 μg/ml in LS 58), meropenem (8 μg/ml in LS 58), nitrofurantoin (64 μg/ml in LS 23), piperacillin/tazobactam (64 μg/ml in LS 47), and piperacillin (64 μg/ml in LS 58). Aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/ tazobactam, piperacillin, and ticarcillin/L-clavulanate showed increased MIC values in treated LS 38. Piperacillin (in LS 23) and ticarcillin/K-clavulante (in LS 47) also showed slight increase in MIC values as compared to control (Table 2). Rest of antimicrobials did not show any change in MIC values after biofield treatment in clinical MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa.

Increase in multidrug resistant and associated infections caused by P. aeruginosa has become a challenging for clinicians task to select anti-pseudomonal antimicrobials. Piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin are the best choice of antimicrobials against infections caused by P. aeruginosa. Apart from monotherapy, combination therapy, intravenous injections, and inhaled antibiotics are frequently preferred [30]. Biofield treatment has significantly decreased the MIC values in most of the tested antimicrobials such as piperacillin/ tazobactam, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem, and meropenem. P. aeruginosa can exhibits resistance mechanisms, such as aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, porin loss, efflux pumps, and various target site modifications [31]. Biofield treatment might act on enzymatic or genetic level which might affects the resistance mechanism, which may lead to alter the sensitivity pattern of most of the tested antimicrobials.

Table 2: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of multidrug resistant lab isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Biochemical and biotype number study
Biochemical study results and biotyping of control and biofield treated MDR lab isolates of P. aeruginosa are summarized in Table 3 and 4. Results of biochemical reactions showed 48.48% alteration out of thirty three tested biochemical after biofield treatment in MDR lab isolates of P. aeruginosa. Acetamide, arginine, nitrofurantoin, malonate, and oxidase showed negative reaction (i.e. (+) positive to (-) negative) while positive reaction (i.e. (-) negative to (+) positive) was found in arabinose, glucose, hydrogen sulfide, oxidation-fermentation, galactosidase, rhamnose, sorbitol, and sucrose in LS 23 isolate. Esculin hydrolysis, glucose, lysine, raffinose, sorbitol and sucrose showed positive reaction, while acetamide and arginine showed negative reaction as compared to control in LS 38. Only change in acetamide was reported in LS 58 i.e. negative reaction as compared to control. Rest of biochemicals did not show any alteration in their reaction after biofield treatment. LS 22 and LS 47 did not show any change in biochemical reaction as compared to control. P. aeruginosa is a glucose non fermenter, motile, shows oxidase positive, glucose negative, and Voges-Proskauer negative reaction as a characteristic feature. Biochemical reactions of control MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa were well supported with literature data [32].

Based on the biochemical results, significant alteration in biotype numbers were observed in three biofield treated MDR isolates i.e. LS 23, LS 38, and LS 58 as compared to control. A very rare biotype number (7400 4263) was found in treated LS 38, without any special characteristics (i.e. green pigment) as compared to control (0206 3736). New organism was identified as Citrobacter freundii complex with changed biotype number 7302 0052 in LS 23 after biofield treatment on day 10 with respect to control (0206 3336) (Table 4).

Continuous development of resistance in pathogenic microbes against antimicrobial has been advanced and persistent. Alternative treatment strategies are adopted in case of infections but biofield treatment might be a great approach to alter the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials against P. aeruginosa. As a part of energy medicine, biofield treatment is increasingly used in biomedical health care system. Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment against pathogenic microbes were well established [15-17]. Biofield treatment might induce significant changes at genetic and/or enzymatic level, which may act on receptor protein of microorganism [33], so that most of tested antimicrobials might showed better susceptibility pattern, decreased MIC values, and altered biochemical reactions against treated P. aeruginosa as compared to respective control.

Table 3: Effect of biofield treatment on Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the vital processes occurring in living organisms.

Table 4: Effect of biofield treatment on Pseudomonas aeruginosa to distinguishing feature of the genotype.
Conclusion
Our study showed the changing trend in antimicrobial sensitivity, MIC values, biochemical reactions, and biotype number after Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment in clinical MDR lab isolates of P. aeruginosa. On the basis of changed biotype number in three isolates after biofield treatment, new organism was identified as Citrobacter freundii in LS 23 of biotype number 73020052. On the basis of improved sensitivity and decreased value of MIC in some of the currently resistant antimicrobials used against MDR P. aeruginosa, it is assumed that biofield treatment could be applied in biomedical health care system to improve the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern.
Acknowledgement
Authors gratefully acknowledged the whole team of PD Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, Microbiology Lab for their support. Authors gratefully acknowledged Trivedi Science™ , Trivedi Master Wellness™ and Trivedi Testimonials for their generous support in experimental works.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
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6. Gaynes R, Edwards JR; National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (2005) Overview of nosocomial infections caused by gram- negative bacilli. Clin Infect Dis 41: 848-854.
7. Poole K (2005) Aminoglycoside resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49: 479-487. 8. Strateva T, Yordanov D (2009) Pseudomonas aeruginosa - a phenomenon of bacterial resistance. J Med Microbiol 58: 1133-1148.
9. Ergin C, Mutlu G (1999) Clinical distribution and antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas species. East J Med 4: 65-69.
10. Lucchetti G, de Oliveira RF, Gonçalves JP, Ueda SM, Mimica LM, et al. (2013) Effect of Spiritist "passe" (Spiritual healing) on growth of bacterial cultures. Complement Ther Med 21: 627-632.
11. Benor DJ (2002) Energy medicine for the internist. Med Clin North Am 86: 105-125.
12. Yount G, Patil S, Dave U, Alves-dos-Santos L, Gon K, et al. (2013) Evaluation of biofield treatment dose and distance in a model of cancer cell death. J Altern Complement Med 19: 124-127.
13. Jonas WB, Crawford CC (2003) Science and spiritual healing: a critical review of spiritual healing, "energy" medicine, and intentionality. Altern Ther Health Med 9: 56-61.
14. Einstein A (1905) Does the inertia of a body depend upon its energy- content. Ann Phys 18: 639-641.
15. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Pseudomonas fluorescens after biofield treatment. J Infect Dis Ther 3: 222.
16. Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Phenotypic and biotypic characterization of Klebsiella oxytoca: An impact of biofield treatment. J Microb Biochem Technol 7: 203-206.
17. Trivedi MK, Bhardwaj Y, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bulbule A (2009) Impact of an external energy on Enterococcus faecalis [ATCC-51299] in relation to antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical reactions-An experimental study. J Accord Integr Med 5: 119-130.
18. Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O (2015) Studies of the atomic and crystalline characteristics of ceramic oxide nano powders after bio field treatment. Ind Eng Manage 4:161.
19. Trivedi MK, Tallapragada RR (2008) A transcendental to changing metal powder characteristics. Met Powder Rep 63: 22-29, 31.
20. Dabhade VV, Tallapragada RR, Trivedi MK (2009) Effect of external energy on atomic, crystalline and powder characteristics of antimony and bismuth powders. Bull Mater Sci 32: 471-479.
21. Lenssen AW (2013) Biofield and fungicide seed treatment influences on soybean productivity, seed quality and weed community. Agricultural Journal 8: 138-143.
22. Nayak G, Altekar N (2015) Effect of biofield treatment on plant growth and adaptation. J Environ Health Sci 1: 1-9.
23. Shinde V, Sances F, Patil S, Spence A (2012) Impact of biofield treatment on growth and yield of lettuce and tomato. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 6: 100-105.
24. Sances F, Flora E, Patil S, Spence A, Shinde V (2013) Impact of biofield treatment on ginseng and organic blueberry yield. Agrivita J Agric Sci 35: 22-29.
25. Fader RC, Weaver E, Fossett R, Toyras M, Vanderlaan J, et al. (2013) Multilaboratory study of the biomic automated well-reading instrument versus MicroScan WalkAway for reading MicroScan antimicrobial susceptibility and identification panels. J Clin Microbiol 51: 1548-1554.
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multidrug resistant isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa

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biochemical studies of mdr isolates of p. aeruginosa

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Biochemical studies of MDR Isolates of P. Aeruginosa, Biofield Treatment

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Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, Gangwar M and Jana S* DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000244 ISSN: 2332-0877 Citation Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after Biofield Treatment. J Infect Dis Ther 3: 244.

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	Study of Antimicrobial susceptibility of S. Marcescens
	

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	Study of Antimicrobial susceptibility of S. Marcescens
	

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The study evaluate the impact of unique human energy treatment on antimicrobial susceptibility of S. marcescens and also on other characteristics such as biochemical reactions, biotype and more.

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		Evaluation of Phenotype and Genotype of Enterobacter Aerogenes
	

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		Evaluation of Phenotype and Genotype of Enterobacter Aerogenes
	

# data[].attributes.body
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of human energy treatment on E. aerogenes characteristics i.e. phenotype and genotype of enterobacter aerogenes.

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		 Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of E. cloacae
	

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		 Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of E. cloacae
	

# data[].attributes.body
Study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of unique energy treatment on enterobacter cloacae characteristics and also to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of E.cloacae under the influence of energy treatment.

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Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Shrikant Patil, Harish Shettigar, Sambhu Charan Mondal and Snehasis Jana*

DOI: 10.4172/2155-9597.1000241 ISSN: 2155-9597
Citation
Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Mondal SC, Jana S (2015) In vitro Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Enterobacter cloacae: Impact on Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Biotype. J Bacteriol Parasitol 6: 241. doi:10.4172/2155-9597.1000241
Abstract
This research work investigated the influence of biofield treatment on Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC 13047) against antimicrobial susceptibility. Two sets of ATCC samples were taken in this experiment and denoted as A and B. ATCC A sample was revived and divided into two parts Gr. I (control) and Gr. II (revived); likewise, ATCC B was labeled as Gr. III (lyophilized). Group II and III were given with biofield treatment. The control and treatment groups of E. cloacae cells were tested with respect to antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions pattern and biotype number. The result showed significant decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of aztreonam and ceftazidime (≤ 8 μg/mL), as compared to control group (≥ 16 μg/mL). It was observed that 9% reaction was altered in the treated groups with respect to control out of the 33 biochemical reactions. Moreover, biotype number of this organism was substantially changed in group II (7731 7376) and group III (7710 3176) on day 10 as compared to control (7710 3376). The result suggested that biofield treatment had an impact on E. cloacae with respect to antimicrobial susceptibility, alteration of biochemical reactions pattern and biotype.

Keywords: Antimicrobial susceptibility; Biofield treatment; Enterobacter cloacae ; Biochemical reaction; Biotyping
Introduction
Antimicrobial therapy is indicated in virtually all Enterobacter (EN) infections. The most EN species are either very resistant to many antimicrobial agents or it can develop resistance during antimicrobial therapy hence, the choice of appropriate antimicrobial agents is complicated [1]. Enterobacter cloacae, ATCC 13047 (American type culture collection) is a clinically significant Gram-negative, facultatively-anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. E. cloacae is a member of the normal gut flora of humans and is not usually a primary pathogen. It is sometimes associated with urinary tract and respiratory tract infections [2]. Many of the EN species have multiple antibiotic resistance that are undetectable in in vitro, which makes it difficult to treat in patients those are infected with this microbes. Based on existing literatures it was clearly mentioned that the organism E. cloacae had its resistance to aminopenicillins, aztreonam and broadspectrum cephalosporins [3]. The organisms are capable of overproducing AmpC β-lactamases by derepression of a chromosomal gene conferring the antibiotic resistance [4].

A well-known physiologist, Willem Einthoven, in 1903 had developed electrocardiography (ECG) to measure the biofield of human body. Thus, human has the ability to harness the energy from environment or universe and can transmit into any living or nonliving object(s) around the Globe. The objects always receive the energy and responding into useful way that is called biofield energy and the process is known as biofield treatment. Afterward, the Harold Saton Burr, had performed the detailed studies on the correlation of electric current with physiological process and concluded that every single process in the human body had an electrical significance. Recently, it was discovered that all the electrical process happening in body have strong relationship with magnetic field as required by Ampere's law, which states that the moving charge produces magnetic fields in surrounding space [5,6]. Thus, the human body emits the electromagnetic waves in form of bio-photons, which surrounds the body and it is commonly known as biofield. Therefore, the biofield consists of electromagnetic field, being generated by moving electrically charged particles (ions, cell, molecule etc.) inside the human body. Mr. Mahendra Trivedi's biofield treatment (The Trivedi Effect®) has been known to transform the structural, physical and chemical properties of materials in several fields like materials science [7-14], agriculture [15-17], microbiology [18-20] and biotechnology [21,22].

Biofield phenomena, it may act directly on molecular structures, changing the conformation of molecules in functionally significant ways. Besides, it may transfer bioinformation interacting directly with the energy fields of life, which is known as the biofield [23]. Due to the clinical significance of this organism, we had decided a detailed investigation was required after biofield treatment against E. cloacae. In the present work, we evaluated the effects of biofield treatment on E. cloacae in relation to antimicrobials susceptibility and biotyping based on various biochemical reactions.
Materials and Methods
The E. cloacae (ATCC 13047) with two sets A and B were procured from MicroBioLogics, Inc., USA, in two different sealed packs and stored with proper storage conditions until further use. All the tested antimicrobials and biochemicals were procured from Sigma-Aldrich. After that, following parameters were evaluated in all the groups such as changes in antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reaction and biotype number on MicroScan Walk-Away ® (Dade Behring Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA) using Negative Breakpoint Combo 30 (NBPC 30) panel.
Study design
Two ATCC samples (ATCC A and ATCC B) of E. cloacae were grouped (Gr.) and subjected to biofield treatment. ATCC A sample was revived and divided into two parts Gr. I (control) and Gr. II (revived); likewise, ATCC B was labeled as Gr. III (lyophilized). The treatment groups (II and III) were in sealed pack and handed over to Mr. Trivedi for biofield treatment under laboratory conditions. Mr. Trivedi provided the treatment through his energy transmission process to the treated groups (Gr. II and Gr. III) without touching the samples. After treatment, all treated samples were stored for analysis. Gr. II was assessed at two time point on day 5 and 10 and Gr. III was assessed on day 10. Finally, all the groups (control and treated) were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions pattern and biotyping.
Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility
Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of E. cloacae was carried out with the help of automated instrument, MicroScan Walk-Away ® using Negative Breakpoint Combo 30 (NBPC 30) panel. The tests carried out on MicroScan were miniaturizations of the broth dilution susceptibility test that have been dehydrated. Briefly, the standardized suspension of E. cloacae were inoculated, rehydrated, and then subjected to incubation for 16h at 35°C. The detailed experimental procedures and conditions were followed as per the manufacturer's instructions. The qualitative antimicrobial susceptibility pattern (S: Susceptible, I: Intermediate, IB: Inducible β- lactamase and R: Resistant) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined by observing the lowest antimicrobial concentration showing inhibition of growth [24].
Biochemical Reaction Studies
The study of biochemical reactions of E. cloacae was determined by MicroScan Walk-Away ®, system where, interpretation of biochemical reactions for microbial identification of Gram-negative organism in high accuracy. Table 1 contains the list of biochemicals, used for the biochemical reactions of E. cloacae [24].

Table 1: Effect of biofield treatment on Enterobacter cloacae to the biochemical reaction pattern.
Biotype number
The biotype number of E. cloacae was determined on MicroScan Walk-Away ® processed panel data report with the help of biochemical reactions data [24,25].
Results Assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility
The outcome of qualitative susceptibility pattern and MIC of tested antimicrobials after biofield treatment to E. cloacae are summarized in Tables 2 and 3. The data were analyzed and compared with respect to control. The treated cells of E. cloacae showed an alteration of antimicrobial sensitivity as 14.29% in the treated group III on day 10 as compared with control. The effect of biofield treatment had revealed that the combination of ticarcillin/k-clavulanate converted from R → I corresponding MIC (>64 to 60 μg/mL) on all the treated cells with respect to control.

Table 2: Antibiogram of Enterobacter cloacae: effect of biofield treatment on antimicrobial susceptibility.

Ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime were converted from I → S and I → IB. The corresponding MIC values of these were 16 to ≤ 8 μg/mL and 2 to ≤ 1 μg/mL respectively on lyophilized treated cells but remained same in revived treated group with respect to control (Table 2).

The antimicrobial sensitivity both qualitative and quantitative assessment were significantly changed in the case of aztreonam and ceftazidime as compared with respective control group, showed in Tables 2 and 3. Cefotaxime was converted from IB → I and corresponding MIC value was ≤ 8 to 32 μg/mL in revived treated group but remained same in lyophilized treated group. Others antimicrobials did not showed any changes with respect to biofield treatment in all the groups.

Table 3: Effect of biofield treatment on Enterobacter cloacae to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of tested antimicrobials.
Organism identification by biochemical reactions
The specific biochemicals showed some changes against E. cloacae after biofield treatment are presented in Table 3. Esculin hydrolysis was altered positive (+) to negative (-) reaction in Gr. III but remained same response in Gr. II with respect to control. Similarly, indole and lysine were changed from negative (-) to positive (+) reaction in revived treated group (Gr. II) but remain unchanged in lyophilized treated group (Gr. III) on day 10 with respective to control. Overall, 9% biochemical reactions were altered due to biofield treatment out of 33 biochemicals with respect to control.
Organism identification by biotype number
Based on the results from biochemical reactions, there were no changes in biotype in group II on day 5 as compared to control. However, the significant changes were observed in the biotype number of E. cloacae in the both group II and III at day 10 as compared to control (Table 4).

Table 4: Effect of biofield treatment on biotype number of Enterobacter cloacae.
Discussion
The existing literatures clearly mentioned that the organism E. cloacae has revealed its resistance to aminopenicillins, aztreonam and broad-spectrum cephalosporins [3]. In this experiment, the biofield treated lyophilized form of microbe showed very satisfactory result both qualitative as well as quantitative aspect by lowering the MIC value (≤8 μg/mL) of aztreonam and ceftazidime as compared to untreated group (Tables 2 and 3). According to Joseph et al., the isolated E. cloacae has resistant to particular antibiotics such as tobramycin and amikacin [4]. In this experiment the data showed the susceptibility of these antibiotics against E. cloacae .

In presence of indole the microbe E. cloacae produced biochemical reactions i.e. , negative to positive reactive in group II on day 10. The mechanism behind is that the organism can split tryptophan to form the compound indole. The positive effect directly proved that the microbe is gram negative rods shaped. The following biochemicals were remain unchanged to the strain of E. cloacae upon biofield treatment such as nitrate, citrate, Voges-Proskauer, ornithine, arginine, ONPG and OF/G. After comparison the percentage responses of 33 biochemical reaction pattern against E. cloacae was 9.0% with respect to control.

Biotype numbers of particular organisms were arrived after interpreting the results of the biochemical reactions. The biotype numbers then led to the particular organism identification. In this experiment, biotyping was performed using automated systems, had found significant changes in the biofield treated groups as II and III on day 10. The biotype number of E. cloacae , which had changed from 7710 3376 (control) to 7731 7376 and 7710 3176 for treated Gr. II and Gr. III on day 10, respectively (Table 4).

Due to microbial resistance to a single drug or multiple drugs, invention of an effective antimicrobial therapy for the human-wellness is urgently required. However, due to some limitation of science, the progress of new medications is slow and very challenging for scientists. Therefore, the multidrug resistant is becoming a major threat over the community. Our present research study reported that biofield treatment could change the susceptibility pattern of microbes from intermediate to susceptible and also resistance to susceptible. As a result, the microbe that was intermediate/resistance responsiveness to a particular antimicrobial now converted into completely susceptible/ intermediate respectively with the same antimicrobial after biofield treatment. This may be due to change in microorganism at enzymatic and/or genetic level, which may act on receptor protein. While altering receptor protein, ligand-receptor/protein interactions may change, that could lead to show the different phenotypic characteristics [26]. Based on these results, it is hypothesized that, biofield treatment has the opportunity to be a fast, convenient and cost effective alternative approach to combat multidrug resistance with the use of existing antimicrobial therapy in near future.
Conclusions
Altogether, the biofield treatment altered the resistance property of a few antimicrobials against E. cloacae . It has been observed that there was an alteration in phenotype characteristics of E. cloacae . Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment could be applied to improve the sensitivity of antimicrobials against E. cloacae resistance and an alternative therapeutic approach to combat against antimicrobial resistance.
Acknowledgement
Authors gratefully acknowledged the whole team of PD Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, Microbiology Lab and also thanks to Trivedi science, Trivedi testimonials and Trivedi master wellness for their support.
References
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investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of e. cloacae

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
E. Cloacae Biochemical Characteristics, Antimicrobial Susceptibility & Biotyping

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Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Shrikant Patil, Harish Shettigar, Sambhu Charan Mondal and Snehasis Jana* DOI: 10.4172/2155-9597.1000241 ISSN: 2155-9597 Citation Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Mondal SC, Jana S (2015) In vitro Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Enterobacter cloacae: Impact on Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Biotype. J Bacteriol Parasitol 6: 241.

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		Soybean Seed Treatment for Increasing the Productivity
	

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		Soybean Seed Treatment for Increasing the Productivity
	

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The Soybean seed treatment was successfully tested on different parameters for the quality of soybean seeds and soybean productivity with energy treatment.

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		Human Energy Treatment for Increasing Tomato Yield
	

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		Human Energy Treatment for Increasing Tomato Yield
	

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The study shows increased tomato yield and also the chlorophyll content in tomato plant after the impact of human energy treatment